Chapter 3—Displaying Data
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
3.1 Frequency distributions are used
3.2 + Assume that you have a set of data with 70 values spread fairly evenly between 0
and 100. The optimal number of categories for a histogram of these data would
be approximately
3.3 The “real lower limit” of an interval in a histogram is
3.4 + Outliers are
3.5 + If you created a stem-and-leaf display of the math SAT scores of all entering
students in a large Midwestern state university, the stem would best be
3.6 If you created a stem-and-leaf display of the math SAT scores of all entering
students in a large Midwestern state university, the leaves would most likely be
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3.7 In the text there was a stem-and-leaf display showing the performance of students
who attended class regularly and those who often skipped class. This display
illustrated
3.8 + Assume that we had the following set of data:
Score
11
12
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Frequency
2
1
5
8
6
12
13
10
15
9
8
These data would most likely be characterized as
3.9 + For the data referred to in the previous question, the distribution would best be
called
3.10 When we plot a histogram, the values on the X axis are
3.11 A stem-and-leaf display is often
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3.12 The following graphic is adapted from one in Wainer (1984), plotting the number
of private and public elementary schools (in thousands) in the U.S. between 1930
and 1970. Wainer was presenting it as a bad example, and I have made it worse.
What is bad about this example?
3.13 + The Center for Disease Control has published statistics relating maternal smoking
to low birth weight. The data follow in terms of the percentage of birth weights <
2500 grams for mothers in each of the two groups.
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Smokers
11.36%
11.25
11.41
11.49
11.84
NonSmokers
6.02%
6.14
6.36
6.35
6.56
Which of the following ways of presenting the data would be most informative?
3.14 The data in the previous question show a much higher incidence of low birth
weight babies from mothers who smoke. This finding is likely to be a reliable one
because
3.15 Inglehart (1990) presented data on the mean Satisfaction with Life scores for 24
developed countries. These data follow:
Country
Mean Satisfaction
Country
Mean Satisfaction
Portugal
5.5
Canada
7.2
Greece
5.8
Belgium
7.3
Japan
6.4
Britain
7.5
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Spain
6.5
U.S.A.
7.55
Italy
6.5
Ireland
7.7
South Africa
6.6
Luxemburg
7.75
France
6.6
Finland
7.75
Argentina
6.72
Norway
7.85
Hungary
6.95
Australia
7.9
Austria
7.1
Switzerland
7.95
Netherlands
7.2
Denmark
8.0
West Germany
7.2
Sweden
8.0
A histogram of these data would be
3.16 On October 25, 1978 the Washington Post presented a graphic showing the
declining purchasing power of the U.S. dollar. What was worth $1 in 1958 was
worth only $0.44 in 1978. They illustrated the decline in value by showing a
dollar that was 3 inches by 1 inch in 1959, and one that was 1.32 inches (44% of 3
inches) by .44 inches in 1978. What is wrong with this kind of a display?
3.17 + “5s” represents what numbers on a stem-and-leaf display according to Tukey?
3.18 + On a recent fundraising drive, most of the 30 volunteers raised between $10 and
$50 each. However, Brian and Karen each raised over $100. Which of the
following is true?
3.19 + Which of the following is the least important characteristic of graphics?
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3.20 Someone asks you if you have seen the movie Titanic. Before you answer, you
look back into your memory for all of the movies you have ever seen and review
the titles one at a time. This is an example of
3.21 + A data set of test scores consisted of the following:
36
42
55
60
63
75
77
78
79
80
83
83
84
84
85
85
86
87
91
91
92
94
99
On a stem-and-leaf display, the values of the tens digits (3 – 9) are
3.22 The above data set appears
3.23 In the above data set, the outliers would most likely be
3.24 A normal distribution must
3.25 In making plots of data, which of the following rules is true?
Chapter 3
3.26 + The onset of eating disorders was shown to occur most often during puberty and
during the late teen years in girls. A distribution of the frequencies of onset of
eating disorders by age would most likely be
3.27 + The real lower limit and the real upper limit of the interval 40-49 are
3.28 + Which of the following distributions can be symmetric?
3.29 In deciding on the number of stems to use in a stem and leaf display,
3.30 A frequency distribution
3.31 + To get an accurate idea about the shape of a distribution,
3.32 Kurtosis is
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3.33 + If the distribution of the ages of people were positively skewed, which of the
following is most likely correct?
3.34 A negatively skewed distribution
3.35 Displaying data on graphs
3.36 Boxplots are graphical displays that
3.37 Assume that you have a set of data with 70 values spread fairly evenly between 0
and 100. The optimal number of categories for a histogram of these data would
be approximately
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
2, 3, and 4.
0
12223
1
00023334489
3
0111222344456667789
4
0000111122355799
5
00000002335
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an interval is plotted.
and-leaf plot is preferable to a histogram.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Value
Frequency
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
The next six questions are based on the following data.
1
9
15
20
25
29
32
40
47
2
10
16
21
26
30
35
42
49
3
11
16
22
27
31
35
42
50
5
13
18
24
28
31
35
43
50
6
14
19
24
28
32
37
45
51
7
14
20
25
29
32
39
46
59
3.48 Create a stem and leaf plot for these data.
3.49 Create a frequency distribution for these data.
3.50 Create a histogram for these data using an interval of 5 (e.g., 0 to 5, 6 to 10).
3.51 Is the distribution symmetrical?
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3.52 Where do the data tend to cluster?
3.53 Which graphical technique do you think displays the data least effectively? Why?
3.54 Draw a distribution that is negatively skewed.
3.55 Answer the following questions based on the graph below.
score
7.00
6.75
6.50
6.25
6.00
5.75
5.50
5.25
5.00
4.75
4.50
4.25
4.00
3.75
3.50
3.25
3.00
2.75
Frequency
20
15
10
5
0
a) Is the graph symmetrical?
b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal?
c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively?
d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?
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3.56 Answer the following questions based on the graph below.
score
4.003.753.503.253.002.752.502.252.001.75
Frequency
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
a) Is the graph symmetrical?
b) Is the graph unimodal or bimodal?
c) Do the data appear skewed? If so, positively or negatively?
d) Do there appear to be outliers? If so, for what values?
3.57 Use two terms to describe the following data.
Score
18.2
17.2
16.2
15.1
14.1
13.1
12.1
11.0
10.0
9.0
7.9
6.9
5.9
4.9
3.8
2.8
1.8
Frequency
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
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Answers to Open-ended Questions
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Test Bank