Chapter 04 – Biodiversity and Evolution
d.
a narrow ecological niche
e.
the same niche as a keystone species
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.1 – Contrast between generalist and specialist species.
49. A heritable trait that improves the ability of an individual organism to survive and to reproduce at a higher rate than
other individuals in a population is called a(n) ____.
a.
adaptation
b.
mutagen
c.
niche
d.
chromosome
e.
selection
50. Which organism would best be described as a specialist species?
a.
flies
b.
cockroaches
c.
white-tailed deer
d.
panda bears
e.
humans
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.1 – Contrast between generalist and specialist species.
51. ____ is the most common cause of speciation.
a.
Mass extinction
b.
Geographic isolation
c.
The arrival of a nonnative species
d.
An overlap between ecological niches
e.
The loss of a keystone species
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.4.1 – Specify the two phases of speciation.
52. Which statement best describes an organism’s habitat?
a.
nutrient relationships with other species
b.
place or type of ecosystem in which a species lives
c.
types of resource requirements
Chapter 04 – Biodiversity and Evolution
d.
range of tolerance to different physical and chemical conditions
e.
types of competitors
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5 – Discuss the ecological niche of a species in the ecosystems.
53. The ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate a chemical such as a pesticide or antibiotic designed to
kill it and to reproduce more rapidly than the members of the population that do not have such genetic traits is called
____.
a.
synthetic biology
b.
genetic engineering
c.
crossbreeding
d.
genetic resistance
e.
heritability
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
extinction.
54. An intertidal species of sea star helps to maintain the diversity of the intertidal region by controlling the mussel
population. Without the sea star, the mussel population would crowd out other species and take over their territory. The
sea star could be called a(n) ____.
a.
indicator species
b.
keystone species
c.
foundation species
d.
aggressive species
e.
repressor species
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5 – Discuss the ecological niche of a species in the ecosystems.
55. Artificial selection can be achieved by ____.
a.
ensuring that more individuals survive to reproductive age
b.
not interfering with the survival of the fittest
c.
selective breeding
d.
geographic isolation
e.
increasing competition for niches
c
56. ____ is a technology that enables scientists to make new sequences of DNA and to use such genetic information to
design and create new cells, tissues, organisms, and devices, and to redesign natural biological systems.
a.
Synthetic biology
b.
Artificial selection
c.
Reproductive isolation
d.
Speciation
e.
Adaptation
a
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
57. When environmental conditions change dramatically or rapidly, a population of a species faces three possible futures:
adapt to the new conditions through natural selection, migrate (if possible) to another area with more favorable conditions,
or ____.
a.
wait until conditions improve
b.
crossbreed with another species
c.
become extinct
d.
control environmental conditions
e.
become invasive
c
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
extinction.
58. A species that is found only on one island would be described as ____.
a.
adaptive
b.
the product of artificial selection
c.
a keystone species
d.
an indicator species
e.
endemic
e
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
59. A species that can live in many different places and eat a variety of foods could be described as ____.
a.
endemic
b.
exotic
c.
a specialist species
d.
a generalist species
e.
a native species
Chapter 04 – Biodiversity and Evolution
4.4 What Factors Affect Biodiversity?
60. Which statement is true with regard to keystone species?
a.
Animals can be keystone species, but plants cannot.
b.
Top predators can be keystone species, but other animals cannot.
c.
Insects can never be keystone species because they are pests.
d.
Some keystone species are more vulnerable to extinction than other species.
e.
A species must have a very large population size in order to be a keystone species.
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.2 – Distinguish the four major roles of species within ecosystems.
61. Species diversity is important because ____.
a.
ecosystems with high levels of species diversity tend to be more stable
b.
if a few species go extinct, the consequences are not that long-term
c.
it ensures that there’s plenty of competition for niches, resulting in fitter species
d.
functional diversity is lower when species diversity is high
e.
it increases ecosystem diversity
a
4.1 What Is Biodiversity and Why Is It Important?
62. Under rapidly changing environmental conditions, ____ usually have an advantage.
a.
specialist species
b.
generalist species
c.
indicator species
d.
amphibians
e.
keystone species
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.1 – Contrast between generalist and specialist species.
