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1. In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:
a. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.
b. identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas.
c. exercise prudent judgment when it comes to interpreting and applying ethical principles to specific situations.
d. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice.
2. According to the text, the challenge of fulfilling the spirit of informed consent is to:
a. tell clients about the nature of confidentiality.
b. strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little.
c. convince clients that counselors know what they are doing.
d. teach clients about state laws that pertain to counseling.
3. The ethics codes do not mandate that dual or multiple relationships:
a. should be avoided or that nonsexual multiple relationships are unethical.
b. areclearlygroundsforrevocationofone’sprofessionallicense.
c. arehelpfulincaseofcounselingone’sfriendsorrelatives.
d. are impossible to avoid.
4. Privileged communication applies to:
a. groupcounseling.
b. couplescounseling.
c. familytherapy.
d. individualcounseling.
5. Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when all of the following take
place, except:
a. clients pose a danger to others.
b. a child under the age of 16 requests counseling sessions.
c. an older adult is being abused.
d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
6. Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy?
a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines.
b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice.
c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.
d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life.
7. A therapist should consult with colleagues or specialists under all circumstances except:
a. when multiple relationships are potentially problematic.
b. when facing an ethical problem.
c. when losing objectivity.
d. when discussing past life choices.
8. Clients have a right to know about __________ before making highly personal disclosures.
a. theirtherapist’squalificationsandpersonalinformation
b. the general goals of the therapist during personal counseling
c. theapproximatelengthanddetailsofthetherapist’spersonalrelationships
d. limits of confidentiality
9. Both the feminist perspective and the postmodern approaches charge that diagnoses:
a. are an appropriate part of counseling sessions.
b. are generally helpful to women clients.
c. ignore societal contexts.
d. are an essential part of the medical model they follow.
10. Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards
women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged
him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are:
a. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling.
b. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how
to deal with his problems.
c. acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues
that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
d. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to
him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency.
11. According to the text, positive ethics is an approach taken by practitioners:
a. who do what is mandated by professional standards.
b. who want to do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble.
c. who strive for the highest level of ethical practice.
d. whostrictlyadheretolengthyethicscodes,evenifthisisnotintheclient’sbestinterest.
12. Duringhersessions,Justinequestionswhethersheistryingtomeetherclients’needsorherownneeds.Justineis:
a. being overly analytical.
b. actively working toward expanding her self-awareness and learning to recognize her areas of prejudice and
vulnerability.
c. self-absorbed and insecure.
d. behavingunethicallysincesheispreoccupiedduringherclients’sessions.
13. Assessment consists of:
a. identifying a specific mental disorder.
b. forminganexplanationofthecausesoftheclient’sdifficulties.
c. evaluatingtherelevantfactorsinaclient’slifetoidentifythemesforfurtherexplorationinthecounseling
process.
d. gaininganaccountintohowtheclient’sproblemsdevelopedovertime.
14. Evidence-based practices:
a. are the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient
characteristics, culture, and preferences.
b. are tailored to only focus on the relationship between the client and therapist without addressing specific
problems and symptoms.
c. tend to focus on therapist created techniques that do not have empirical evidence to support their efficacy.
d. are generally not time limited.
15. __________________ ethics involves a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice.
a. Mandatory
b. Minimal
c. Positive
d. Aspirational
16. __________ ethics focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients.
a. Mandatory
b. Minimal
c. Positive
d. Aspirational
17. The first step in making an ethical decision is to:
a. look at the relevant ethics codes.
b. identify the problem.
c. consider the applicable laws and regulations.
d. seek consultation.
18. __________ involves the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions
pertaining to it.
a. Informedconsent
b. Confidentiality
c. Privilegedcommunication
d. Breachofconfidentiality
19. Informed consent in counseling can be provided in all of the following forms except:
a. written.
b. orally.
c. throughthirdparty.
d. somecombinationofwrittenandoralform.
20. __________ is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court
without their permission.
a. Informedconsent
b. Privacy
c. Confidentiality
d. Privilegedcommunication
21. It is optional for therapists to inform their clients that they may discuss certain details of the relationship with a
supervisor or a colleague.
a. True
b. False
22. Confidentiality can be considered an absolute.
a. True
b. False
23. Contemporary therapy approaches are grounded on a core set of values, which are neither value-neutral nor
applicable to all cultures.
a. True
b. False
24. Overemphasizing cultural differences is always appropriate in a counseling context.
a. True
b. False
25. A diagnosis provides a working hypothesis that guides the practitioner in understanding the client.
a. True
b. False
26. Clinicians who work in community mental health agencies, private practice, and other human service settings are
generallyexpectedtoassessclientproblemswithintheframeworkoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers’
Diagnostic and Assessment Protocol Manual (3rd ed.).
a. True
b. False
27. The central aim of evidence-based practice is to require psychotherapists to base their practice on techniques that
have empirical evidence to support their efficacy.
a. True
b. False
28. Human change is complex and difficult to measure beyond such a simplistic level that the change may be
meaningless.
a. True
b. False
29. The only setting in which one might be forced to manage multiple roles is in community mental health centers.
a. True
b. False
30. The ethics codes mandate avoidance of all dual or multiple relationships.
a. True
b. False
31. Multiple relationship issues can be resolved with ethics codes alone.
a. True
b. False
32. If you are successful in establishing boundaries in various aspects of your personal life, you have a good foundation
for creating sound boundaries with clients.
a. True
b. False
33. A boundary crossing could potentially benefit a client.
a. True
b. False
34. Becoming an ethical practitioner is not a final destination but a journey that will continue throughout your career.
a. True
b. False
35. TheAmericanCounselingAssociationusestheterm“nonprofessionalrelationships”whenreferringtodualor
multiple relationships.
a. True
b. False
