53) The genetically identical organisms that result from asexual reproduction are called
A) clones.
B) seeds.
C) seedlings.
D) rootlets.
54) Which of the following is an advantage of cloning horticultural crops over sexual
propagation?
A) Cloned plants are healthier and less susceptible to disease.
B) Cloning plants can allow growers to produce large numbers of plants with minimal effort and
expense.
C) Cloned plants grow more slowly but have stronger stems.
D) Cloning provides more variation in flower color and size.
55) Which of the following is a disadvantage of cloning as a propagation technique?
A) Cloning produces monocultures that can potentially be wiped out by a single disease.
B) Cloning is more expensive and more difficult than growing from seeds.
C) Cloning is time-consuming, with slow results.
D) Cloned organisms are dangerous and unpredictable.
56) Foreign genes can be inserted into a single plant cell that is then cultured to produce
A) a genetically modified plant.
B) genetically modified seeds.
C) a new plant species.
D) clones of the organisms from which the genes were taken.
57) What is the evolutionary advantage of the very long life span of some plants?
A) the ability to adapt to changing environments
B) the ability to develop resistance to many diseases
C) the ability to produce many offspring over many years
D) the ability to grow back after being damaged
58) One assumption about plant reproduction is that because it requires so many resources
(energy and molecules), reproductive output is resource-limited. Which of the following
statements provides evidence that this assumption may be incorrect?
A) There is a correlation between the amount of sunlight a plant receives and how much fruit it
produces.
B) Hand-pollinated plants produce more seeds than naturally pollinated plants.
C) Plants growing in moist conditions produce more flowers than plants growing in dry
conditions.
D) Domesticated plants produce more seeds than wild plants.
59) In which of the following situations would plant reproduction be most likely to be pollinator-
limited?
A) a very large field of a single crop covering a large area
B) a field of wildflowers in a very cold region
C) a species of plant with a very long growing season
D) plants that produce large fruits
60) A number of studies have found that for many plants there is an increase in seed production
under conditions of elevated carbon dioxide levels. Which of the following is a likely
explanation for this phenomenon?
A) The energy needed to produce seeds comes from carbon dioxide.
B) The carbon needed to produce new plant molecules through photosynthesis requires carbon
dioxide.
C) Increased carbon dioxide levels cause increased cell respiration, which is needed to produce
more seeds.
D) Increased carbon dioxide causes increased plant heating, which speeds up seed production.
61) Aspen trees are the most widely distributed tree in North America. A forest of many aspen
trees, some of which may be tens of thousands of years old, is actually one single clone. Which
of the following is likely to be the greatest threat to the long-term survival of aspen forests?
A) insects, which may bore holes in the stems of trees
B) climate change, which alters aspen trees’ typical environment from the usual moist and cool to
dry and warm
C) a fungus that is often found associated with roots of some trees in the stand
D) lack of pollinators
62) In Utah there is a clone of aspen trees that covers over 100 acres. Such clones can be
considered to be a single plant with many stems. It appears that the first stem of this clone
originated over 80,000 years ago, even before there were humans in North America. Which of
the following likely contributes most to the long-term survival (long life span) of aspens?
A) If parts of the organism (clone) are damaged, there are still other parts that can continue
growing.
B) All parts of the clone carry the same genes.
C) A shared root system means that all stems receive the same nourishment.
D) Sexual reproduction can occur more frequently in clones.
63) The part of corn that is used for fuel or food is the
A) fruit.
B) root.
C) zygote.
D) flower.
64) A florist assembles a bouquet of flowers from the following:
1. lilies, which have long leaves with parallel veins
2. Queen Anne’s lace, also known as wild carrot because of its large taproot
3. buttercups, with their five lovely yellow petals
4. new shoots of daisies with two small cotyledons
This bunch of flowers contains
A) one eudicot and three monocots.
B) two eudicots and two monocots.
C) three eudicots and one monocot.
D) all eudicots and no monocots.
