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1. Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except:
a. dreams.
b. posthypnoticsuggestions.
c. freeassociation.
d. materialderivedfromintrospectivetechniques.
2. A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego
defense?
a. Displacement
b. Reactionformation
c. Introjection
d. Projection
3. One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings
into the unconscious, is:
a. repression.
b. regression.
c. displacement.
d. rationalization.
4. The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature
stages is ________?
a. fixation
b. rationalization
c. regression
d. introjection
5. Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:
a. displacement.
b. introjection.
c. reactionformation.
d. projection.
6. Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:
a. oralstage.
b. analstage.
c. phallicstage.
d. genitalstage.
7. Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:
a. oralstage.
b. analstage.
c. phallicstage.
d. genitalstage.
8. The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
a. treatspecificlearningdisorders.
b. changeovertbehavior.
c. correctirrationalthinking.
d. maketheunconsciousmotivesconscious.
9. A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:
a. openness and self-disclosure.
b. a deeply personal and sharing relationship.
c. a sense of being anonymous.
d. a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.
10. The“fundamentalrule”fortheclientinpsychoanalysisis:
a. forming a contract with the therapist.
b. willingnesstodo“homeworkassignments.”
c. participating in free association.
d. writing down dreams.
11. A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:
a. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy.
b. psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy.
c. superego-oriented psychotherapy.
d. psychoanalytic behavior analysis.
12. The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:
a. transference.
b. rationalization.
c. countertransference.
d. interpretation.
13. The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except:
a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.
d. it is not valuable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.
14. A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely
using:
a. introjection.
b. sublimation.
c. denial.
d. compensation.
15. Directingenergytowardanotherobjectoraperson(whenanxietyisreducedbyfocusingona“safertarget”)is
known as:
a. sublimation.
b. repression.
c. introjection.
d. displacement.
16. Manufacturing“good”reasonstoexplainawayabruisedego,ortoexplainawayfailuresorlosses,isknownas:
a. rationalization.
b. projection.
c. displacement.
d. introjection.
17. Theyoungadultwhoadoptshisparent’soutdatedpoliticalbeliefstoavoidunpleasantfeelingsofanxietyisan
example of:
a. displacement.
b. reactionformation.
c. sublimation.
d. introjection.
18. The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to
make up for limitations is known as:
a. sublimation.
b. compensation.
c. introjection.
d. reactionformation.
19. The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as:
a. displacement.
b. denial.
c. compensation.
d. sublimation.
20. The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?
a. Analstage
b. Genitalstage
c. Oralstage
d. Phallicstage
21. InFreud’sview,anindividualexperiencingneuroticanxietyfeels:
a. he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code.
b. a realistic threat is present in the environment.
c. he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.
d. guilt associated with past actions.
22. Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
a. To refer to the death instincts
b. To refer to the energy of all the life instincts
c. To refer to sexual abuse
d. To account for the aggressive drive
23. What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
a. Anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral
b. Oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
c. Oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic
d. Latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital
24. InErikson’sview,themajordevelopmentaltaskinadolescenceis:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. integrity vs. despair.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
25. A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________
during the_________ stage.
a. intimacy; young adulthood
b. identity; adolescent
c. integrity; later life
d. industry; school age
26. Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the
psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilty feelings?
a. Theid
b. Theego
c. Thesuperego
d. Theconsciousness
27. Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize all of the following except:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.
c. the differentiation between self and others.
d. different cultures maintain similar values.
28. Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis?
a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model.
b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.
c. Countertransferenceprovidesrichinformationabouttheclient’sdynamics.
d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.
29. The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
a. explore sources of childhood trauma.
b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
c. changetheclient’srepetitivepatternsofrelatingtoothers.
d. bring about catharsis.
30. The main function of the ego is to:
a. inhibit id impulses.
b. seek pleasure in life.
c. mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. strive for perfection.
31. All of the following are true about the superego except:
a. it is the judicial branch of personality.
b. it is the internalization of the standards of parents and society.
c. it governs, controls and regulates the personality.
d. it inhibits id impulses.
32. Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to
turndownajobofferinLasVegastoavoidthetemptationtogamble.WhatpartofHenry’spersonalityhelped
him to reach this decision?
a. Theid
b. Theego
c. Thesuperego
d. Theunconscious
33. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include all of the
following except:
a. rejectingothers’love.
b. fear of intimate relationships.
c. mistrust of others.
d. high self-esteem.
34. According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
b. initiative vs. guilt.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. trust vs. mistrust.
35. The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during:
a. schoolage.
b. earlychildhoodage.
c. preschoolage.
d. adolescence.
36. A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of
___________ during the ___________stage of development.
a. identity; adolescence
b. trust; infancy
c. generativity; middle age
d. intimacy; young adulthood
37. Developmentally,Freud’slatencystagecorrespondstoErickson’sstageof:
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. intimacy versus isolation.
c. initiative versus guilt.
d. industry versus inferiority.
