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Chapter 3—Caring for Your Mind
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Neuropsychiatry is the scientific field that studies the brain and the ____.
a.
body
b.
mind
c.
spirit
d.
psyche
2. The basic working units of the brain are called ____.
a.
glia
b.
nuclei
c.
axon terminals
d.
neurons
3. ____ serve as scaffolding for the brain.
a.
Glia
b.
Nuclei
c.
Axon terminals
d.
Neurons
4. New brain cells are formed ____.
a.
only in infancy
b.
through childhood
c.
until puberty ends
d.
throughout one’s life
5. The ____ controls movement, balance, and posture.
a.
medulla
b.
brainstem
c.
cerebrum
d.
cerebellum
6. ____ are the branching nerve fibers of a neuron that receive electric impulses.
a.
Dendrites
b.
Axons
c.
Glia
d.
Receptors
7. Nerve impulses from the brain travel down the ____ to relay electric message impulses.
a.
axon
b.
dendrite
c.
neuron
d.
glia
8. Chemicals that are released by the neurons to stimulate or inhibit the action of other neurons are
known as ____.
a.
receptors
b.
receivers
c.
neurotransmitters
d.
glia
9. The____ controls breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.
a.
axon terminal
b.
dendrite
c.
brainstem
d.
nucleus
10. Which neurotransmitter has been shown to affect mood and behavior?
a.
melatonin
b.
seratonin
c.
dopamine
d.
monoamine
11. A malfunction in the release of a neurotransmitter indicates that the individual will likely have ____.
a.
abnormal thinking or feeling behaviors
b.
major bipolar disorders
c.
neuron loss and brain atrophy
d.
dysfunction of the heart rate and breathing
12. The brains of teens rely more on the ____.
a.
brainstem
b.
frontal cortex
c.
cerebrum
d.
amygdala
13. How much does the average human brain weigh?
a.
one pound
b.
two pounds
c.
three pounds
d.
four pounds
14. Which statement best describes sex differences in the brain?
a.
Women’s eyes are more sensitive to light.
b.
Men hear a much broader range of sound.
c.
Women have more neurons in areas responsible for language.
d.
Men tend to respond more intensely to emotions.
15. A person who has ____ personality may be more prone to high blood pressure and high cholesterol
levels.
a.
Type A
b.
Type B
c.
Type C
d.
Type D
16. What is one of the strongest factors that places college students at risk for mental problems?
a.
sexual-identity crisis
b.
stress
c.
homesickness
d.
romantic breakup
17. Which age group has the highest rate of mental disorder?
a.
18-25 years
b.
26-34 years
c.
35-44 years
d.
45-54 years
18. Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of mental disorders?
a.
Whites
b.
Blacks
c.
American Indians
d.
Asians
19. Having consistent feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, and sadness are distinguishing characteristics of
which of the following?
a.
anxiety
b.
phobias
c.
major depression
d.
panic disorder
20. Which condition is characterized by experiencing feelings of great energy and euphoria alternating
with feelings of depression and despair?
a.
major depression
b.
panic attacks
c.
bipolar disorder
d.
acrophobia
21. Bipolar disorder is ____.
a.
more commonly seen in men
b.
not treatable
c.
commonly referred to as dysthymia
d.
marked by depression and states of acute irritability
22. An irrational, intense, and persistent fear of certain objects is known as ____.
a.
a panic attack
b.
a phobia
c.
anxiety
d.
an obsession
23. What is a characteristic symptom of a phobia?
a.
reasonable fear of a specific object
b.
ability to function normally despite a fear
c.
recognition that a fear is reasonable
d.
avoidance of a feared object
24. Claustrophobia is the fear of ____.
a.
flying
b.
closed spaces
c.
heights
d.
snakes
25. What is the best treatment for someone with a fear of heights?
a.
an SSRI
b.
a psychiatric drug
c.
interpersonal therapy
d.
behavioral therapy
26. Byron's heart is racing for no reason and he is hyperventilating. This is symptomatic of which
disorder?
a.
schizophrenia
b.
panic attack
c.
bipolar disorder
d.
major depression
27. Within how many minutes do panic attacks normally reach peak intensity?
a.
5 minutes
b.
10 minutes
c.
15 minutes
d.
20 minutes
28. What is the primary choice for treating panic attacks?
a.
systematic desensitization
b.
cognitive-behavior therapy
c.
hospitalization
d.
hypnotherapy
29. Generalized anxiety disorder is an unrealistic apprehension that causes physical symptoms and lasts
for more than ____.
a.
six days
b.
six weeks
c.
six months
d.
six years
30. How many American adults suffer from generalized anxiety disorder?
a.
5 million
b.
10 million
c.
15 million
d.
