Chapter 03 – The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
1. The plasma membrane consists mostly of lipids and proteins plus small amounts of ____.
a.
collagen
b.
chondroitin
c.
glucosamine
d.
coenzyme Q10
e.
carbohydrate
e
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1 – Discuss the structure and four functions of the plasma membrane
2. How many layers of phospholipids make up plasma membranes?
a.
six
b.
five
c.
four
d.
three
e.
two
e
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1 – Discuss the structure and four functions of the plasma membrane
3. What are the most abundant plasma membrane lipids?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1 – Discuss the structure and four functions of the plasma membrane
4. Proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer are called ____.
a.
intercepting proteins
b.
integral proteins
c.
bilayer proteins
d.
bilamina proteins
e.
penetrating proteins
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1 – Discuss the structure and four functions of the plasma membrane
5. What are the three important functions of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?
Chapter 03 – The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
a.
forms the basic membrane structure; hydrophilic interior acts as barrier; aids in RNA transfer
b.
forms the basic membrane structure; hydrophobic interior acts as barrier; responsible for fluidity
c.
forms the basic membrane structure; hydrophobic interior acts as barrier; aids in RNA transfer
d.
allows electrical flow via nerves; hydrophobic interior acts as barrier; responsible for fluidity
e.
allows electrical flow via nerves; hydrophilic interior acts as barrier; responsible for fluidity
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
6. Which type of proteins are located on the inner membrane surface and bind lock-and-key fashion with secretory
vesicles?
a.
docking-marker acceptors
b.
secretory acceptors
c.
binding acceptors
d.
lock-and-key proteins
e.
inner proteins
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1.2 – Describe at least five specialized functions of membrane proteins
7. Cadherins and integrins are examples of what type of membrane protein?
a.
cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
b.
collective additive molecules (CAMs)
c.
adhesive membrane proteins (AMPs)
d.
adhesive lipid molecules (ALMs)
e.
adhesive locking molecules (ALMs)
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.1.2 – Describe at least five specialized functions of membrane proteins
8. What is the main role of membrane carbohydrates?
a.
electrical conductance
b.
self-identity markers
c.
transport molecules
d.
barrier compounds
e.
initiates endocytosis
3.1 Membrane Structure and Functions
9. Cells organized into appropriate groupings are held together by what three means?
a.
ALMs, extracellular matrix, and carbohydrate molecules
b.
CAMs, cholesterol, and carbohydrate molecules
c.
CAMs, extracellular matrix, and specialized cell junctions
d.
CAMs, cholesterol, and specialized cell junctions
e.
ALMs, extracellular matrix, and specialized cell junctions
c
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
HUPH.SHER.16.3.2 – Describe the three ways in which cells are held together in a tissue
10. What are the three major types of protein fibers that are woven through the interstitial fluid?
a.
collagen, chondroitin, elastin
b.
fibronectin, lecithin, fibrinogen
c.
elastin, lecithin, chondroitin
d.
collagen, elastin, and fibronectin
e.
fibrinogen, collagen, chondroitin
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
11. What tissue contains the most amount of extracellular matrix (ECM)?
a.
epithelial tissue
b.
muscle tissue
c.
nervous tissue
d.
connective tissue
e.
heart muscle
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
12. Tight junctions are found primarily in what type of tissue?
a.
nerves
b.
tendons
c.
brain tissue
d.
muscles
e.
sheets of epithelial tissue
e
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
13. What kind of junctions are impermeable junctions that join the lateral edges of epithelial cells near their luminal
borders, thus preventing movement of materials between the cells?
a.
gap junctions
b.
desmosomes
c.
luminal junctions
d.
plasma junctions
e.
tight junctions
e
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
link cells
14. Gap junctions are especially abundant in what kind of tissue?
a.
nerves
b.
tendons
c.
cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
d.
brain tissue
e.
fingernails
c
3.2 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
15. In terms of plasma membrane transport, which descriptor is the most accurate?
a.
permeable
b.
selectively permeable
c.
non-permeable
d.
porous
e.
sealed
3.3 Overview of Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.3 – Discuss the selective permeability of the plasma membrane
16. Two properties of particles influence whether they can permeate the plasma membrane without assistance: ____.
a.
size and the relative solubility of the particle in lipid
b.
size and the relative solubility of the particle in water
c.
shape and the relative solubility of the particle in water
d.
shape and size
e.
electrical charge and shape
Chapter 03 – The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
3.3 Overview of Membrane Transport
17. Water-soluble (lipid-insoluble) ions have to be smaller than what diameter in order to use protein channels for passage
across the membrane?
a.
0.1 nm
b.
0.4 nm
c.
0.8 nm
d.
1 nm
e.
8 nm
3.3 Overview of Membrane Transport
18. What are the two general types of force that accomplish transport of substances across a membrane?
a.
push and pull forces
b.
attractive and repulsive
c.
negative and positive
d.
passive and active forces
e.
up and down forces
3.3 Overview of Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.3 – Discuss the selective permeability of the plasma membrane
19. What are the two passive forms of movement across a plasma membrane?
a.
diffusion down a concentration gradient and movement along an electrical gradient
b.
phagocytosis and movement along an electrical gradient
c.
diffusion down a concentration gradient and pinocytosis
d.
phagocytosis and osmosis
e.
diffusion along an electrical gradient and osmosis
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
20. What is the action of a solvent?
a.
It is a compound that dissolves in waer.
b.
It is a dissolving medium.
Chapter 03 – The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
c.
It is a compound that evaporates.
d.
It is a compound that forms salt.
e.
It is a compound that gains electrons.
Bloom’s: Remember
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
21. How is O2 (oxygen) transported across the lung membrane?
a.
by osmosis
b.
by pinocytosis
c.
by diffusion
d.
via a carrier lipid
e.
via a carrier protein
Bloom’s: Remember
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
substances across the membrane
22. What law governs how concentration gradients and other factors influence the rate of net diffusion?
a.
Fick’s law of osmosis
b.
Fick’s law of movement
c.
Fick’s law of gradients
d.
Fick’s law of diffusion
e.
Fick’s law of concentrations
Bloom’s: Remember
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
23. What happens to the diffusion rate as the distance increases?
a.
speeds up
b.
no change
c.
requires more energy
d.
triggers the membrane to change
e.
becomes slower
Bloom’s: Remember
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
24. In addition to the concentration gradient, what else affects the movement of ions across plasma membranes?
a.
electrical charge
Chapter 03 – The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential
b.
molecular weight
c.
vibration
d.
spin
e.
number of atoms
a
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
across the membrane
25. What term refers to the net diffusion of water down its concentration gradient through a selectively permeable
membrane?
a.
phagocytosis
b.
pinocytosis
c.
osmosis
d.
hydrogen selectivity
e.
aquatic diffusion
c
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
26. The tonicity of a solution refers to the effect that the ____.
a.
solute has on ion volume when the solution surrounds the ions
b.
solution has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell
c.
solution has on cell volume when the solution surrounds the cell
d.
solvent has on cell mass when the solution surrounds the cell
e.
solution has on ion mass when the solution surrounds the ions
c
3.4 Unassisted Membrane Support
HUPH.SHER.16.3.3.5 – Discuss tonicity and its effect on cell volume
27. What two methods do cells use to accomplish selective transport processes across membranes?
a.
carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport
b.
protein-assisted osmosis and vesicular transport
c.
phagocytosis and carrier-mediated transport
d.
protein-assisted transport and electrical diffusion
e.
phagocytosis and electrical diffusion
a
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4 – Discuss the two different mechanisms of assisted membrane transport
28. What method do cells use to transfer small to moderate-sized water-soluble substances across the membrane?
a.
vesicular transport
b.
carrier-mediated transport
c.
phagocytosis
d.
protein-assisted osmosis
e.
electrical diffusion
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4 – Discuss the two different mechanisms of assisted membrane transport
29. Compared to membrane carriers, how much faster are channels at allowing particles/ions to pass through the plasma
membrane?
a.
2x
b.
10x
c.
25x
d.
100x
e.
