Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 5e (Krogh)
Chapter 30 Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath
1) The human cardiovascular system is comparable in some ways to a car’s:
A) engine.
B) electrical system.
C) cooling system.
D) transmission system.
2) What is the relationship of bone marrow to the cardiovascular system?
A) Bone marrow produces red blood cells.
B) Bone marrow helps keep the blood moving through the body.
C) Bone marrow produces chemicals that help carry carbon dioxide in the blood.
D) Bone marrow breaks down old blood cells.
3) The formed elements account for about what percentage of the total volume of blood?
A) 100 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 10 percent
4) Which of the following may be found in blood plasma?
A) water, proteins, nutrients, and ions
B) water, proteins, and ions
C) water and proteins
D) water
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5) If a person is unable to clot blood properly, which of the following might be lacking?
A) platelets
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) ions
6) Many people regularly donate plasma. Which of the following substances is not given when
the plasma is donated?
A) electrolytes
B) antibodies
C) water
D) red blood cells
7) Which blood component is made of fragments of cells rather than a complete cell?
A) red blood cells
B) platelets
C) white blood cells
D) plasma
8) Formed elements in the blood consist of all the parts below except:
A) plasma proteins.
B) white blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) red blood cells.
9) Erythrocyte is another term for:
A) plasma protein.
B) white blood cell.
C) platelet.
D) red blood cell.
10) If someone has an iron deficiency in the diet, which part of the blood would this mainly
impact?
A) plasma proteins
B) red blood cells
C) platelets
D) white blood cells
11) Why do new red blood cells survive for only a few months?
A) The heart pumps red blood cells so often that their membranes deteriorate.
B) The oxygen that red blood cells carry damages their organelles.
C) Red blood cells do not have most organelles or a nucleus.
D) The hemoglobin that red blood cells carry is toxic.
12) Which of the following best describes High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)?
A) HDLs are transport proteins that carry lipids from tissues to the liver.
B) HDLs are transport proteins that carry lipids from the liver to tissues.
C) HDLs are large versions of the cholesterol molecule.
D) HDLs are critical components to the oxygen-carrying ability of red blood cells.
13) Which of the following is true of the relationship of red blood cells to the other formed
elements?
A) Red blood cells make up about half of the formed elements.
B) Red blood cells make up over 99 percent of the formed elements.
C) Red blood cells are the only formed element not made in bone marrow.
D) Red blood cells are the most important formed element involved in blood clotting.
E) Red blood cells are the only formed element without a plasma membrane.
14) Which of the following best describes fibrinogen?
A) Fibrinogen is the connective tissue in the wall of an artery.
B) Fibrinogen is the protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule.
C) Fibrinogen is a transport lipoprotein that carries cholesterol.
D) Fibrinogen is a lipid found in platelets.
E) Fibrinogen is a plasma protein involved in clotting.
15) Which vessels are structurally suited for the central purpose of allowing substances to pass in
and out of them through their entire lengths?
A) arterioles
B) veins
C) arteries
D) capillaries
E) semilunar valves
16) Veins always carry blood:
A) toward the heart.
B) toward the capillaries.
C) away from the lungs.
D) away from the heart.
17) People with high blood pressure often take medication to lower blood pressure. Some of
these medications might do this by:
A) increasing the blood volume.
B) relaxing the smooth muscles in the arteries.
C) opening the valves in the veins.
D) increasing the number of platelets in the blood.
18) The outer layer of an artery or vein is composed of:
A) epithelium.
B) smooth muscle.
C) connective tissue.
D) cartilage.
19) What happens when the diameter of an artery decreases?
A) Its semilunar valves open.
B) Its epithelial cells stretch.
C) The heart rate decreases.
D) The blood pressure decreases.
E) The blood pressure increases.
20) Blood flow from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart is known as the:
A) pericardial circulation.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) coronary circulation.
D) systemic circulation.
21) Which structure contains deoxygenated blood?
A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) aorta
D) pulmonary vein
E) pulmonary artery
22) A heart murmur would be associated with the malfunction of which structure?
A) aorta
B) pacemaker
C) heart muscle
D) atrioventricular valves
E) heart epithelial tissue
23) Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs?
A) left ventricle
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right atrium
24) Which vein in the body carries oxygenated blood?
A) coronary vein
B) superior vena cava
C) inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary vein
E) Veins never carry oxygenated blood.
25) Nerve-like muscle cells that function as the heart’s pacemaker are found in the:
A) left ventricle.
B) right ventricle.
C) coronary arteries.
D) atrioventricular valves.
E) sinoatrial node.
26) When a doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart and hears the lub-dub sound, she is
actually listening to the:
A) valves in the heart closing.
B) blood surging through the arteries.
C) contraction of the cardiac muscle in the ventricles.
D) electrical signals that control heartbeat.
27) Which chamber of the heart is connected to the aorta?
A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) left atrium
28) Why is the left side of the heart stronger than the right side of the heart?
A) The left side pumps blood to the right side of the body, which has more muscle mass.
B) The left side receives more oxygen from the lungs.
C) The right side pumps only to the lungs, and the left side pumps blood around the whole body.
D) The right side pumps blood only to the brain, and the left side pumps blood around the whole
body.
29) The coronary arteries that bring blood to the heart branch off from the:
A) aorta.
B) vena cava.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary vein.
30) Which factor contributes to plaque formation in coronary arteries?
A) inflammation of the lining where LDLs have attached
B) inflammation of the lining where HDLs have attached
C) protein deposits in the interior
D) fat cells clogging the interior
31) Which of the following will raise HDL and lower LDL levels?