20 million
31. Which phrase best describes an obsession?
a.
an unrealistic apprehension that causes physical symptoms
b.
a recurring thought, idea, or image that is initially senseless
c.
repetitive behavior performed according to certain rules
d.
irrational, intense fear of certain objects
32. Which phrase best describes a compulsion?
a.
an unrealistic apprehension that causes physical symptoms
b.
a recurring thought, idea, or image that is initially senseless
c.
repetitive behavior performed according to certain rules
d.
irrational, intense fear of certain objects
33. An individual who feels the need to check and recheck repeatedly whether or not the stove was turned
off is probably suffering from ____.
a.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
b.
bipolar disorder
c.
generalized anxiety disorder
d.
major depression
34. The most common mental disorder in childhood is ____.
a.
OCD
b.
ADHD
c.
depression
d.
schizophrenia
35. Which statement best describes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
a.
ADHD looks the same in adults as it does in children.
b.
ADHD can effectively be treated with psychological therapies.
c.
ADHD is usually outgrown by age 18.
d.
ADHD can be treated with stimulants.
36. Schizophrenia mainly affects one's sense of ____.
a.
perception
b.
feelings
c.
sexual libido
d.
reality
37. The vast majority of people with schizophrenia are treated with ____.
a.
psychotherapy
b.
hypnosis
c.
anti-psychotic drugs
d.
hospitalization
38. Schizophrenia is linked most to ____.
a.
genetics
b.
social conditioning
c.
upbringing
d.
traumatic experiences
39. What percentage of autistic individuals also have another mental disorder requiring treatment?
a.
35%
b.
46%
c.
57%
d.
70%
40. Which of the following would be considered the biggest risk factor for suicide?
a.
substance abuse
b.
obsessions
c.
compulsive behaviors
d.
gender
41. Which type of therapist is also a medical doctor allowed to prescribe medications?
a.
social worker
b.
psychologist
c.
counselor
d.
psychiatrist
42. Which type of therapist must be licensed in most states?
a.
psychologists
b.
life coaches
c.
hypnotherapists
d.
pastoral counselors
43. The most common goal of psychotherapy is to ____.
a.
eliminate all anxiety disorders
b.
introduce the patient to alternative mood-mind products
c.
relive past events
d.
improve quality of life
44. Which psychotherapy technique utilizes the patient's earliest experience and unconscious influences?
a.
cognitive-behavioral therapy
b.
interpersonal therapy
c.
behavioral therapy
d.
psychodynamic therapy
45. Which type of therapy strives to substitute healthier patterns for maladaptive patterns?
a.
cognitive-based therapy
b.
psychodynamic therapy
c.
behavioral therapy
d.
interpersonal therapy
COMPLETION
1. The master control center for the body is the ____________________.
2. The ____________________ is the central part of the cell that is contained in the cell body of a
neuron.
3. The____________________ plays a major role in coordinating movement, balance and posture.
4. ____________________ medications are drugs that boost serotonin levels.
5. The worldwide rate of depression among women is ____________________ percent higher than in
men.
6. Some have proposed that people with a(n) ____________________ personality may suppress negative
emotions such as anger.
7. The strongest predictor of ___________________ in teens is cigarette smoking.
8. Contrary to popular belief, ____________________ does not protect women from depression.
9. ____________________ consists of mood swings that may take individuals from manic states of
feeling euphoric and energetic to depressive states of utter despair.
10. ____________________ are common yet often undetected psychiatric disorders.
11. ____________________ are the most prevalent type of anxiety disorder.
12. ____________________ is the best treatment for relieving phobias.
13. A(n) ____________________ is a repetitive behavior performed according to certain rules over and
over.
14. ____________________ is the most common mental disorder in childhood.
15. ____________________ is a disorder characterized by a chronically depressed mood.
16. ____________________ helps people pinpoint the life problems that contribute to their depression.
17. Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists do not prescribe ____________________.
18. ____________________ is based on the assumption that an individual’s relationship to their family is
vital for the successful management of their illness.
19. A type of psychotherapy that focuses on inappropriate or inaccurate thoughts is known as
____________________.
20. _________________________ medications have become the drugs of choice for treating depression.
MATCHING
Match the items to the most appropriate description:
a.
psychodynamic
f.
psychotherapy
b.
autism
g.
behavioral therapy
c.
cognitive therapy
h.
bipolar disorder
d.
dysthymia
i.
interpersonal therapy
e.
major depression
j.
generalized anxiety disorder
1. Treatment designed to produce response by psychological rather than physical means
2. Interpreting behaviors in terms of early experiences and unconscious influences
3. Technique used to identify a person's beliefs and attitudes
4. Social and communication impairment
5. Sadness that does not end
6. Technique that emphasizes substituting desirable responses for undesirable ones
7. Severe depression alternating with periods of manic activity
8. Techniques used to develop communication skills and relationships
9. An anxiety disorder characterized as chronic distress
10. Disorder characterized by a chronically depressed mood
ESSAY
1. Describe the anatomy of brain messaging, or how neurons "talk" to each other. Discuss the role of
neurotransmitters and neurons in this process.
2. Discuss at least five characteristics of a mentally healthy individual.
3. Compare and contrast the symptoms and features of three types of anxiety disorder.
4. Define schizophrenia and describe five symptoms.
5. Describe at least five factors that could predict the possibility that a person would commit suicide.
