The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 3 Migration
1) The ability to move from one location to another, either temporarily or permanently, is
A) migration.
B) mobility.
C) net migration.
D) voluntary migration.
E) forced migration.
2) A permanent move to a new location is
A) migration.
B) mobility.
C) net migration.
D) net in-migration.
E) net out-migration.
3) A country has net in-migration if immigration ________ emigration.
A) equals
B) exceeds
C) is closer to net migration than
D) is less than
E) varies more than
4) Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?
A) economic
B) environmental
C) cultural
D) circulation
E) All of these answer choices are correct.
5) Wilbur Zelinsky’s model of migration predicted
A) women are more likely to migrate than men.
B) long migration distances are more likely than short.
C) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.
D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional migration in terms of political
and economic resources.
E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons.
6) The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at
________ of the demographic transition.
A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4
E) stage 5
7) Most of the migrants in a country once moved from its eastern provinces to its western
provinces, but after economic conditions changed, more people began migrating from rural to
urban areas. This can be judged to be an example of a migration ________.
A) transition
B) chain
C) counterurbanization
D) economy
E) force
8) Which one of the following would you judge to be the best example of circulation?
A) Visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as
a prospective college student.
B) Taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years
of use.
C) Going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies.
D) Going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend’s sixteenth birthday party.
E) Visiting a famous national park for the first time in your life.
9) Which of the following people would you predict to be most likely to engage in voluntary
migration in the near future?
A) A teenaged girl whose family’s home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which
has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable.
B) A youth whose village has been identified by the central government as harboring and
providing material support to an armed rebel group in the midst of a civil war.
C) The dictator of a Southwest Asian country who has just ‘won’ another fraudulent election.
D) A youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a
traditionally exploited province of a developing country.
E) A teenaged girl in China whose rural family has enough food to eat but lacks the money to
expand the size of their house, and would like to plan to send a younger sibling to college in the
future.
10) A boy migrated from Honduras through Guatemala and Mexico, then entered the United
States without immigration documents, because members of his ethnic group were being targeted
for torture or assassination in his home country. Although the U.S. government does not grant
the boy refugee status, his case is an example of international and ________ migration.
A) forced
B) human rights
C) voluntary
D) economic
E) transitional
11) Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because
A) the British military forced them to become refugees.
B) disastrous economic conditions, exacerbated by British government policies, pushed them out
of the country.
C) poor environmental conditions, including volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, induced them to
migrate.
D) they were attracted by the separation of church and state (freedom of religion) in the United
States.
E) Spanish invasions threatened their homes.
12) The greatest total number of foreign-born residents can be found in
A) China.
B) Australia.
C) Germany.
D) the United Kingdom.
E) the United States.
13) Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from
which parts of Europe?
A) central
B) south and east
C) east and west
D) north and west
E) north and east
14) Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part
of Europe?
A) central
B) north and west
C) south and east
D) south and west
E) north and east
15) The largest number of legal, documented immigrants to the United States come from what
country?
A) Cuba
B) Mexico
C) the Philippines
D) South Korea
E) Dominican Republic
16) A principal pull factor in California in the 1840s was
A) a gold rush.
B) a war with Mexico.
C) a “nitrate rush.”
D) a “dust bowl.”
E) the Great Plains.
17) If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other
evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in
A) Norway or England.
B) Ireland or Germany.
C) Italy or Poland.
D) Spain or Portugal.
E) Russia or Bulgaria.
18) The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of
A) decreased economic opportunities at the same time that European countries experienced rapid
population growth.
B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions.
C) religious freedom in the United States, as European countries forbade their citizens to attend
most kinds of religious services.
D) the great reputation of schools and hospitals in the United States.
E) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska in the 1800s.
19) Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and
current Latin American immigrants to the United States?
A) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.
B) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America
are motivated by economic factors.
C) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States.
D) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly
speak Spanish.
E) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.
20) Norwegians were most likely to migrate to the United States
A) prior to 1840.
B) during the 1840s and 1850s.
C) during the 1880s and 1890s.
D) during the U.S. Civil War.
E) between 1900 and 1915.
21) Recent immigrants to the United States
A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states.
B) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts.
C) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois and are seldom in other areas.
D) have not been attracted to rural and agricultural areas.
E) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects.
22) From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that
the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the
A) arrival of Europeans and their wars with Native Americans beginning in the 1600s.
B) unauthorized immigration from Latin America, especially in the 1900s.
C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century, despite the Chinese Exclusion
Acts.
D) opening up of the western territories to settlement.
