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Multiple Choice
1. Keisha’s family consists of her mother, her father, and Keisha. For Keisha, this is her family of
a.
orientation.
b.
extension.
c.
procreation.
d.
childbearing.
2. Great Britain’s royal family is an example of a(n) _________ family.
a.
transitional
b.
matriarchal
c.
patriarchal
d.
egalitarian
3. Caring and involvement toward one another is an example of which function of the family?
a.
Nurturance/emotional support
b.
Economic support
c.
Assignment of social roles
d.
Authority
4. Which children are most likely to blame themselves for their parents’ divorce?
a.
Infants
b.
Preschool-aged children
c.
Adolescent children
d.
Adult children
5. One serious long-term effect of divorce is thought to be
a.
too many role models for the children.
b.
too many siblings and step-siblings.
c.
the lack of or removal of models showing what the marriage role is like.
d.
too much time with either parent.
6. Jennifer just got a divorce. She is expected to experience which of the following?
a.
Economic strain
b.
Physical strain
c.
Emotional strain
d.
All of these
7. Compared to research examining single-parent mothers, _________ research has been done on children being raised by
single-parent fathers.
a.
little
b.
more longitudinal (research over time)
c.
much
d.
more comprehensive
8. Binuclear families differ from joint-custody families in that
a.
not all binuclear families have joint custody.
b.
in the binuclear family, children are always part of two or more households.
c.
not all binuclear families have joint custody and in the binuclear family, children are always part of two or
more households .
d.
none of these; binuclear and joint-custody families are the same.
9. An analysis of studies on children in joint physical or legal custody showed that these children were
a.
more poorly adjusted than children in sole-custody settings.
b.
better adjusted than children in sole-custody settings.
c.
similar in terms of adjustment.
d.
none of these; joint custody no longer exists in the United States.
10. Increasing numbers of children are being raised by relatives other than their parents. The most common of these
arrangements is children being raised by
a.
grandparents.
b.
older siblings.
c.
aunts and uncles.
d.
neighbors.
11. Because of the changing nature of families, the U.S. Bureau of the Census no longer provides statistics on the number
of children residing in
a.
single-parent families.
b.
stepfamilies.
c.
urban areas.
d.
high-poverty areas.
12. One of the most common unrealistic expectations of blended families is
a.
lack of love.
b.
instant love.
c.
lack of jealously.
d.
changing their place of residence.
13. In which stepfamily would we expect to see children with the most behavior problems?
a.
Stepfamily with children from dad’s previous marriage
b.
Stepfamily with children from mom’s previous marriage
c.
Stepfamily with no children
d.
Stepfamily with children from both mom’s previous marriage and dad’s previous marriage
14. The estimated divorce rate for second marriages is
a.
10%.
b.
25%.
c.
50%.
d.
60%.
15. According to your text, the technical definition of marriage is which of the following?
a.
A legal contract with certain rights and obligations
b.
A contract with certain rights and responsibilities that is not legally binding
c.
A system of informal and formal social supports
d.
A relationship between two consenting adults
16. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that adoptive parents do which of the following?
a.
Tell the adopted child about the adoption in a way the child can understand based on age and maturity.
b.
Keep the fact that the child was adopted a secret.
c.
At about age 18, initiate the first discussion of adoption with the adopted child.
d.
Tell an adopted child everything they can as soon as possible after the adoption.
17. Adoptive children may
a.
create fantasies about their birth parents.
b.
deny they were adopted.
c.
believe they did something bad to be sent away from the biological parent.
d.
all of these.
18. A common problem found in dual-earner families is
a.
lack of spousal support.
b.
role overload.
c.
lack of multiple roles.
d.
lack of role models for the children.
19. Research finds that children who have mothers employed outside the home have
a.
less stereotyped views of gender roles.
b.
less disposable income.
c.
the same models for the mothering role as children whose mothers stay home.
d.
more stereotyped views of gender roles.
