Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Chapter 03
The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Organic molecules have a carbon backbone and _____ such as -OH and –NH2 that affect
their chemical properties.
2. A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is
known as:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
3. These biological compounds are non-polar and insoluble in water:
4. A DNA molecule containing 32% thymine would contain how much cytosine?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Clarify Question
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What is the key concept addressed by the question?
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What type of thinking is required?
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What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
thymine
Gather Content
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What do you know about base pairing? How does it relate to the question?
cytosine pairs with guanine through hydrogen bonds.
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
5. The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of
a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as: rev: 09_11_2014_QC_53628
6. This atom in its unbound state has four valence electrons. These electrons readily form
single, double, and even triple bonds among themselves to become stable. This atom is:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
7. Macromolecules are broken down to monomers in ___
8. Relatively small organic molecules with a central carbon atom which is bonded to a
carboxyl group, an amino group, a carbon containing group, and a hydrogen atom are called:
9. Macromolecules that are used by most organisms to store hereditary information are
called:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
10. DNA and RNA contain functional units known as:
11. Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called:
12. Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
13. Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain:
14. A double stranded DNA strand contains 26 pyrimidines. How many purines will the
copied strand contain?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Clarify Question
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What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
each other in forming a double strand of DNA.
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What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about base pairing? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
15. The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called:
16. Humans are unable to get metabolic energy from cellulose because:
17. Chitin, a modified form of cellulose, is not only cross-linked with proteins but its glucose
units are modified with atoms of:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
18. The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a(n):
19. Common lipids for energy storage are:
20. Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a(n):
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
21. Biological membranes contain bilayers containing mostly ______.
22. This type of lipid is found in pigments such as chlorophyll, in the visual pigment retinal,
and in rubber:
23. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a ____
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
24. The specific amino acid sequence of a protein is its ____.
25. What is the difference in the bonding between alpha-helix and beta sheets?
26. Denaturation disrupts the secondary and tertiary structure of proteins. However,
denaturation is not strong enough to disrupt what interaction that is relevant to protein
structure?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
27. The information storage molecules of cells are called:
28.
The nitrogenous base that is only found in DNA and not in RNA is:
rev: 02_22_2014_QC_45858
29. The nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and not DNA is:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
30. Fructose and galactose both have six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six
oxygen atoms, just like glucose. A friend of yours says: “Since those sugars have the same
number of atoms, they should have the same name.” You answer: “While they do have the
same number and type of atoms,
31. A candy bar contains 108 calories per serving. There are 4 grams of carbohydrate, 5
grams of protein, and 8 grams of fat in a serving. How many of the calories come from fat?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Clarify Question
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What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about calories per gram? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
32. A low fat cookie with 2 grams of fat, 10 grams of carbohydrate, and 2 grams of protein
contains:
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
protein.
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What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you know about calories per gram? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
calories?
33. A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that:
34.
A nucleic acid contains thymine, allowing you to conclude that:_22_2014_QC_45858
Chapter 03 – The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
35. Proteins are created with:
36. Phospholipids are made up of:
37. Carbohydrates are composed of: