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1. Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are
called:
a.
sureties.
b.
entities.
c.
trustees.
d.
fallons.
2. What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt
obligation with the state?
a.
banishment
b.
judicial reprieve
c.
probation
d.
recognizance
3. Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of:
a.
Howard.
b.
Manconochie.
c.
Bentham.
d.
Augustus.
4. The ____________________ is a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as
soon as possible.
a.
reintegrative philosophy
b.
reintegrative shaming
c.
rehabilitation philosophy
d.
reinstatement philosophy
5. What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction?
a.
Georgia
b.
California
c.
Massachusetts
d.
Texas
6. The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:
a.
probation.
b.
restitution.
c.
Prison.
d.
Jail.
7. The philosophy driving community-based corrections is:
a.
rehabilitation
b.
reintegrative
c.
restitution
d.
reactive
8. The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:
a.
Community Shares Act
b.
Intergovernmental Agreement Act
c.
Community Corrections Act
d.
Local Community Crimes-Based Act
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?
a.
CCAs are created by each state’s supreme court.
b.
CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.
c.
CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.
d.
CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.
10. Historically, diversion programs were used for:
a.
first-time or youthful offenders.
b.
those suspected of minor offenses.
c.
mentally disordered offenders.
d.
all of these.
11. Which of the following is Not a goal of diversion today?
a.
avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration
b.
providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from
c.
dealing with the punitively oriented alternative
d.
providing a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities
12. What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable
him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?
a.
absolute diversion
b.
real diversion
c.
statutory diversion
d.
true diversion
13. Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to
divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system?
a.
BASC
b.
DASC
c.
MASC
d.
TASC
14. A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known
as:
a.
Drug Abuse Alternatives.
b.
Addiction Recovery Program.
c.
Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime.
d.
Safe House Recovery Program.
15. Probation sentences are for:
a.
an unlimited time.
b.
a fixed period.
c.
all misdemeanants.
d.
a time set by the probation officer.
16. If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be:
a.
extended.
b.
changed to include harsher rules.
c.
revoked.
d.
all of these choices.
17. ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private
nonprofit or government agency.
a.
Community service
b.
Financial restitution
c.
Restorative service
d.
Center probation
18. Which of the following is Not a feature of probation?
a.
prison time
b.
drug testing
c.
payment of fees
d.
regular employment
19. Why are so many probationers HIV positive?
a.
high rates of injection drug use
b.
risky sexual behavior
c.
both a and b
d.
none of these
20. About ____________________ of all probationers are felons.
a.
one-fourth
b.
one-third
c.
one-half
d.
two-thirds
21. During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new
policies that were known as a:
a.
rehabilitation management system.
b.
reformation management system.
c.
risk management system.
d.
strategic management system.
22. Which of the following is Not one of the features of “the new penology”?
a.
It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk
management.
b.
It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself.
c.
Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and
subjects.
d.
It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents.
23. Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as
much as ____________________ percent.
a.
10
b.
20
c.
30
d.
50
24. The United States has approximately ____________________ adult probation agencies.
a.
500
b.
2,000
c.
1,200
d.
1,000
25. Recidivism rises as probation caseload size ____________________.
a.
increases
b.
decreases
c.
remains static
d.
none of these choices
26. A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means:
a.
post sentencing inquiry.
b.
pre release system interrogatory.
c.
pre sentence investigation.
d.
pre selected investigation.
27. In ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional
protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.
a.
List v. Indiana University of Pennsylvania
b.
Griffin v. Wisconsin
c.
Gagnon v. Scarpelli
d.
Gardner v. Florida
28. Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme
Court case?
a.
Bell v. Citadel
b.
Roethlisberger v. Georgia
c.
Jackson v. United States
d.
Gardner v. Florida
29. A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:
a.
bench probation.
b.
deferred sentence.
c.
shock probation.
d.
split probation.
30. Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:
a.
shock probation.
b.
bench probation.
c.
deferred probation.
d.
split probation.
31. A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:
a.
shock probation.
b.
deferred probation.
c.
split probation.
d.
bench probation.
32. A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is a:
a.
conveyed sentence.
b.
bench probation.
c.
split sentence.
d.
shock probation.
33. Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was started in:
a.
Georgia.
b.
California.
c.
New York.
d.
Florida.
34. In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending:
a.
increased.
b.
declined.
c.
doubled.
d.
did not change.
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his
state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he
learns about Minnesota’s Community Corrections Act.
35. Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota’s community-oriented corrections. He wants to implement many
of the same policies when he returns to his state. Which of the following would most likely Not be part of a
community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation?
a.
The law would be judicially authorized.
b.
There would be a decentralized program design and delivery.
c.
The CCA would be authorized statewide.
d.
The CCA would provide for citizen involvement.
36. Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a
diversion program?
a.
Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration.
b.
Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation.
c.
Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.
d.
Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime.
37. Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful
completion of their required programs. This is known as ____________________ diversion.
a.
absolute
b.
real
c.
static
d.
true
38. Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials.
He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals
on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:
a.
African American females.
b.
African American males.
c.
Hispanic males.
d.
White males.
39. Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons people are on probation. If Governor Jones’ state
is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of?
a.
domestic violence
b.
property offenses
c.
arson
d.
none of the above
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but
never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully
completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
40. Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year?
a.
Jack was abusive to his wife.
b.
Jack was a child molester.
c.
Jack was a drug abuser.
d.
Jack was a shop lifter.
41. One of the conditions of Jack’s probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss
and damage that he caused. What is this payment called?
a.
community service
b.
fine
c.
retribution
d.
restitution
42. In Jack’s case, who had the final approval in the decision of probation?
a.
judge
b.
jury
c.
probation officer
d.
victim
43. In the state where Jack will be serving his probation, there is a locally administered probation department.
Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable
for?
a.
providing financial support
b.
setting standards
c.
arranging training courses
d.
all of these
44. Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible
for preparing this report?
a.
judge
b.
jury
c.
probation officer
d.
victim
45. One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local
sentencing options.
a.
True
b.
False
46. In the middle of the 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Augustus in Massachusetts.
a.
True
b.
False
47. Since the first and most developed community corrections act took place in Minnesota, about 25 states have
implemented CCAs for adults.
a.
True
b.
False
48. Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial.
a.
True
b.
False
49. True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable
him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.
a.
True
b.
False
50. Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who
can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted.
a.
True
b.
False
51. The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
52. TASC, or team-administered sexual comprehension, programs, are aimed at treating sexual predators for reintegration
back into society.
a.
True
b.
False