63. Those species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem are ____.
a.
keystone species
b.
exotic species
c.
native species
d.
nonnative species
Chapter 04 – Biodiversity and Evolution
e.
indicator species
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Remember
REFERENCES:
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.2 – Distinguish the four major roles of species within ecosystems.
64. Sharks are especially vulnerable to population declines because ____.
a.
they cannot tolerate changes in water temperature
b.
they are susceptible to many more diseases than most species
c.
they often deplete the populations of their prey
d.
they grow slowly, mature late, and have only a few offspring per generation
e.
they are prey for so many species
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Remember
REFERENCES:
4.2 What Roles Do Species Play in Ecosystems?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.5.2 – Distinguish the four major roles of species within ecosystems.
65. What is a misconception about biological evolution through natural selection?
a.
Humans evolved from a common ancestor with apes.
b.
Adaptive traits allow organisms to reproduce at a higher rate than others.
c.
Geographic isolation can result in species evolving in different directions.
d.
Only genetic mutations that occur in reproductive cells are passed on to offspring.
e.
Evolution explains the origin of life.
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
4.3 How Does the Earth’s Life Change Over Time?
Matching
Match the type of diversity with the proper choice below.
a.
functional diversity
b.
genetic diversity
c.
ecological diversity
d.
species diversity
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Understand
REFERENCES:
4.1 What Is Biodiversity and Why Is It Important?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.4.1.1 – Differentiate among the four components of biological diversity.
66. Caribbean snails of the same population exhibit a variety of shell colors and banding patterns.
ANSWER:
67. Coastal states in the United States typically have more ecosystems than land-locked states.
ANSWER:
68. Some tropical forests contain thousands of producer species.
69. A wetland ecosystem cycles nitrogen as well as phosphorus.
70. A disease only affects a portion of a population, as the others are immune.
71. Coral reefs are known for their very high number of species.
72. Oregon and Washington have wet, dry, and high elevation regions.
73. A population of fish contains fish of several different colors.
74. A(n) ____________________ includes an organism’s range of tolerance for physical and chemical conditions.
75. ____________________ are mineralized or petrified replicas of skeletons, bones, teeth, shells, leaves, and seeds, or
imprints of such items found in rocks.
76. ____________________ are changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that can be inherited by offspring.
77. ____________________ are random changes in the structure or number of DNA molecules in a cell.
78. The process by which an entire species ceases to exist is called ____________________.
Chapter 04 – Biodiversity and Evolution
79. Mutations can occur in any cell type, however only those that occur in ____________________ are passed on to
offspring, thus allowing for evolution.
80. ____________________ is the process whereby the earth’s life changes over time through changes in the genes of
populations of organisms in succeeding generations.
81. In a process called ____________________, one species splits into two of more different species.
82. Typically speaking, organisms that are described as ____________________ tend to have broad niches.
83. Species that are found in only one area are called ____________________ and are especially vulnerable to extinction.
84. Species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem are called
_____________________.
85. Earth’s variety of deserts, forests, and grasslands are all examples of _____________________.
86. Desert, prairie grassland, and coniferous forest with distinct climates and certain species are all examples of
____________________.
87. Genes mutate, ____________________ are selected, and populations____________________.
88. The scientific theory of evolution explains how life on the earth changes over time due to changes in the genes
of____________________.
89. Holding the pen or pencil for taking this exam is one of the things you can do as a human because you have
_____________________.
90. ____________________ is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background level.
Subjective Short Answer
91. List the four components of biodiversity.
92. How does natural selection change the genetic makeup of a population over time?
93. How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
94. Briefly describe the concept of functional diversity.
95. Why could honeybees be considered a keystone species?
96. Why doesn’t “survival of the fittest” mean “survival of the strongest”?
Essay
97. Clearly explain the relationship between the geologic process of plate tectonics and the biological process of evolution
over geologic time.
98. Clearly explain how large-scale mass extinctions can actually lead to evolutionary opportunities.
99. How do the ecological niches of generalist species differ from those of specialist species?
100. How are geographic isolation and reproductive isolation related?