47) Which of the following people would you deduce is most likely to engage in rural to urban
migration in the near future?
A) The eldest son of a large family in China who is the only member of the household with
knowledge about planting and herding animals.
B) A marketing director for a large corporation who is being asked to move from one
metropolitan area to another.
C) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China who have all recently moved to Shanghai.
D) A young married woman in central Detroit who are worried about safety and the quality of
schools in her neighborhood.
E) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding
animals.
48) Brain drain is
A) the large-scale emigration of talented people.
B) the process by which people are given reference for migration.
C) people forced to migrate for political reasons.
D) a cultural feature that hinders migration.
E) a net decline in literacy.
49) Ellis Island
A) was the subject of a territorial dispute between New York and New Jersey.
B) was originally claimed by France but given to the United States along with the Statue of
Liberty.
C) is still in use today as an immigration gateway to the United States.
D) is the actual location of the Statue of Liberty.
E) is not truly an island because it is joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land.
50) A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration
because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature
hinders migration it is an example of
A) an environmental push factor.
B) a forced migration.
C) an intervening obstacle.
D) a cultural pull factor.
E) an environmental incentive.
51) Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of
A) economic depression in the United States.
B) forced migration after World War I.
C) imposition of quota laws.
D) declining demand for industrial workers.
E) declining demand for domestic workers.
52) U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of
A) virtually ending immigration.
B) indirectly causing two world wars.
C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world.
D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.
E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited.
53) Given the textbook’s description of Asian migration to the United States, we might conclude
that most Asians today are migrating to the U.S. through the process of
A) expansion diffusion.
B) brain drain.
C) chain migration.
D) undocumented immigration.
E) global circulation.
54) Judging from the chapter’s discussions of the types of migration from various parts of the
world to the United States, one might assume that the largest numbers of recent immigrants to
the United States are
A) unauthorized immigrants.
B) political refugees.
C) relatives of U.S. residents.
D) talented professionals.
E) guest workers.
55) An example of ________ is the migration of doctors and engineers to the United States after
they have received years of government-financed schooling and training in Colombia.
A) brain drain
B) chain drain
C) chain migration
D) net migration
E) cohort migration
56) Mexico provides the United States with its largest numbers of
A) voluntary immigrants and political refugees.
B) both legal and undocumented immigrants.
C) laborers.
D) refugees from natural disasters.
E) European and Asian migrants, excepting those who have entered from Guatemala.
57) From the discussions of migration in northern and southern Mexico, we can deduce that the
destination for most undocumented immigrants entering Mexico from Guatemala is
A) work in factories in northern Mexico.
B) work on fruit plantations.
C) Mexico City.
D) work in Pacific coast resorts.
E) the U.S. border.
58) According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants
were
A) permitted to become legal residents by participating in an application process.
B) automatically transformed into U.S. citizens in a blanket “amnesty.”
C) encouraged to remain in Mexico because of shortages of workers.
D) no longer eligible for public services in the United States.
E) established as guest workers following the German model.
59) Mexico’s immigration policy
A) is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the U.S. but opposes migration from its
south.
B) is opposed to Mexicans migrating to the U.S. because they otherwise would contribute to the
economy at home.
C) welcomes migrants from other countries.
D) is flexible for most countries of origin but does not generally allow immigration from the
United States.
E) attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country.
60) Judge which of the following is the strongest example of a state government attempting to
limit migration.
A) requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants
B) requiring police to ask for citizenship documents after they have arrested someone
C) requiring immigrants to pay higher college tuition
D) allowing politicians to make anti-immigrant statements to the news media
E) allowing thousands of people to march either to support or oppose reforms to immigration
legislation
61) The difference between the number of people migrating to a place and the number leaving is
called net migration.
62) Refugees have engaged in forced migration.
63) Forced migration can be caused by “cultural” factors such as ethnic cleansing, warfare, or
persecution.
64) Given the patterns of relocation diffusion and monetary exchanges possible today, we can
deduce that flows of people can move in and out of the United States more easily than flows of
money can.
65) An analysis of maps indicates that historically, the center of population in the United States
has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south.
66) Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization.
67) In recent decades, the most important type of internal migration within the United States is
from urban to suburban areas.
68) A family has migrated from the south side of Chicago to a town beyond the suburban ring
because they like the schools and housing prices there. This is an example of
counterurbanization.
69) The three major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental.
70) The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water.
71) Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors.
72) Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience out-
migration.
73) A democratic government that nevertheless persecutes and imprisons minorities is a clear
example of a pull factor.
74) In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who
wish to migrate to the United States.
75) If an acclaimed and talented professional artist leaves her host country and becomes rich and
famous in another country, and then she almost never returns home except for brief visits, she
could be judged as part of her home country’s brain drain.
76) The main reason for unauthorized immigration to the United States is to escape political
persecution.
77) Name one of the two countries which sent 75 percent of all immigrants to the United States
during the 1840s.
78) During the 1980s, which country provided the largest number of authorized immigrants to
the United States?
