Introduction to General, Organic & Biological Chemistry, 12e (Timberlake)
Chapter 3 Matter and Energy
3.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is an element?
A) tin
B) water
C) salt
D) sugar
E) iced tea
2) Helium is a(n) ________.
A) compound
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) element
D) homogeneous mixture
E) electron
3) Coins in a piggy bank are an example of a(n) ________.
A) compound
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) element
D) homogeneous mixture
E) none of the above
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4) Gold in a ring is a(n) ________.
A) compound
B) heterogeneous mixture
C) element
D) homogeneous mixture
E) none of the above
5) Which of the following is not an element?
A) tin
B) water
C) gold
D) silver
E) carbon
6) Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
A) noodle soup
B) water
C) sugar
D) tea
E) carbon
7) Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
A) noodle soup
B) water
C) sugar
D) tea
E) carbon
8) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the solid state?
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A) has a definite shape
B) has a definite volume
C) particles are close together
D) particles are moving very fast
E) particles are in fixed positions
9) Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A) grinding coffee beans
B) baking a cake
C) converting water to hydrogen and oxygen
D) digesting a cheeseburger
E) burning coal
10) Which of the following would not be a physical change?
A) freezing water to make ice cubes
B) tearing a piece of aluminum foil
C) boiling water for soup
D) burning gasoline in a lawnmower
E) melting gold to make jewelry
11) Which of the following is a chemical change?
A) cutting a rope
B) bending a steel rod
C) making a snowman
D) burning sugar
E) melting gold
12) Which of the following is a physical change?
A) baking a cake
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B) solid dry ice changing to a gas
C) fermenting grapes to produce wine
D) digesting a meal
E) a tomato ripening
13) Which of the following is a chemical change?
A) burning natural gas
B) melting ice
C) hammering gold into foil
D) cutting a tomato
E) cutting paper
14) Which of the following is a physical change?
A) iron rusts
B) ice melts
C) sugar caramelizes
D) food digests
E) natural gas burns
15) Which of the following is a property of a solid?
A) It takes the shape of the container.
B) It fills the volume of the container.
C) The particles move at a rapid rate.
D) The interactions between its particles are very weak.
E) The particles have fixed positions and are very close together.
16) In a gas, the distance between the particles is ________.
A) very close relative to the size of the molecules
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B) close relative to the size of the molecules
C) fixed relative to the size of the molecules
D) small relative to the size of the molecules
E) very large relative to the size of the molecules
17) Which of the following is a physical property of both liquids and gases?
A) has its own shape
B) has a definite volume
C) has strong interactions between its particles
D) has randomly arranged particles
E) has large spaces between molecules
18) Which one of the following properties describes a liquid?
A) has its own shape
B) particles are close together and move randomly
C) particles move very rapidly
D) fills the entire volume of the container
E) There is essentially no interaction between the particles.
19) In which of the following would the particles move most rapidly?
A) ice at -20 °C
B) water at 20 °C
C) steam at 110 °C
D) boiling water
E) ice at 0 °C
20) If the temperature is 20. °C, what is the corresponding temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?
A) -22 °F
B) 68 °F
C) 43 °F
D) 239 °F
E) 94 °F
21) If the temperature is -55 °F, what is the corresponding temperature on the Kelvin scale?
A) 225 K
B) 218 K
C) 55 K
D) 273 K
E) 328 K
22) A patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C. What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?
A) 70.5 °F
B) 311 °F
C) 126.9 °F
D) 101.3 °F
E) 11.7 °F
23) The temperature of liquid nitrogen is -196 °C. What is the corresponding reading on the
Kelvin scale?
A) 77 K
B) -127 K
C) -91 K
D) 48 K
E) 146 K
24) On a hot day, the thermometer read 95 °F. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius?
A) 77 °C
B) 113 °C
C) 35 °C
D) 63 °C
E) 178 °C
25) A temperature of 41 °F is the same as ________.
A) 5 °C
B) 310 °C
C) -9 °C
D) 16 °C
E) 42 °C
26) Absolute zero is ________.
A) the freezing point of water using the Celsius scale
B) the boiling point of liquid nitrogen
C) the temperature on the Kelvin scale corresponding to 32 °F
D) the coldest temperature possible
E) the freezing point of liquid nitrogen
27) An example of kinetic energy is ________.
