1. In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to: ​
a. ​learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.
b. ​identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas.
c. ​exercise prudent judgment when it comes to interpreting and applying ethical principles to specific situations.
d. ​avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice.
2. According to the text, the challenge of fulfilling the spirit of informed consent is to: ​
a. ​tell clients about the nature of confidentiality.
b. ​strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little.
c. ​convince clients that counselors know what they are doing.
d. ​teach clients about state laws that pertain to counseling.
3. The ethics codes do not mandate that dual or multiple relationships:​
a. ​should be avoided or that nonsexual multiple relationships are unethical.
b. ​areclearlygroundsforrevocationofone’sprofessionallicense.
c. ​arehelpfulincaseofcounselingone’sfriendsorrelatives.
d. ​are impossible to avoid.
4. Privileged communication applies to: ​
a. ​groupcounseling.
b. ​couplescounseling.
c. ​familytherapy.
d. ​individualcounseling.
5. Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when all of the following take
place, except: ​
a. ​clients pose a danger to others.
b. ​a child under the age of 16 requests counseling sessions.
c. ​an older adult is being abused.
d. ​the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
6. Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy? ​
a. ​Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines.
b. ​Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice.
c. ​Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.
d. ​Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life.
7. A therapist should consult with colleagues or specialists under all circumstances except: ​
a. ​when multiple relationships are potentially problematic.
b. ​when facing an ethical problem.
c. when losing objectivity.
d. ​when discussing past life choices.
8. Clients have a right to know about __________ before making highly personal disclosures. ​
a. ​theirtherapist’squalificationsandpersonalinformation
b. ​the general goals of the therapist during personal counseling
c. ​theapproximatelengthanddetailsofthetherapist’spersonalrelationships
d. ​limits of confidentiality
9. Both the feminist perspective and the postmodern approaches charge that diagnoses:​
a. ​are an appropriate part of counseling sessions.
b. ​are generally helpful to women clients.
c. ​ignore societal contexts.
d. ​are an essential part of the medical model they follow.
10. ​Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards
women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged
him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are:
a. ​overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling.
b. ​unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how
to deal with his problems.
c. ​acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues
that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
d. ​being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to
him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency.
11. According to the text, positive ethics is an approach taken by practitioners: ​
a. ​who do what is mandated by professional standards.
b. ​who want to do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble.
c. ​who strive for the highest level of ethical practice.
d. ​whostrictlyadheretolengthyethicscodes,evenifthisisnotintheclient’sbestinterest.
12. Duringhersessions,Justinequestionswhethersheistryingtomeetherclients’needsorherownneeds.Justineis:​
a. ​being overly analytical.
b. ​actively working toward expanding her self-awareness and learning to recognize her areas of prejudice and
vulnerability.
c. ​self-absorbed and insecure.
d. ​behavingunethicallysincesheispreoccupiedduringherclients’sessions.
13. Assessment consists of: ​
a. ​identifying a specific mental disorder.
b. ​forminganexplanationofthecausesoftheclient’sdifficulties.
c. ​evaluatingtherelevantfactorsinaclient’slifetoidentifythemesforfurtherexplorationinthecounseling
process.
d. ​gaininganaccountintohowtheclient’sproblemsdevelopedovertime.
14. Evidence-based practices: ​
a. ​are the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient
characteristics, culture, and preferences.
b. ​are tailored to only focus on the relationship between the client and therapist without addressing specific
problems and symptoms.
c. ​tend to focus on therapist created techniques that do not have empirical evidence to support their efficacy.
d. ​are generally not time limited.
15. __________________ ethics involves a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice.​
a. ​Mandatory
b. ​Minimal
c. ​Positive
d. ​Aspirational
16. __________ ethics focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients.​
a. ​Mandatory
b. ​Minimal
c. ​Positive
d. ​Aspirational
17. The first step in making an ethical decision is to:​
a. ​look at the relevant ethics codes.
b. ​identify the problem.
c. ​consider the applicable laws and regulations.
d. ​seek consultation.
18. __________ involves the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions
pertaining to it.​
a. ​Informedconsent
b. ​Confidentiality
c. ​Privilegedcommunication
d. ​Breachofconfidentiality
19. ​Informed consent in counseling can be provided in all of the following forms except:
a. ​written.
b. ​orally.
c. ​throughthirdparty.
d. ​somecombinationofwrittenandoralform.
20. ​__________ is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court
without their permission.
a. ​Informedconsent
b. ​Privacy
c. ​Confidentiality
d. ​Privilegedcommunication
21. ​It is optional for therapists to inform their clients that they may discuss certain details of the relationship with a
supervisor or a colleague.
a. True
b. False
22. Confidentiality can be considered an absolute.​
a. True
b. False
23. Contemporary therapy approaches are grounded on a core set of values, which are neither value-neutral nor
applicable to all cultures.​
a. True
b. False
24. Overemphasizing cultural differences is always appropriate in a counseling context.​
a. True
b. False
25. A diagnosis provides a working hypothesis that guides the practitioner in understanding the client.​
a. True
b. False
26. Clinicians who work in community mental health agencies, private practice, and other human service settings are
generallyexpectedtoassessclientproblemswithintheframeworkoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers’
Diagnostic and Assessment Protocol Manual (3rd ed.).​
a. True
b. False
27. The central aim of evidence-based practice is to require psychotherapists to base their practice on techniques that
have empirical evidence to support their efficacy.​
a. True
b. False
28. Human change is complex and difficult to measure beyond such a simplistic level that the change may be
meaningless.​
a. True
b. False
29. The only setting in which one might be forced to manage multiple roles is in community mental health centers.​
a. True
b. False
30. The ethics codes mandate avoidance of all dual or multiple relationships.​
a. True
b. False
31. Multiple relationship issues can be resolved with ethics codes alone.​
a. True
b. False
32. If you are successful in establishing boundaries in various aspects of your personal life, you have a good foundation
for creating sound boundaries with clients.​
a. True
b. False
33. A boundary crossing could potentially benefit a client.​
a. True
b. False
34. Becoming an ethical practitioner is not a final destination but a journey that will continue throughout your career.​
a. True
b. False
35. TheAmericanCounselingAssociationusestheterm“nonprofessionalrelationships”whenreferringtodualor
multiple relationships.​
a. True
b. False