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Chapter 04 - Biodiversity and Evolution
True / False
1. Before humans evolved, species never went extinct.
a.
True
b.
False
2. In speciation, two species interbreed to form one new species.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Most of the earth’s species of flowering plants depend on insects to pollinate their flowers.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Generalist species are more prone to extinction when environmental changes change rapidly than specialist species.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Evolution by natural selection involves a grand plan of nature in which species are to become more perfectly adapted.
a.
True
b.
False
6. When biologists talk about the “survival of the fittest”, the fittest individuals are those that leave the most descendants,
not those that are physically the strongest.
Chapter 04 - Biodiversity and Evolution
a.
True
b.
False
7. It is impossible for a shark that has been caught and returned to the ocean to drown.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Heritable traits that give an individual some advantage over other individuals in the population are called adaptive
traits.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Genes mutate, individuals are selected, and populations evolve.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The biological diversity of the earth is only a function of the number of species on the earth.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Even if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population, the population’s ability to adapt may be limited by its
reproductive capacity.
a.
True
b.
False
Chapter 04 - Biodiversity and Evolution
12. All nonnative species threaten ecosystems.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Compounds in secretions from the skin of certain amphibians have been isolated and used as painkillers and
antibiotics, and in treatments for burns and heart disease.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation can both lead to speciation.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Viral and fungal diseases are among the factors that threaten amphibians.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Cockroaches have a wide range of tolerance of environmental conditions. They are known as a specialist species.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Habitat loss and fragmentation is not a major threat to amphibians.
a.
True
b.
False
18. American alligators dig holes that many other species rely on.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably only 1% of all species that have ever lived.
a.
True
b.
False
20. New species arise when a mutation occurs and an organism is born much different than its parents.
a.
True
b.
False
21. For every shark that injures or kills a person every year, we ____.
a.
kill one shark to even the score
b.
kill about 50,000 sharks, but mainly for food
c.
kill about 1.2 million sharks
d.
kill sharks in a ratio of 5:1 for humans deaths
e.
hunt sharks but have been unable to kill any
22. ____ is the number and variety of species present in any biological community.
a.
Biome diversity
b.
Functional diversity
c.
Ecological diversity
d.
Genetic diversity
e.
Species diversity
23. Biomes are ____.
a.
individual ocean basins
b.
large terrestrial regions of the earth with distinct climate and certain species typically occurring within them
c.
groups of populations living in harmony in a given ecosystem
d.
all the biological, rather than man-made, portions of the planet combined into one ecosystem
e.
types of forests that are extensive and widespread on a continent
24. The variety of genes found in a species or population is known as ____.
a.
species diversity
b.
genetic diversity
c.
functional diversity
d.
ecological diversity
e.
molecular diversity
25. ____ is the variety of processes such as energy flow and matter cycling that occur within ecosystems as species
interact with one another in food webs.
a.
Biome diversity
b.
Genetic diversity
c.
Functional diversity
d.
Ecosystem diversity
e.
Species diversity
26. Deserts, tropical forests, prairie grasslands, and coniferous forests have distinct climates and certain species, and are
all examples of ____.
a.
different species
b.
ecosystems with the highest biodiversity
c.
ecosystems with low genetic biodiversity
d.
biomes
e.
populations
27. The earth’s variety of deserts, grasslands, forests, mountains, oceans, lakes, rivers, and wetlands can be described as
____.
a.
functional diversity
b.
biome diversity
c.
species diversity
d.
genetic diversity
e.
ecosystem diversity
28. The role a species plays in its ecosystem is its ____.
a.
biodiversity
b.
biome
c.
habitat
d.
niche
e.
trait
29. Species with broad niches are described as ____ species.
a.
invasive species
b.
native
c.
specialist
d.
diverse
e.
generalist
30. Which statement is true with regard to mutations?
a.
Mutations are always harmful.
b.
Mutations always provide for beneficial changes in an organism's genetic makeup.
c.
Mutations are chosen by the organism to improve their survival.
d.
Mutations that survive in a population are determined by natural selection.
e.
Mutations are caused only by harmful chemicals.