79) In the early 1900s, from what part of Europe did ninety percent of the immigration to the
United States come?
80) Describe suburbanization in more developed countries.
81) List the three types of migration push and pull factors.
82) Which of the three migration factors has been the most important pull factor for immigration
to the United States?
83) Several million people have migrated to the United States without authorization in recent
years. Why have most of these people come to the United States?
84) Migration to the United States declined in the 1920s as a result of new laws. What did these
laws do?
85) During the 1980s, what country provided the largest number of unauthorized immigrants to
the United States?
86) Analyze a world map, with special attention to physical features, and hypothesize as to why
African migrants may experience greater difficulty in reaching the United States than South
American migrants. Now consider the great number of Asian migrants reaching the United
States. What factors can you propose to explain why Asian migrants can overcome intervening
obstacles while Africans seemingly cannot?
87) Compare and assess the data provided on this chapter’s map(s) of refugees, and judge which
Latin American countries seem to show more evidence of forced migration. What other factors
might also be at work, other than forced migration?
88) In terms of either internal (domestic) or international migration, what evidence of chain
migration can you identify in your community?
89) Scrutinize maps of Asia in the textbook. Considering country locations, as well as other
environmental factors, list at least five countries that would you classify as having the greatest
number of intervening obstacles to international migration? Why? List at five countries that you
would classify as having lower numbers of intervening obstacles.
90) Why and in what ways have the major sources of immigrants to the United States changed
since the early 1900s?
91) How have patterns of interregional migration in Russia changed from the 1930s to the
present? Consider government policies, World War II, and the Cold War in your answer.
92) Imagine that you could control or affect changes to interregional migration in Canada.
Should preference be given to rural or urban areas, or specific regions, and why? How would you
justify these decisions in light of the national economy and/or political factors? Provide data or
examples from the textbook to justify your opinion.
93) Assess how the city or community that you now live in correlates, or fails to correlate, to the
major intraregional and interregional migration patterns within the United States in recent years.
What factors or trends are you considering when making that appraisal?
94) If you could (and needed to) migrate to another part of the United States later this year,
where would it be, and why? In what ways would this decision be similar to, or different from,
larger patterns in U.S. interregional migration in recent decades?
95) List the major push and pull factors in migration and invent or recall your own, original,
examples of each.
96) Examine patterns of global economic shifts, such as recessions, and discuss how these may
affect global and regional migrant flows. Provide three or four specific, historical examples of
these shifting patterns, and consider both push and pull factors in your answer.
97) Describe the similarities and differences between unauthorized immigrants to the United
States and guest workers in Europe.
98) Given your knowledge of historical changes in U.S. quota laws, what changes would you
recommend to reform the quota system that exists today? Why? In other words, what special
consideration might you give certain populations, countries, or areas of the world in formulating
immigration policy? You may develop any hypothesis or perspective that you wish, but you
should refer to specific examples or data in the textbook to support your reasoning.
99) Imagine the immediate and long-term consequences of shutting off all immigration of
unskilled laborers to the United States. Would you imagine the short- and long-term
consequences to be more positive or negative, or both? Would this radical change in policy affect
different people, and different economic sectors unevenly? How, or in what ways? Formulate
your own opinion, but use examples from the textbook to support your argument.
100) What if nearly all highly skilled migrants were barred entry to the U.S.? Imagine the
consequences of shutting off all immigration of highly skilled laborers. In your opinion
(supported by evidence), would you imagine the short- and long-term consequences to be more
positive or negative, or both? Discuss each potential consequence. Formulate your own opinion,
but use examples from the textbook to support your argument.
101) Imagine that you are attempting to migrate from another world region to Europe, and that,
considering difficult circumstances in your home country, you may apply as either a refugee or
an economic migrant. Which category would likely improve your chances for admittance, and
which would worsen your chances? Why?
102) Formulate a “public relations” campaign for Brazil that would be designed to reverse some
of its historic trends of interregional migration. Which populations or types of migrants would
you target in the media, and why? Which regions would you privilege in your campaign, and
which would you dissuade people from migrating to? How would you rate your chances for
success? Defend your public relations campaign with evidence from this chapter.
103) Imagine that your Caribbean island of 10,000 people is a colony of the United Kingdom. A
volcano erupts, forcing 8,000 people to flee their homes and making three-fourths of the island
uninhabitable. The remaining part of the island has few resources and can only support 2,000
people. What should be done about the other 8,000 people? Explain your “disaster response”
plan in the short term (the first few weeks) and in the long term: where and how should they live
afterward? How might U.K. attitudes toward immigrants affect your plan?
104) You are the leader of an impoverished country that has recently won independence. You
struggle to find settlers for your country’s farthest northern province, because your people fear
attacks from indigenous peoples there. Meanwhile, a wealthier country to the northeast is
sending thousands of settlers into neighboring lands, and you worry that they may soon try to
take the northern territory by force. They speak a different language and have different customs.
An advisor suggests that you invite settlers from that country into your northern province, giving
them free land in exchange for promises of loyalty. What will you do? Provide evidence or
examples from the textbook to justify your decisions..