A) a coiled spring
B) running water
C) a tree
D) natural gas
E) food
28) The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is called ________.
A) temperature
B) electrical energy
C) heat
D) chemical energy
E) potential energy
29) Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
A) chewing food
B) water stored in a reservoir
C) burning wood
D) a fan blade turning
E) riding an exercise bike
30) The phrase “ability to do work” is a definition of ________.
A) specific heat
B) energy
C) calorie
D) heating
E) cooling
31) The energy stored in molecules is ________.
A) specific heat
B) kinetic energy
C) potential energy
D) work
E) a calorie
32) The energy of motion is referred to as ________.
A) work
B) freezing
C) specific heat
D) potential energy
E) kinetic energy
33) Climate change is believed to result from all of the following except ________.
A) burning of fossil fuels
B) increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C) deforestation
D) movement of the earth closer to the sun
E) carbon dioxide trapping the heat produced by the sun
34) 650. J is the same amount of energy as ________.
A) 155 cal
B) 2720 cal
C) 650. cal
D) 1550 cal
E) 2.72 cal
35) 3.25 kcal is the same amount of energy as ________.
A) 3.25 J
B) 0.777 J
C) 777 J
D) 13600 J
E) 13.6 J
36) A potato contains 20 g of carbohydrate. If carbohydrate has a caloric value of 4 kcal/g, how
many kcal are obtained from the carbohydrate in the potato?
A) 5 kcal
B) 20 kcal
C) 40 kcal
D) 60 kcal
E) 80 kcal
37) One cup of kidney beans contains 15 g of protein, 1 g of fat, and 42 g of carbohydrate. How
many kilocalories, to two significant figures, does this sample contain? (The caloric values are: 4
kcal/g for carbohydrate, 9 kcal/g for fat, and 4 kcal/g for protein.)
A) 60. kcal
B) 88 kcal
C) 230 kcal
D) 240 kcal
E) 520 kcal
38) A cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant contains 19 g of fat, 20 g of carbohydrate, and 28
g of protein. How many kcal of energy does the cheeseburger contain? (The caloric values are:
4 kcal/g for carbohydrate, 9 kcal/g for fat, and 4 kcal/g for protein.) Give the answer to 2
significant figures.
A) 70. kcal
B) 360 kcal
C) 17 kcal
D) 630 kcal
E) 280 kcal
39) A serving of fish contains 50 g protein and 4 g of fat. If protein has a caloric value of 4
kcal/g and fat has
9 kcal/g, how many kcal are in the serving? Give the answer to 2 significant figures.
A) 240 kcal
B) 54 kcal
C) 470 kcal
D) 220 kcal
E) 490 kcal
40) A slice of pizza contains 28 g of carbohydrate, 13 g of protein and fat. If the pizza contains
280 kcal, how many grams of fat are present?(The caloric values are: 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate,
9 kcal/g for fat, and 4 kcal/g for protein. Give the answer to 2 significant figures.)
A) 28 g
B) 13 g
C) 10. g
D) 55 g
E) 250 g
41) The dietary calorie(Cal) is equal to ________.
A) 1000 kcal
B) 1000 cal
C) 100 cal
D) 10 cal
E) 1 cal
42) The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat needed to ________.
A) change 1 g of the substance from the solid to the liquid state
B) raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance by 1 °C
C) change 1 g of the substance from the liquid to the solid state
D) convert 1 g of a liquid to gas
E) convert 1 g of a solid to a gas
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43) A kilocalorie of heat is required to raise the temperature of ________.
A) 1 g of water from 14 °C to 15 °C
B) 1 g of water by 10 °C
C) 10 g of water by 10 °C
D) 100 g of water by 10 °C
E) 100 g of water by 100 °C
44) How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 35.0 g sample of iron from 25
°C to 35 °C? Iron has a specific heat of 0.108 cal/g °C.
A) 38 cal
B) 1.1 cal
C) 3.8 cal
D) 93 cal
E) 130 cal
45) How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 150. g sample of gold from 25
°C to 175 °C? The specific heat of gold is 0.0308 cal/g °C.