31. In 1957, Brazil imported wild African honeybees to help increase honey production, but the bees displaced some
native honeybee populations, which led to a reduced honey supply. These African honeybees could be described as ____.
a.
mutagens
b.
keystones
c.
indicators
d.
invasive
e.
endemic
32. Species that provide early warnings of environmental change in a community or an ecosystem are called ____.
a.
invasive species
b.
exotic species
c.
keystone species
d.
indicator species
e.
native species
Narrative: (question #13)
In a population of wild bees, a mutation resulted in slightly larger wingspan in some of the bees. This larger wingspan
made the bees more efficient in their flights to flowers to collect nectar. Thus, these bees became more successful. This
trait was passed on to offspring, and eventually the larger wingspan variety of bee replaced their smaller-winged relatives
completely.
33. Because this mutation produced a specific wing trait that was passed onto offspring, the mutation must have occurred
____.
Chapter 04 - Biodiversity and Evolution
a.
in wing cells
b.
in reproductive cells
c.
as a result of exposure to a chemical agent
d.
as a result of UV light
e.
because of the type of pollen the bee collected
34. It could be said that ____ favored the bee with the larger wingspan, and so the ____ evolved.
a.
adaptation; bee
b.
evolution; population
c.
mutation; bee
d.
natural selection; population
e.
mutation; population
35. ____ are species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem.
a.
Generalist species
b.
Nonnative species
c.
Native species
d.
Indicator species
e.
Keystone species
36. Which characteristic must be true in order for a trait to be impacted by the forces of natural selection and then play a
role in the process of biological evolution?
a.
The trait must be the result of environmental conditions.
b.
The trait must be genetically based.
c.
The trait must impact the social rank of its possessor.
d.
The trait must be a physical characteristic of the organism.
e.
The trait must be a behavioral characteristic of the organism.
37. A trait that creates a specific advantage for some organisms in the struggle to survive ____.
a.
enables individuals with the trait to leave more offspring than other members of the population leave
b.
results in greater genetic diversity in the offspring of those organisms that possess it than in those that do not
possess the trait
c.
causes the ratio of male and female offspring produced to be equal
d.
results in offspring that are genetically different than the parents
e.
forces non-heritable traits to be passed from parent to offspring.
38. The American alligator is a(n) ____ because it plays a number of important roles in the ecosystems where it is found
in the southeastern United States.
a.
endemic species
b.
specialist species
c.
indicator species
d.
exotic species
e.
keystone species
39. Genetic resistance to antibiotic drugs is an important example of ____.
a.
an adaptive trait in humans
b.
natural selection
c.
a beneficial mutation
d.
a harmful mutation
e.
evolution
40. Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably ____ of all species that have ever lived.
a.
1%
b.
25%
c.
40%
d.
60%
e.
75%
41. Some genetic mutations occur from exposure to external agents called ____, such as radioactivity, ultraviolet radiation
from the sun, and certain natural and human-made chemicals.
a.
mutagens
b.
heritable traits
c.
keystones
d.
niches
e.
antibiotics
42. Traits that can be passed from one generation to the next are called ____ traits.
a.
selection
b.
native
c.
adaptive
d.
heritable
e.
fitness
43. Humans evolved from ___.
a.
apes
b.
monkeys
c.
chimpanzees
d.
a common ancestor shared with apes and monkeys
e.
an ancestor with no connection to apes or monkeys
44. We can say that on a long-term basis, the ____ principle of sustainability has especially helped life on the earth to
adapt to drastic changes in environmental conditions.
a.
wise use
b.
energy cycling
c.
nutrient cycling
d.
energy
e.
biodiversity
45. Humans have used ____ to change the genetic characteristics of populations to generate individuals with desired traits.
a.
specialist species
b.
ecological niches
c.
keystone species
d.
artificial selection
e.
subjective selection
46. The process by which members of isolated populations become so different in genetic makeup that they cannot
produce live, fertile offspring if they are rejoined is best described as ____.
a.
geographic isolation
b.
reproductive isolation
c.
evolutionary isolation
d.
endemic isolation
e.
niche isolation
47. Scientists use ____ to alter an organism’s genetic material by adding, deleting, or changing segments of its DNA to
produce desirable traits or to eliminate undesirable ones.
a.
genetic engineering
b.
natural selection
c.
geographic isolation
d.
speciation
e.
genetic resistance
48. Specialist species occupy ____.
a.
multiple habitats
b.
a broad ecological niche
c.
multiple ecological niches