E) industrial development in the northeast, particularly at the outset of the Industrial Revolution.
23) The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been
A) Asia.
B) Australia.
C) North America.
D) South America.
E) South Asia.
24) The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the
A) east.
B) north.
C) south.
D) west.
E) center.
25) In the United States, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few
decades?
A) natural increase rate
B) net in-migration
C) crude birth rate
D) declining death rate
E) urban expansions
26) Which of the following current migration flows is the least significant in terms of total
numbers of people?
A) from Asia to Europe
B) from Africa to Europe
C) from Asia to North America
D) between and among Asian countries
E) from Latin America to North America
27) Some of the highest rates of migration today for Filipinos are to
A) countries in southwestern Asia.
B) Canada.
C) Eastern Europe.
D) Russia.
E) Mexico and Latin America.
28) Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States?
A) rural to urban
B) urban to suburban
C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan
D) net emigration from the northeast
E) all of the above
29) The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by
A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.
B) dictating optimal locations for factories.
C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.
D) moving the capital to Brasilia.
E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast.
30) The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is
A) north to south.
B) region to region.
C) urban to rural.
D) city to city.
E) rural to urban.
31) Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to
A) expanding urban territory.
B) increasing employment opportunities.
C) desire to change lifestyle.
D) regional development.
E) global investment.
32) Counterurbanization is
A) moving from an urban core to suburban areas.
B) due to expanding suburbs.
C) migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.
D) the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida.
E) the decline of the inner-city infrastructure.
33) Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor?
A) revolutionary takeover of a government
B) failed harvest
C) flooding of a river
D) opening of a new factory
E) civil war
34) The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is
A) economic.
B) environmental.
C) forced.
D) political.
E) geomagnetic.
35) Among the difficulties faced by the Soviet Union’s program to attract migrants to its
industrial zones was the following:
A) Many heavy industries were located in remote northern areas, which experienced harsh
winters.
B) Migrants didn’t move often because of high population growth.
C) The program provided no economic incentives.
D) The premier of the Soviet Union was criticized for engaging in fraudulent electoral practices,
and the resulting lack of trust in the political system has kept workers from migrating.
E) Russian speakers were willing to migrate, but speakers of other languages were not.
36) According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2010, the
largest number of refugees were forced to migrate from ________, which have seen a great deal
of armed conflict in recent years.
A) Vietnam and Indonesia
B) Afghanistan and Iraq
C) Sudan, South Africa, and Colombia
D) Mexico and Colombia
E) Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and Somalia
37) An analysis of the chapter’s map(s) of refugees suggests that
A) most of the world’s refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom.
B) neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas.
C) there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time.
D) neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas.
E) the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.
38) Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a
military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. We might
categorize this as an example of
A) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor.
B) net migration changing to gross migration.
C) forced migration changing to voluntary migration.
D) a pull factor changing to a push factor.
E) a push factor changing to a pull factor.
39) Judge which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor.
A) Many of the first Europeans to settle in Australia migrated as prisoners after being sentenced
to “transportation” in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
B) The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in
the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island.
C) Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to
Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor
them.
D) Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers.
E) The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War
II.
40) Which factor most often causes voluntary migration?
A) economic
B) environmental
C) international
D) political
E) a regional conflict
41) Most European guest workers come from which parts of Europe?
A) north and central
B) north and west
C) central and west
D) south and west
E) south and east
42) Most guest workers head for which parts of Europe?
A) north and east
B) north and west
C) central
D) south and west
E) south and east
43) Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East experience some discrimination and harsher
work conditions than citizens in their host countries, so it we might judge that they live as
A) unauthorized immigrants.
B) low-status foreigners.
C) almost exclusively Muslims.
D) high-status southern Europeans.
E) technical specialists invited as consultants.
44) All other factors being equal, what are the chances that a guest worker will head toward
southern Italy rather than Germany or Belgium?
A) Very high (very likely).
B) Very low (not very likely).
C) About even (neither more or less likely).
D) There is no data that would help us make such a guess.
E) A guest worker would be almost guaranteed to seek work in southern Italy.
45) A young man in Vietnam wishes to migrate to another country to help support his family.
Judging by current trends, he would most likely migrate to
A) China.
B) the United States.
C) Europe.
D) the Philippines.
E) Australia.
46) You might propose a(n) ________ program for your country if you wanted to hire a large
number of manual laborers from neighboring countries to build a large dam or canal, with the
understanding that they would not be granted any other privileges or legal status in your country,
after the project is finished.
A) guest worker
B) unauthorized worker
C) unauthorized hiring
D) engineering obstacle
E) chain migration