Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition
Chapter 38: Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid
Test Bank
1. A person with normal lungs has an oxygen consumption of 750 mL O2/min. The
hemoglobin concentration is 15 g/dL. The mixed venous saturation is 25%. What is the
cardiac output?
A. 2,500 mL/min
B. 5,000 mL/min
C. 7,500 mL/min
D. 10,000 mL/min
E. 20,000 mL/min
2. Which of the following situations would be expected to DECREASE pulmonary vascular
resistance?
A. Ascent to 15,000 ft above sea level
B. Stimulation of the sympathetics
C. Expiration to the residual volume
D. Moderate exercise
3. With a slow decrease in left heart function, which of the following will reduce the
formation of pulmonary edema?
A. An increase in plasma protein concentration due to fluid loss
B. Increase in the negative interstitial hydrostatic pressure.
C. Increased pumping of lymphatics
D. Increase in the concentration of interstitial proteins
4. Which of the following circumstances might be expected to contribute to the formation
of pulmonary edema?
A. Overtransfusion with plasma
B. Occlusion of the lymphatic drainage of an area of the lung
C. Right ventricular failure
D. High concentration of plasma proteins
5. During exercise:
A. Blood flow is uniform throughout the lung
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38-2
B. Lung diffusing capacity increases because blood flow is continuous in all pulmonary
capillaries
C. Pulmonary blood volume decreases
D. The transit time of blood in the pulmonary capillaries does not change from rest
6. Blood flow in the lung:
A. Is uniform in apical and basal regions in the supine position
B. Not affected by positive pressure breathing
C. Is not influenced by left atrial pressure
D. Is independent of nervous system control
7. A 54-year-old woman with advanced emphysema due to long-term cigarette smoking is
admitted to hospital due to shortness of breath. She is diagnosed with pulmonary
hypertension. Her arterial blood gases are:
pO2 = 55 mmHg
pCO2 = 75 mmHg
pH = 7.3
What is the cause of the pulmonary hypertension in this person?
A. Increased alveolar pCO2
B. Increased sympathetic tone
C. Decreased parasympathetic tone
D. Decreased alveolar pO2
E. Increased thoracic volume
8. Following a mild left-sided heart attack the lack of a formation of pulmonary edema
would be due to:
A. A decrease in lymphatic pumping
B. A washout of the interstitial proteins
C. An increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
D. A decrease in pulmonary capillary pressure
9. Going from a quiet, standing position to climbing a set of stairs which of the following
conditions will be present?
Apical Flow Basal Flow
A.
B.
C.
D.
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E.
F.
10. A cardiac catheterization is done in a healthy person. The blood sample withdrawn from
the catheter shows 60% oxygen saturation, and the pressure recording shows oscillations
from a maximum of 26 mmHg to a minimum of 14 mmHg. Where was the catheter tip
located?
A. Ductus arteriosus
B. Foramen ovale
C. Left atrium
D. Pulmonary artery
E. Right atrium
11. Within zone II, flow occurs:
A. During diastole only
B. During systole only
C. During systole and diastole
D. Periodically during diastole
12. Pulmonary edema forms preferentially at the base of the lung because:
A. pO2 is less at the base
B. pCO2 is higher at the base
C. Intravascular pressure is greater at the base
D. Vascular resistance is higher at the base
13. If the mean pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures are 20 and 8 mmHg, respectively,
and total blood flow is 5 L/min, what is the pulmonary vascular resistance?
A. 0.4 mmHg/L/min
B. 1.2 mmHg/L/min
C. 2.4 mmHg/L/min
D. 3.6 mmHg/L/min
14. Blood flow to the lungs is best described as being:
A. Finely regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system
B. Finely regulated by the sympathetic nervous system
C. Higher at the base than at the apex of the upright lung
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D. Directed mainly to areas that are hypoxic
E. Constant throughout the duration of the respiratory cycle
15. A 25-year-old man has suffered a gun shot wound to his abdomen and has a dropping
blood pressure due to hemorrhage. Which of the following statements about his condition
is correct?
A. As his cardiac output and blood pressure drop, he will decrease the number of zone I
regions in his lung
B. If he sits upright, he will decrease the number of zone I regions in his lung
C. The V/Q in the zone I regions of his lung is very low
D. His physiologic dead space is increasing because of an increase in zone I regions of
his lung