A) exercise
B) replacing unsaturated fat in the diet with saturated fat
C) drinking more milk
D) stopping the use of anti-inflammatory medications
32) In an area that has been “set up” for a heart attack by plaque formation, what is the most
direct final trigger likely to be?
A) a sudden rise in HDL levels
B) a sudden drop in LDL levels
C) thinning of the blood
D) blood clot formation in the swollen area
E) eating a fatty meal
33) What relationship between LDLs and HDLs is the healthiest?
A) high levels of both HDLs and LDLs
B) high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
C) low levels of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
D) low levels of both HDLs and LDLs
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34) Which of the following usually drain blood from a capillary bed?
A) arteries
B) venules
C) veins
D) arterioles
35) Some of the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries is pulled back nearer to the end of the
capillary bed by:
A) higher blood pressure in the capillaries.
B) suction from valves.
C) higher osmotic pressure in the capillaries.
D) low interstitial fluid pressure.
36) What force is most important in returning blood back to the heart in the veins?
A) contraction of the skeletal muscles in the body
B) contraction of the ventricles on the heart
C) gravity
D) osmotic pressure of proteins in the blood
37) Which is the best description of the function of the respiratory system?
A) delivers carbon dioxide to the blood
B) fills the lungs with air
C) facilitates gas exchange between the environment and body cells
D) delivers oxygen to the blood
38) The tiny air sacs of the lungs are called:
A) bronchi.
B) trachea.
C) alveoli.
D) bronchioles.
39) The combination of large numbers and small size collectively gives alveoli what
characteristic that is essential to their function?
A) low air resistance
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B) easy inflatability
C) low surface area
D) high surface area
40) The movement of air in and out of the lungs is called:
A) cellular respiration.
B) ventilation.
C) external respiration.
D) internal respiration.
41) When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity ________, and you ________.
A) gets larger; exhale
B) gets larger; inhale
C) gets smaller; inhale
D) gets smaller; exhale
42) During gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide always move:
A) down their concentration gradients.
B) into the alveoli.
C) out of the blood.
D) into the blood.
43) Most of the oxygen in human blood is:
A) carried in the plasma membrane of red blood cells.
B) carried on albumin.
C) carried in hemoglobin.
D) dissolved in the plasma.
44) The blood consists entirely of blood cells and water.
45) Water and plasma proteins make up about 99 percent of blood plasma.
46) Because they are cell fragments, not cells, platelets are a component of plasma, not a formed
element.
47) Ions in plasma are also known as electrolytes.
48) Arteries always carry blood that is oxygen rich.
49) Veins are smaller blood vessels than capillaries.
50) Blood in the pulmonary arteries is moving toward the heart.
51) The stimuli for contraction of the heart come from within the heart rather than from the
nervous system.
52) The left ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery.
53) Inflammation is a typical part of the initial process that can result in a heart attack.
54) Blockage of the aorta is the most common fatal heart attack.
55) Some proteins are too large to leave the capillaries.
56) Valves in veins are important features that help keep blood moving back toward the heart.
57) Capillaries are essentially water-tight vessels, so nutrients and gases diffuse in and out, but
water stays put.
58) The trachea branches into left and right bronchioles.
59) When the thoracic cavity gets smaller, the pressure inside the lungs increases.
60) Contraction of the diaphragm causes exhalation to occur.
61) Pulmonary ventilation occurs because of pressure differences between the lungs and the
external environment.
Match the following.
A) pumps blood to the aorta
B) receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C) pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries
D) receives blood from the superior vena cava
62) Right atrium
Topic: Section 30.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
63) Right ventricle
Topic: Section 30.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
64) Left atrium
Topic: Section 30.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
65) Left ventricle
Topic: Section 30.4
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Match the following.
A) “windpipe”
B) “upper throat”
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) “voice box”
66) Alveoli
Topic: Section 30.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
67) Pharynx
Topic: Section 30.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
68) Bronchioles
Topic: Section 30.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
69) Trachea
Topic: Section 30.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
70) Larynx
Topic: Section 30.7
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
71) The technical term for a white blood cell is ________.
72) A friend has been asked to be a bone marrow donor for her sister. She tells you that her sister
has low red blood cell counts that drop more every day. Your friend doesn’t understand why
blood transfusion wouldn’t work without having to do a bone marrow treatment. How would you
explain the need for the bone marrow donation to your friend?
73) What technique is used to separate blood into plasma and formed elements?
74) Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
75) Why does exchange occur only in capillaries and not in arteries or veins?
76) List the pathway a single red blood cell would follow from the superior vena cava to the
lungs.
77) Arteries branch into smaller and smaller arteries until they become small-diameter ________
that enter the capillary bed.
78) An athletic friend of yours recently had a blood test, asked for a copy of the report, and
looked up numbers for his “total cholesterol,” or combined LDL/HDL numbers. An online
source lists his total as slightly high. He says, “My doctor’s a quack! He told me my cholesterol
was fine!” You press your friend for more details and come to understand that his LDL levels are
within the healthy range, but his HDL levels are higher than average. What do you say to your
friend to help him understand his doctor’s comments?
79) Particularly with regard to gas exchange, why do we have respiratory and cardiovascular
systems, but flatworms, which are only a few cells thick, don’t?
80) Prepare an argument for why the following statement is incorrect: The formed elements are
the only important part of blood, and plasma is just the water they’re carried in.
81) Discuss the effects of holding one’s breath for more than a minute.
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).
82) Which drawing, A, B, or C, depicts a formed element involved in the body’s immune
response?
83) Which drawing, A, B, or C, depicts a formed element involved in gas exchange?
84) Which drawing, A, B, or C, depicts a formed element important in clotting?