A) 4.62 cal
B) 116 cal
C) 22500 cal
D) 693 cal
E) 130. cal
46) How many calories are required to increase the temperature of 13 g of ethanol from 11 °C to
23 °C? The specific heat of ethanol is 0.59 cal/g °C.
A) 83 cal
B) 0.63 cal
C) 92 cal
D) 0.54 cal
E) 170 cal
47) The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/g °C, and the specific heat of silver is
If 100 cal of heat is added to one g of each metal at 25 °C, what is the expected result?
A) The copper will reach a higher temperature.
B) The silver will reach a higher temperature.
C) The two samples will reach the same temperature.
D) The copper will reach a temperature lower than 25 °C.
E) The silver will soften.
48) Which of the following quantities is not required to calculate the amount of heat energy
required to heat water from 25 °C to 55 °C?
A) the mass of the water sample
B) the initial temperature
C) the final temperature
D) the specific heat of water
E) the heat of vaporization for water
49) Raising the temperature of 10.0 g of water from 10.0 °C to 20.0 °C requires 100.0 cal of
energy, while raising the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 10.0 °C to 20.0 °C requires
22.0 cal. More calories are required to heat the water because ________.
A) water is a liquid and aluminum is a solid at 10.0 °C
B) ten grams of water occupies a larger volume than 10.0 g of aluminum
C) water has a greater potential energy than aluminum
D) water has a larger specific heat than aluminum
E) 10.0 °C is closer to the melting point of water than to the melting point of aluminum
50) The number of calories needed to raise the temperature of 32 g of water from
________.
A) 380 cal
B) 1.3 cal
C) 1300 cal
D) 1700 cal
E) 0.76 cal
51) The physical state(s) present when a substance is melting is (are) ________.
A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) solid + liquid
E) liquid + gas
52) If the heat of fusion for water is 80. cal/g, how many calories are needed to melt 45.0 g of ice
at 0 °C?
A) 3.6 cal
B) 3.6 × cal
C) 1.8 cal
D) 80. cal
E) 0.56 cal
53) The formation of a gas resulting from the escape of high-energy particles from the surface of
a liquid is known as ________.
A) evaporation
B) deposition
C) boiling
D) melting
E) sublimation
54) When a solid is converted directly to a gas, the change of state is called ________.
A) freezing
B) melting
C) boiling
D) condensation
E) sublimation
55) A burn from steam at 100 °C is expected to be more severe than a burn from boiling water at
100 °C because ________.
A) the steam is hotter than the boiling water
B) there is more steam than water
C) the steam will give off a large amount of heat as it condenses
D) you are more likely to come into contact with the steam than with the boiling water
E) All of these answers are correct.
56) The heat of fusion for water is 80. cal/g. How many calories of heat are released when 20.0
g of water at is frozen to ice?
A) 620 cal
B) 1600 cal
C) 2000 cal
D) 2200 cal
E) 0 cal
57) The heat of fusion for water is 80. cal/g. How many calories of heat are needed to melt a 35
g ice cube that has a temperature of 0 °C?
A) 2300 cal
B) 1600 cal
C) 2800 cal
D) 540 cal
E) 0 cal
58) The heat of vaporization for water is 540 cal/g. How many kilocalories are needed to change
22 g of liquid water to steam at
A) 540 kcal
B) 12 kcal
C) 12000 kcal
D) 25 kcal
E) 1.8 kcal
59) If the heat of vaporization for water is 540 cal/g, how many kilocalories are released when
5.00 g of steam is converted to liquid at
A) 540 kcal
B) 5.0 kcal
C) 110 kcal
D) 2.7 kcal
E) 5.4 kcal
60) Which of the following does not involve a change of state?
A) melting ice
B) freezing water
C) vaporization of alcohol
D) sublimation of dry ice
E) pouring water into a vacuum-insulated bottle
61) A heating curve illustrates ________.
A) what a substance looks like as it is heated
B) what happens to the particles of a substance as it is heated
C) what happens to the heat applied as the temperature is increased
D) the changes in the temperature and physical state of a substance as it is heated
E) the chemical changes that occur as the substance is heated
62) On a heating curve a plateau corresponds to ________.
A) a change in temperature of a liquid
B) a change in temperature of a solid
C) a change in temperature of a gas
D) a change of state
E) the solid being broken into smaller pieces
63) Which of the following does not represent a step on the heating curve of water?