20. From a historical perspective (preindustrial times up to today), which of the following best describes changes in the
role of children?
a.
Economic asset to economic liability
b.
Economic liability to economic asset
c.
Pupils of school to pupils of life
d.
Cooperative to responsible
21. Which of the following best characterizes changes in the role of fatherhood over historical time?
a.
Economic provider to caregiver/nurturer
b.
Patriarchal to matriarchal
c.
More involved to less involved
d.
Caregiver to worker
22. In colonial times, families were
a.
patriarchal and extended.
b.
matriarchal and extended.
c.
patriarchal and geographically separated.
d.
egalitarian.
23. Social status that is determined by family lineage, gender, birth order, or skin color is called
a.
ascribed status.
b.
achieved status.
c.
traditional status.
d.
new status.
24. Which of the following is a difference between traditional and modern societies?
a.
The traditional society looks to the past for ways to behave; a modern society looks to the present.
b.
A modern society values its elders; the traditional society does not.
c.
Traditional societies tend to use achieved status; modern societies do not.
d.
None of these; traditional and modern societies are the same.
25. Which of the following is true?
a.
Social class membership begins exerting an influence only in the elementary school years.
b.
Social class membership begins exerting its influence before birth.
c.
Social class affects individual outcome(s) only during the adult working years.
d.
Social class has little effect on individual outcome(s).
26. Edwin and Lavonne are a typical, hard-working family in the United States. Edwin owns a small business and
Lavonne stays home with the children. They both value achievement, respect, and having harmonious interpersonal
relationships within their family. Based on this description, Edwin and Lavonne would be classified as
a.
upper class.
b.
lower-middle class.
c.
lower class.
d.
underclass.
27. Individuals at the “bottom” of the social structure who perceive themselves as having little chance of ever escaping
poverty would be classified as members of the
a.
upper-middle class.
b.
lower-middle class.
c.
upper-working class.
d.
underclass.
28. Upper-class parents tend to emphasize which of the following?
a.
Not being a nuisance
b.
Meeting the high expectations of past family achievements
c.
Reasoning
d.
All of these
29. The structure and syntax of language used by the upper-middle class are _________ than that used by the lower class.
a.
more simple
b.
more complex
c.
more rigid
d.
none of these
30. Oakes and Rossi (2003) proposed that socioeconomic status can be defined in terms of all of the following except
a.
material capital.
b.
human capital.
c.
cognitive capital.
d.
social capital.
31. Youth Build, a program in which adolescents build and renovate low-cost housing, is thought to be successful because
of its
a.
caring staff.
b.
commitment of the staff.
c.
sense of family and community among members.
d.
all of these.
32. The theory stating that it is the parents’ genes rather than socioeconomic status that ultimately influences the life
experiences of the children is which of the following?
a.
The social selection theoretical model of socioeconomics
b.
The bioecological theory
c.
The social causation theoretical model of socioeconomics
d.
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
33. The group that values associative, practical, objective, and formal interpersonal relationships is
a.
Gesellschaft.
b.
collectivistic.
c.
Gemeinschaft.
d.
individualistic.
34. Rules, patterns, or standards that express cultural values and reflect how individuals are supposed to behave are called
a.
norms.
b.
orientations.
c.
values
d.
skills.
35. Which of the following is not one of Kluckhohn’s (1961) five basic questions?
a.
How do humans relate to each other?
b.
What is the valued personality type?
c.
What is the relationship of humans to nature?
d.
What is the value of money?
36. The term “religion” refers to
a.
a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
b.
a belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, and productivity.
c.
any demand that exceeds a person’s ability to cope.
d.
a group of individuals related by blood or marriage.
37. According to Fontana (2003), religion influences socialization by
a.
motivating people to behave morally.
b.
offering techniques through which individuals can find psychological comfort.
c.
causing individuals to ponder life’s purpose.
d.
all of these.
