Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells
3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Lactose intolerance is the inability to
A) produce milk proteins.
B) produce lactose.
C) digest cellulose.
D) digest lactose.
2) Lactose intolerance
A) is common in people of all ages, from infancy to adulthood.
B) is most common in people of European descent.
C) can currently be treated by gene therapy to treat the underlying cause.
D) does not affect the consumption of beverages made from soy or rice.
3) Organic compounds
A) always contain nitrogen.
B) are synthesized only by animal cells.
C) always contain carbon.
D) always contain oxygen.
4) Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?
A) Carbon has a tendency to form covalent bonds.
B) Carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms.
C) Carbon has the capacity to form single and double bonds.
D) Carbon has the ability to bond together to form extensive branched or unbranched “carbon
skeletons.”
5) Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?
A) Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds.
B) Hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
C) Hydrocarbons consist of atoms linked by single or double bonds.
D) Hydrocarbons can form straight, branched, or ringed structures.
6) Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have
A) the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.
B) different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties.
C) the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.
D) the same molecular formula but represent different states of the compound.
7) A hydroxyl group is
A) also called a carbonyl group.
B) characteristic of proteins.
C) characteristic of alcohols.
D) composed of two oxygen atoms.
8) Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
A) -C-O
B) –OH
C) –NH2
D) -COOH
9) Which of the following is an amino group?
A) –OH
B) –NH2
C) -COOH
D) –CO
10) Which of the following statements about the functional groups of organic compounds is
false?
A) Functional groups may help make organic compounds hydrophilic.
B) Many biological molecules have two or more functional groups.
C) Functional groups participate in chemical reactions.
D) All functional groups include a carbon atom.
11) Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?
A) amino acid
B) fat
C) sugar
D) vinegar
12) Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression?
A) –OH
B) -COOH
C) –CO
D) –CH3
13) Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living
organisms is false?
A) Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and
a few other ingredients that are rare.
B) The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
C) Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
D) Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
14) Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?
A) One monomer loses a hydrogen atom, and the other loses a hydroxyl group.
B) H2O is formed as the monomers are joined.
C) Covalent bonds are formed between the monomers.
D) Animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food.
15) The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
A) condensation.
B) hydrolysis.
C) polymerization.
D) the addition of an amino group.
16) What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?
A) to promote the synthesis of monomers
B) to induce chemical reactions
C) to stop chemical reactions
D) to speed up chemical reactions
17) The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of
A) CH3O.
B) CH2O.
C) CHO.
D) CHO2.
18) A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)
A) oil.
B) steroid.
C) protein.
D) polysaccharide.
19) Many names for sugars end in the suffix
A) -acid.
B) -ose.
C) -hyde.
D) -ase.
20) Sucrose is formed
A) from two glucose molecules.
B) from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.
C) when ionic bonds link two monosaccharides.
D) when glucose and lactose are combined.
21) A disaccharide forms when
A) two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
B) two starches join by dehydration synthesis.
C) two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis.
D) two starches join by hydrolysis.
22) High-fructose corn syrup is made from corn. The main carbohydrate in corn is a
polysaccharide called
A) fructose.
B) starch.
C) hydrocarbon.
D) cellulose.
23) Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?
A) sucrose, starch, and cellulose
B) starch, amino acids, and glycogen
C) cellulose, starch, and glycogen
D) fructose, cellulose, and glucose
24) Cellulose differs from starch in that
A) starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.
B) most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
C) starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers.
D) cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched.
25) Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from
A) plants.
B) dairy products.
C) red meats.
D) fish.
26) Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
A) they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose.
B) they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down.
C) their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms.
D) they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract.
27) The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
A) starch; glycogen
B) glycogen; starch
C) cellulose; glycogen
D) glycogen; cellulose
28) Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?
A) animals and plants
B) plants and bacteria
C) fungi and insects
D) insects and plants
29) An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
A) adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
B) removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.
C) removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
D) cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.
30) A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk
for atherosclerosis. This is because
A) most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high
levels of steroids.
B) most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal products
contain high levels of phospholipids.
C) most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines
contain high levels of unsaturated fats.
D) most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high
levels of trans fats.
31) What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?
A) Fats have carboxyl groups.
B) Fats include one glycerol molecule.
C) Fats have polar fatty acids.
D) Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.
32) Fatty acids are
A) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
B) composed of carbon, hydrogen, glycerol, and a phosphate group.
C) hydrophobic.
D) composed of four linked rings.
33) Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?
A) Triglycerides consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule.
B) Triglycerides play a role in energy storage.
C) Triglycerides are a type of fat.
D) Triglycerides are hydrophilic.
34) Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
A) unsaturated.
B) saturated.
C) completely hydrogenated.
D) monoglycerides.
35) The development of atherosclerotic disease can result from a diet high in
A) fiber.
B) protein.
C) saturated fats.
D) sugars.
36) If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic
disease, you would use olive oil that
A) is liquid at room temperature.
B) is hydrogenated.
C) is modified to be solid at room temperature.
D) has lard added to it.
37) Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false?
A) Fats are a form of lipid that function to store energy.
B) Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.
C) Many lipids function as enzymes.
D) Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a component of cell membranes and steroid hormones.
38) A phospholipid is composed of
A) one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
B) one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
C) one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups.
D) one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
39) Which of the following substances is made of lipids?
A) DNA
B) cellulose
C) steroids
D) enzymes
40) A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is
A) triglycerides.
B) phospholipids.
C) glycerol.
D) waxes.
41) Which of the following statements about anabolic steroids is false?
A) They cause a general buildup of muscle mass.
B) They often cause the body to reduce its normal output of sex hormones.
C) They promote bone growth.
D) They can stimulate mood swings and violent behavior.
42) Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
A) the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.
B) the chemical properties of their R groups.
C) the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.
D) the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.
43) Proteins differ from one another because
A) the peptide bonds linking amino acids differ from protein to protein.
B) the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.
C) each protein contains its own unique sequence of sugar molecules.
D) the number of nucleotides found in each protein varies from molecule to molecule.
44) Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
A) oils
B) amino acids
C) fatty acids
D) monosaccharides
45) Peptide bonds
A) are used to form amino acids.
B) form between fatty acids.
C) are formed by a hydrolysis reaction.
D) link amino acids.
46) Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?
A) They increase the rate of chemical reactions.
B) They function as chemical catalysts.
C) They regulate virtually all chemical reactions in a cell.
D) They are monomers used to build proteins.
47) Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?
A) cholesterol
B) starch
C) an enzyme
D) cellulose
48) Structural proteins
A) include receptor molecules.
B) include hemoglobin.
C) are found in hair and tendons.
D) include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white.
49) A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with
radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be
examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?
A) the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem
B) the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem
C) the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem
D) the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem
50) Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is
denatured?
A) the shape of the protein
B) the function of the protein
C) the number of amino acids in the protein
D) the binding properties of the protein
51) Proteins cannot be denatured by
A) heat.
B) changes in pH.
C) changes in salt concentration.
D) freezing.
52) The primary structure of a protein is
A) an alpha helix or a pleated sheet.
B) the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.
C) composed of two or more polypeptide chains.
D) maintained by hydrogen bonds.