38. From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may display all of the following characteristics except:
a. discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
b. be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
c. underscoretheroleofimportantculturalandpoliticalfactorsintheclient’sworld.
d. ambiguity is not inherent in most psychoanalytic approaches.
39. AllofthefollowingareapartofJung’sviewofdevelopmentexcept:
a. individuation.
b. theshadow.
c. symbiosis.
d. collectiveunconscious.
40. Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?
a. Perls
b. Satir
c. Rogers
d. Mahler
41. Becauseegoandconsciousnessarenotthesame,thesloganforpsychoanalysishasshiftedfrom“makingthe
unconsciousconscious”to:
a. “makingtheegoconscious.”
b. “wheretherewasid,lettherebeego.”
c. “getridoftheid,kid!”
d. “maytheforcebewithinyou.”
42. In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:
a. reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.
b. replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk.
c. make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan.
d. increase their support networks and develop social interest.
43. Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
a. Use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship
b. Targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session
c. The therapist functioning as a blank slate
d. Developing a strong working alliance
44. Allofthefollowingaretrueaboutatherapist’scountertransferencereactionsexcept:
a. they should be avoided.
b. they have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.
c. theycanproviderichunderstandingoftheclient’sexperience.
d. they should be carefully monitored by the therapist.
45. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?
a. The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.
b. The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment.
c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically
incorrect, selfish, or infantile.
d. Theclientisencouragedtouse“solutiontalk”andavoidtalkingaboutproblems.
46. In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon:
a. thechild’ssearchforapprovalfromthefather.
b. one’sbirthorder.
c. one’sstrivingtoovercomefeltinferiority.
d. thechild’ssearchforareconnectionwiththemother.
47. Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?
a. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since
they are so biased.
b. Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal
vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work.
c. Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these
reactions.
d. It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a
source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.
48. Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-
absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders?
a. Narcissistic
b. Dependent
c. Borderline
d. Obsessivecompulsive
49. A person with a __________ personality disorder is characterized by instability, irritability, self-destructive acts,
impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control,
and an inability to tolerate anxiety.
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessivecompulsive
50. The range of emotionally charged responses such as withdrawal, anger, love, annoyance, powerlessness,
avoidance, overidentification, control, and sadness of the therapist are often associated with:
a. transference.
b. workingthrough.
c. interpretation.
d. countertransference.
51. The ego is the original structure of personality.
a. True
b. False
52. The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.
a. True
b. False
53. Traditional analytic therapists make more frequent interpretations of transferences and engage in fewer supportive
interventions than is the case with psychodynamic therapists.
a. True
b. False
54. Freud postulated the concepts of both life instincts and death instincts.
a. True
b. False
55. AccordingtoFreud,consciousnessconstitutesthelargestpartofone’spsychologicalfunctioning.
a. True
b. False
56. Ego-defense mechanisms, by their very nature, imply psychopathology.
a. True
b. False
57. Freud postulated the theory of sexuality.
a. True
b. False
58. The major developmental task of the anal stage is acquiring a sense of trust.
a. True
b. False
59. During the anal stage, children typically experience a range of negative feelings, including rage, hate, and hostility.
a. True
b. False
60. According to Freudians, greediness and hoarding may develop as a result of not getting oral needs properly met.
a. True
b. False
61. The phallic stage typically occurs during the ages of 1 to 3.
a. True
b. False
62. The latency stage occurs between the ages of 5 to 12.
a. True
b. False
63. The Oedipal complex and the Electra complex are associated with the genital stage of development.
a. True
b. False
64. Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffective interventiononthetherapist’spart.
a. True
b. False
65. Typically,analyticallyorientedtherapistsassumeananonymousstance,whichissometimescalledthe“blank
screen”approach,asanecessarywaytofostertransference.
a. True
b. False
66. Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.
a. True
b. False
67. Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences.
a. True
b. False
68. Clients in analytic therapy typically free associate to various symbols in their dreams.
a. True
b. False
69. Resistance, in the analytic view, results from either a conscious unwillingness on the part of the client to cooperate,
or from the ineptness of the therapist in developing a sound therapeutic program.
a. True
b. False
70. The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.
a. True
b. False
71. Psychoanalysis provides therapists with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior and understanding the
origins and functions of present symptoms.
a. True
b. False
72. The relational model of psychoanalysis regards therapy as an interactive process between the client and therapist.
a. True
b. False
73. The relational model of psychoanalysis downplays the role of countertransference.
a. True
b. False
74. Brief psychodynamic therapies target specific interpersonal problems during the initial session.
a. True
b. False
75. Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.
a. True
b. False
76. Psychodynamicgroupleadersdonotinterprettheirclient’stransferences.
a. True
b. False
77. The working-through process consists of repetitive and elaborate explorations of unconscious material and
defenses, most of which originated in early childhood.
a. True
b. False
78. Inpsychodynamicgroupwork,symbolicfiguresfromaclient’spastmayemerge.
a. True
b. False
79. The psychoanalytic approach provides practitioners with a framework for understanding the origins and functions of
symptoms.
a. True
b. False