38. Economic changes such as downsizing and layoffs are likely to result in
a.
more parental affection to children.
b.
more effective disciplinary interactions between parents and children.
c.
increased parental stress.
d.
better overall family relations.
39. Empowerment refers to
a.
enabling individuals to have control over resources affecting them.
b.
voting for one candidate over another.
c.
any demand that exceeds a person’s ability to cope.
d.
taking control away from families.
40. Disease, overexertion, allergies, and abuse are examples of _________ stressors.
a.
physical
b.
sociocultural
c.
psychological
d.
religious
Completion
41. Any two or more related people living in one household is called a(n) _________.
42. The family that develops when an individual marries and has children is called the family of _________.
43. The type of family that includes relatives of the nuclear family who are economically and emotionally dependent on
each other is the _________ family.
44. A family in which the father has formal authority and power is termed _________.
45. _________ refers to a family in which both sides of the extended family are regarded as equal.
46. The family ensures that the society’s population will be maintained. This an example of the ___________ function of
a family.
47. As a result of the growing prevalence of _______________, the number of children born to unmarried parents has also
increased.
48. Most divorces occur within the first _________ years of first marriage.
49. Preschool-age children’s ______________ was found to be affected by divorce.
50. About __________times as many children live with mothers as compared to fathers.
51. In Ken’s family, the children are part of two homes and two family groups. Ken’s family would be termed _________.
52. Joint _________ custody divides decision-making authority for the child between the divorcing parents.
53. The most common kind of kin custody is children being raised by _________.
54. Parents of children in interethnic families must enable their children to form a sense of _________________.
55. After ___________years, stepfamilies are as stable as married families of the same duration.
56. Many homosexual parents fear they will lose _________ if their sexual orientation is known to those outside the
family.
57. Socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, and religious orientation are all examples of how Bronfenbrenner’s concept
of the ____________ can affect socialization.
58. One’s rank or position within a society, based on social and economic factors, is called one’s _________.
59. Education, occupation, and income are all examples of _________ status.
60. In _________ societies, behavior is often based on customs handed down from past generations.
61. Families that have inherited wealth are typically found in the _________ class.
62. The financial resources the parent provides for the child’s well-being are an example of _________ capital.
63. The idea that parents’ genes, rather than socioeconomic status, ultimately influence children’s life experiences is
called the _________ perspective.
64. A belief in individualism, thrift, self-sacrifice, efficiency, personal responsibility, and productivity characterizes the
_________.
65. Kathy has money and work issues that are beyond her ability to cope. Kathy’s issues would be termed _________.
66. Personal reactions to real or imagined threats are an example of a(n) _________ stressor.
67. Unemployment ____________ levels of parental stress.
Subjective Short Answer
68. Describe how the economic support function of a family is different from the nurturance/emotional support function
of a family. Write a persuasive argument detailing why one or the other is more important.
69. Imagine you are called to testify in court on behalf of a child whose parents are petitioning for a divorce. You are
asked to describe how divorce will affect the child. Based on your readings, report what you will say about the various
factors that influence child outcomes in divorce.
70. Compare a preschooler’s experience of divorce with that of an adolescent.
71. Compare and contrast the social roles of wife/mother with those of husband/father.
72. Provide an overview of stressors for children as they relate to the stepfamily experience.
73. Describe how family interactions vary by socioeconomic status. Include in your discussion the difference between
ascribed and achieved status, as well as differences in opportunity across socioeconomic groups.
74. Mary is recently widowed and thinking about joining a church. Describe the kinds of things religion might provide
for Mary.
75. Using the categories proposed in your text, compare and contrast a majority cultural orientation with a minority
cultural orientation. Focus your discussion on differences and/or similarities in interpersonal, time, personality, and value
traits as well as ideas about the relationship between individuals and nature.
76. Dany and Mei have a functional family. Describe five characteristics from your text that help classify them as
functional.
77. Describe recent changes in sociopolitical, economic, and technological areas, and how these impact families and
children.