1,000x
e
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4 – Discuss the two different mechanisms of assisted membrane transport
30. What is the most notable example of facilitated diffusion within the body?
a.
transport of sodium out of cells
b.
transport of potassium out of cells
c.
transport of waste products out of cells
d.
transport of iron into cells
e.
transport of glucose into cells
e
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
31. What are active-transport mechanisms commonly called?
a.
bridges
b.
pumps
c.
couriers
d.
funnels
e.
engines
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4.3 – Distinguish between the two forms of carrier-mediated transport
32. In what type of transport system does the carrier NOT directly split ATP to move a substance against its concentration
gradient?
a.
passive secondary transport
b.
active primary transport
c.
primary active transport
d.
secondary active transport
e.
carrier mediated diffusion
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4.3 – Distinguish between the two forms of carrier-mediated transport
33. How do large polar molecules, such as the protein hormones secreted by endocrine cells or bacteria ingested by white
blood cells, leave or enter the cell?
a.
by the process known as vesicular transport
b.
by the process of osmosis
c.
by selective passive transport
d.
by the help of large lipid carriers
e.
by the help of large protein carriers
a
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4.4 – Describe the two types of vesicular transport
34. What are the two types of vesicular transport?
a.
protein transport and lipid transport
b.
intercellular transport and intracellular transport
c.
extracellular transport and extranuclear transport
d.
endocytosis and exocytosis
e.
active transport and passive transport
3.5 Assisted Membrane Transport
HUPH.SHER.16.3.4.4 – Describe the two types of vesicular transport
35. What units are the membrane potentials measured in?
a.
amperes
b.
milliamps
c.
Teslas
d.
volts
e.
millivolts
e
3.6 Membrane Potential
36. For every two potassium ions, how many sodium ions are pumped out of the cell by the sodium-potassium pump?
a.
one
b.
two
c.
three
d.
four
e.
five
c
Bloom’s: Remember
3.6 Membrane Potential
HUPH.SHER.16.3.5.2 – Discuss the influence of key ions on membrane potential
37. What ion is more concentrated in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
a.
potassium ions
b.
sodium ions
c.
hydrogen ions
d.
phosphorus ions
e.
nitrogen ions
Bloom’s: Remember
3.6 Membrane Potential
HUPH.SHER.16.3.5.2 – Discuss the influence of key ions on membrane potential
38. What is the equilibrium potential for sodium ions?
a.
–60 mV
b.
–30 mV
c.
zero
d.
+30 mV
e.
+60 mV
e
Bloom’s: Remember
3.6 Membrane Potential
HUPH.SHER.16.3.5.2 – Discuss the influence of key ions on membrane potential
39. Membrane potential can be calculated by using what equation?
a.
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation
b.
Fick’s equation
c.
Nernst equation
d.
Tesla equation
e.
Edison equation
a
Bloom’s: Remember
3.6 Membrane Potential
HUPH.SHER.16.3.5.1 – Explain the basic concept of membrane potential of cells
40. What is the principal negative ion (anion) in the extracellular fluid (ECF) that is present in high concentrations?
a.
sodium
b.
potassium
c.
glucose
d.
calcium
e.
chloride
e
41. Cells have a membrane potential, a slight excess of positive charges lined up along the inside of the membrane and a
slight excess of negative charges on the outside.
a.
True
b.
False
False
42. A common view of the membrane structure is known as the static mosaic model.
a.
True
b.
False
False
43. Many proteins on the outer surface of the cell are receptors, sites that “recognize” and bind with specific extracellular
chemical messengers (signal molecules) in the cell’s environment.
a.
True
b.
False
True
44. Carbohydrate-containing surface markers are involved in tissue growth.
a.
True
b.
False
True
45. Cells are held together by a “biological glue” called the intracellular matrix.
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. Fibronectin promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position.
a.
True
b.
False
True
47. Most of the abundant matrix in connective tissue is secreted by fibroblasts.
a.
True
b.
False
True
48. Desmosomes are the weakest cell-to-cell connections.
a.
True
b.
False
False
49. Passage across the epithelial barrier must take place between the cells, not through them.
a.
True
b.
False
False