A) The temperature of steam cannot exceed 100 °C.
B) The temperature of ice remains at 0 °C as it melts.
C) The temperature of liquid water increases linearly as it is heated.
D) The temperature of liquid water remains at 100 °C as it boils.
E) Both liquid water and ice are present at 0 °C.
3.2 Short Answer Questions
1) Air is an example of a ________ mixture.
2) Liquid water changing to ice is an example of a ________ change.
3) Iron rusting is an example of a ________ change.
4) The ________ state of matter has a constant shape and volume.
5) A temperature of 20°C is equivalent to ________ K.
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6) A temperature of 50. °F is equivalent to ________°C.
7) A car driving on the freeway has ________ energy.
8) A bungee jumper just before she leaps, has ________ energy.
9) A 12-g sample of cooking oil, which is a fat, contains ________ kcal.
10) A food sample contains 6 g of carbohydrate and 4 g of protein. How many kcal from
carbohydrate and protein are in the sample?
11) The specific heat of water (in J/g °C ) is ________.
12) The change of state from solid to gas is termed ________.
13) The heat of fusion is the amount of heat necessary to change one gram of a substance from
the solid to the ________ state at its melting point.
14) The amount of heat necessary for one gram of a substance to change from the solid state to
the liquid state at its melting point is the ________.
15) When a liquid boils, the process by which the molecules leave its surface is called ________.
16) 30 °C
17) 60 °C
18) -7 °C
19) -15 °C
20) 70 °C
3.3 True/False Questions
1) Air is a heterogeneous mixture.
2) Black coffee is a homogeneous mixture.
3) A compound only contains one type of atom.
4) A liquid has its own volume and shape.
5) Iron rusting is a chemical change.
6) Ice melting is a chemical change.
7) Water vapor is a gas.
8) An object with a temperature of 20. °C is hotter than another object with a temperature of
20. °F.
9) To calculate the Kelvin temperature, subtract 273 from the Celsius temperature.
10) Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
11) The degree Celsius is a unit of energy.
12) Carbohydrates and proteins have the same caloric value per gram.
13) One gram of fat has less energy that one gram of protein.
14) The specific heat has units of kcal.
15) The heat of fusion is greater than the heat of vaporization.
16) As heat is removed from a solid, its temperature decreases.
17) When a liquid is boiling, its temperature does not change.
18) As a solid melts, its temperature does not change.
19) Steam at 100 °C contains the same amount of heat as liquid water at 100 °C.
20) The temperature at which water melts and freezes is the same.
21) Water freezes at 100 °C.
22) The heat of fusion of water is larger than the heat of vaporization.
23) Condensation occurs when a liquid is converted to a solid.
3.4 Matching Questions
Match the state(s) of matter with each of the following descriptions of a substance.
A) liquid
B) solid + liquid
C) gas
D) liquid + gas
E) solid
1) Particles are held close together in a random pattern.
Page Ref: 3.2
Learning Obj.:
Global Outcomes: 3.2
G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across chemistry.
2) Great distances exist between the particles.
Page Ref: 3.2
Learning Obj.: 3.2
Global Outcomes: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across
chemistry.
3) This material has a definite volume, and a definite shape.
Page Ref: 3.2
Learning Obj.: 3.2
Global Outcomes: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across
chemistry.
4) This substance is boiling.
Page Ref: 3.2
Learning Obj.: 3.2
Global Outcomes: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across
chemistry.
5) This substance is melting.
Page Ref: 3.2
Learning Obj.: 3.2
Global Outcomes: G7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across
chemistry.
Identify the physical state(s) corresponding to labeled regions on the cooling curve of water
shown below.
A) solid
B) liquid
C) liquid and solid
D) solid and gas
E) liquid and gas
6) A
Page Ref: 3.7
Learning Obj.: 3.7
Global Outcomes: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data.
7) B
Page Ref: 3.7
Learning Obj.: 3.7
Global Outcomes: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data. F) gas
8) C
Page Ref: 3.7
Learning Obj.: 3.7
Global Outcomes: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data.
9) D
Page Ref: 3.7
Learning Obj.: 3.7
Global Outcomes: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data.
10) E
Page Ref: 3.7
Learning Obj.: 3.7
Global Outcomes: G3 Read and interpret graphs and data.