65) A 20-foot-tall tree that seemed to have stopped growing was cut down by the forester who
had planted it 43 years earlier, who was concerned that it might be diseased. Measurements over
the past 10 years had shown that the tree’s height varied only 2 or 3 inches each year, some years
with a height increase and some years with a height decrease. Other data indicated that the tree
had 41 rings of similar width and had produced similar numbers of nuts every year for the last 30
years. Based on these data, which conclusion was most likely a part of the forester’s report on the
tree’s health?
A) All growth in this tree stopped 10 years ago.
B) This was a healthy tree that had reached its mature height but otherwise continued normal
growth.
C) Overactivity of the tree’s apical meristems likely caused the stunted growth.
D) The tree did not grow taller because it was putting all of its energy production into nut
production.
31.2 Art Questions
1) Which part of this root tip is the apical meristem?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
2) Which part of this seed contains stored food that allows the seed to grow until it can perform
photosynthesis?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
20
3) Which structure in the image has a different number of chromosomes than the others?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
4) In which structure will meiosis occur?
A) structure A
B) the petals of the flower
C) structure C
D) structure D
5) Which structure is the result of double fertilization?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
6) This image represents monocots and eudicots. Which column shows traits that are incorrectly
categorized?
A) column A
B) column B
C) column C
D) column D
7) Which of the following statements, according to this figure, is true?
A) The efficiency of corn production (yield per area) in the United States has increased more
than global efficiency.
B) The efficiency of global corn production (yield per area) has increased more than efficiency
in the United States.
C) Global production efficiency was greater prior to 1980 than since 1980.
D) The efficiency of U.S. production has decreased.
8) In the figure above, which structure allows sufficient water to enter the leaf?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
9) In the figure above, which structures ensure that too much water does not leave the leaf?
A) structures A and B
B) structures B and C
C) structures C and D
D) structures D and A
10) In the figure above, which structure transports the products of photosynthesis?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
11) In the figure above, which structure can change to regulate the amount of CO2 entering the
leaf?
A) structure A
B) structure B
C) structure C
D) structure D
12) In the figure above, if the leaf is like a solar panel receiving light energy and converting it to
another form of energy, structure A is like what part of the solar panel?
A) the clear covering that allows sunlight in where it can be converted to another type of energy
B) the wires leading the transformed energy to the point of energy use or storage
C) the point of attachment of the solar panel to a rooftop
D) the cells in the panel that trap light energy
31.3 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow
The redwood groves in Northern California are one of America’s greatest natural resources.
Redwoods can live more than 2,000 years and grow taller than 350 feet. When tourism became
popular in the late 1800s, large tunnels were cut through the center of several of these giant trees
to allow wagons to pass through (and to attract tourists to the location). Even today, visitors wait
in line to be photographed driving their cars through a tunnel. When the groves were converted
into national parks, the tunneling was discontinued, but several tunneled trees are still alive.
1) Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of tissues a tunnel would pass through
(starting from the outer surface of the tree and passing through the central core)?
A) cork, cork cambium, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, sapwood, heartwood
B) epidermis, cortex, primary phloem, primary xylem, heartwood, sapwood
C) heartwood, wood rays, cork cambium, secondary xylem, secondary phloem, vascular
cambium
D) bark, wood rays, growth rings, lateral meristems, primary phloem, secondary phloem
2) When the redwood tunnels were first constructed, not much consideration was given to the
long-term effects of a tunnel on a tree‘s health. Nevertheless, many trees have survived more than
100 years after a tunnel was cut through their trunks. This is possible because
A) the wood rays run laterally through the trunk, so water and nutrients can still travel to all the
tree’s tissues.
B) the remaining heartwood is able to transport water and nutrients through the trunk.
C) the secondary xylem and phloem run vertically on either side of the vascular cambium and are
not completely disrupted by the tunnel.
D) mature cork cells are dead, so their loss does not disrupt nutrient and water transport.