Chapter 3 The Receptor Site and the Process of Neurotransmission

subject Type Homework Help
subject Pages 7
subject Words 1745
subject Textbook Concepts of Chemical Dependency 9th Edition
subject Authors Harold E. Doweiko
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1. Drugs that are abused comprise a special class of chemicals that are different from drugs that are used
pharmaceutically.​
a. True
b. False
2. The ______ effect of a drug is the desired effect.
a. compound
b. placebo
c. secondary
d. primary
3. The ______ effect of a drug is an unwanted side effect.
a. compound
b. placebo
c. secondary
d. primary
4. An advantage of administering a drug parenterally is
a. the drug is not delayed by the stomach emptying process.
b. it avoids the danger of the drug being mixed with food in the GI tract.
c. the drug is not exposed to gastric juices.
d. all of these answers.
5. Theterm“skinpopping”usedbysomedrugaddictsreferstothe___________routeofdrugadministration.
a. subcutaneous
b. intravenous
c. transdermal
d. enteral
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6. Whichprocessisaffectedbyfactorssuchastheindividual’ssex,stateofhydration,geneticheritage,generalhealth,
and muscle/adipose tissue ratio?
a. Peak effect
b. Drug interaction
c. Diffusion
d. Distribution
7. A drug that has a narrow therapeutic window would
a. be easy to overdose.
b. be difficult to overdose.
c. never reach its peak effect.
d. reach its peak effect slowly.
8. Which process helps explains how a drug may change a neuron through shortening the duration of drug effects after
repeated administration?
a. Tolerance/neuroadaptation
b. Reuptake
c. Co-transmission
d. Down regulation
9. Isabel had been taking Valium, a benzodiazepine, for a few years to calm her nerves and help her sleep. She had her
dosageincreasedbyherdoctorbecauseherpreviousdosagewasn’thelpinghersleepatnightanymore.Onenight,
shewentoutwithherhusbandforhiscompany’sannualChristmasparty.Shehadneverbeenmuchofadrinker,but
that evening she wanted to enjoy a few cocktails. She was very careful not to mix her Valium with alcohol, as her
doctor had warned her. Towards the end of the evening, Isabel realized that she had had at least 5 cocktails and
didn’tfeeldrunkatall.Whichtermmaybestdescribewhythishappened?
a. Cross dependence
b. Cross tolerance
c. Up-regulation
d. Co-transmission
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10. Jared is experiencing an overdose of heroin. He is rushed to the hospital and given another drug that blocks his opioid
receptor sites, thus preventing the effects of the overdose from stopping his respiration. Jared was most likely given
an opioid
a. agonist.
b. barrier.
c. antagonist.
d. regulator.
11. According to your text, drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals both
a. destroy emerging potentials within the body.
b. cause a disruption in protein absorption for most persons.
c. destroy most of the essential enzymes found in the brain.
d. modify a potential that already exists in the body or brain.
12. Virtually all drugs of abuse known at this time
a. either once were or now are being investigated as potential pharmaceutical agents.
b. are not very different in chemical structure from earlier generations of recreational chemicals.
c. tend to enhance the function of the central nervous system.
d. are found to have their main effects outside of the central nervous system.
13. According to your text, in order for the user to experience the main effects of a pharmaceutical agent, he or she
must
a. be willing to pay the fee for the prescription.
b. be willing to endure possible side effects from that compound.
c. not plan to use that compound to treat neurological deficiencies or trauma.
d. interpret the effects within the framework of his or her life at the time the compound was ingested.
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14. For virtually all drugs of abuse, the site of action usually
a. is the central nervous system.
b. is on the contralateral side of the body from where it was administered.
c. involves the kidneys during the biotransformation process.
d. depends on how the substance was administered.
15. Which of the following is true regarding drugs of abuse?
a. The speed at which the compound begins to take effect varies as a result of the drug-specific site of action.
b. The heart and cardiovascular system are of minimal importance to the process of biotransformation.
c. The site of action is the central nervous system.
d. Rectal administration is quite common, although it is relatively inefficient.
16. The subcutaneous method of drug administration
a. results in a more rapid onset of action than other methods of drug administration.
b. involves the injection of the compound just under the skin.
c. is the most common method by which narcotic analgesics are abused.
d. results in a more rapid response to the compound being injected than intramuscular injections.
17. All of the following are involved in the process of removing compounds from the body EXCEPT:
a. intravenous administration.
b. absorption.
c. distribution.
d. method of transport.
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18. Which of the following statements is true concerning the bioavailability of chemical compounds related to drug
misuse abuse?
a. There is little known about drug distribution patterns in overdose situations.
b. The main site of biotransformation is the pancreas.
c. The effects of any compound are the same in animals as in humans.
d. The method of administration for a compound does not matter in pharmacokinetics.
19. Which of the following is most accurate in regards to bioavailability?
a. It is concerned with the biotransformation process after a compound is administered into the human body.
b. It forces the body to absorb a compound more rapidly.
c. It is only 1/100,000th of an inch from drug molecules and the circulatory system.
d. It reflects the amount of a compound in the body that can exert an effect.
20. A compound that is 98 percent lipid-bound means
a. 98percentofthatcompound’smoleculeshaveformedchemicalbondswithlipidsfoundintheblood.
b. 98percentofthatcompound’smoleculesareavailableforthebodytouseimmediately.
c. 98 percent of the molecules for that compound are subject to elimination more rapidly because of being in this
state.
d. 2 percent of the drug molecules are not available to have any biological effect.
21. Which of the following is NOT part of the absorption process of drug molecules in the human body?
a. Detoxification
b. Cellular transport mechanisms
c. Method of administration
d. Molecular binding characteristics of that compound
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22. The biotransformation process for pharmaceuticals was once called
a. metabolism.
b. vascularization.
c. absorption.
d. distribution.
23. If95percentoftestsubjectshavethedesiredresponsetomedication“X”atadosagelevelof15mg,thiswouldbe
called
a. the LD95.
b. the ED95.
c. the minimal effective dose.
d. the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 95th percentile.
24. If 99 percent of test subjects have the desired response to the same medication identified in the last question at a
dosage level of 20 mg, this would be called:
a. the LD99.
b. the ED99.
c. the minimal effective dose.
d. the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 99th percentile.
25. Thedosagelevelthatwouldkill5percentofthosepeoplewhotookanoverdoseofmedication“X”(medicationfrom
last question) is 400 mg. This would mean that
a. this compound has a large therapeutic window.
b. this compound has a narrow therapeutic window.
c. the compound is highly toxic.
d. theeliminationofmedication“X”fromtheirbodyatthisdosagelevelwillbedifficultformostpeople.
26. Describetheprocessofbiotransformation​.
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27. ​Describethetermdistributionhalflife,includingitstwosubforms.
28. Definethetermseffectivedoseandlethaldose.Explainhowthesemightbeusedtocalculatethetherapeuticindex​
of a drug.
29. Describetheactionsandeffectsofagonistsandantagonistsonareceptorsites.​
30. ​Discuss,withexamples,thetermsprimeandsideeffectsofchemicalcompounds.

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