1. Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the proponents of interactional psychology?
a. Behavior is a function of heredity and physical stature.
b. People vary in terms of cognitive, affective, motivational, and ability factors.
c. A situation can be viewed objectively.
d. One’s subjective view of the situation can also be important.
2. All of the following are examples of individual differences except:
a. personality.
b. general mental ability.
c. emotional intelligence.
d. norming.
3. Which of the following, according to Charles Spearman, is considered the single best predictor of work
performance across many occupations and across different cultures?
a. General mental ability
b. Extraversion
c. Conscientiousness
d. Emotional Stability
4. The approach to the study of personality that focuses on both person (dispositions) and situational variables as
combined predictors of behavior is known as .
a. trait theory
b. the integrative approach
c. psychodynamic theory
d. wholistic humanism
5. is the relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behavior and lends it consistency.
a. Behavioral predisposition
b. Personality
c. Emotion
d. Disposition
6. Personality is primarily shaped by:
a. the consequences of behavior and the environment.
b. a person’s emotions and the situation.
c. a person’s intelligence and feelings.
d. a person’s heredity and the environment.
7. Which traits are associated with less absenteeism at work?
a. Extraversion and emotional stability
b. Introversion and high agreeableness
c. Extraversion and conscientiousness
d. Introversion and conscientiousness
8. The traits associated with high-performing employees are:
a. extraversion and agreeableness.
b. low agreeableness and conscientiousness.
c. conscientiousness and emotional stability.
d. emotional stability and low agreeableness.
9. Which of the following is not considered one of the Big Five personality traits?
a. Heredity
b. Extraversion
c. Emotional stability
d. Conscientiousness
10. Individuals possessing an internal locus of control:
a. display high anxiety.
b. tend to be dissatisfied on the job.
c. prefer participative management styles.
d. avoid greater responsibility.
11. As a supervisor of a group of employees, all of whom have an internal locus of control, you should:
a. closely supervise them.
b. provide explicit and frequent job instructions.
c. expect to frequently discipline group members for slowness and lack of initiative.
d. allow them considerable leeway in determining how to perform their work.
12. Which of the following statements regarding internals and externals is FALSE?
a. Internals and externals have similar positive reactions to being promoted.
b. Internals appreciate more structured work settings and externals don’t react well to close supervision.
c. Internals remain happy long after the promotion, whereas externals’ joy over promotion is short-lived.
d. Externals may be more reluctant than internals to participate in decision making.
13. Generalized self-efficacy is the general:
a. feeling of one’s self-worth.
b. extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.
c. belief about one’s own abilities to perform effectively in a wide variety of situations.
d. belief about situational control over what happens to them.
14. Which of the following is one of the most important determinants of high self-efficacy?
a. An internal locus of control
b. High self-esteem
c. Previous success
d. The tendency to be a low self-monitor
15. Denise and Teresa are two students in a course on organizational behavior. Denise outperforms Teresa on the first
exam in OB, and Teresa convinces herself that Denise is not really a good person to compare herself to because
Denise is a psychology major and Teresa is majoring in accounting. Which of the following is the best explanation
for Teresa’s reaction?
a. Teresa’s high self-esteem is protecting her from this unfavorable comparison.
b. Teresa is a low self-monitor.
c. Teresa has an external locus of control.
d. Teresa probably has an inflated generalized belief of her capabilities.
16. Which of the following is NOT a component of CSE?
a. General mental ability
b. Locus of control
c. Generalized self-efficacy
d. Self-esteem
17. As a manager who understands the implications of self-esteem on work behavior, you should:
a. clearly measure the results of employee tasks.
b. provide continual positive feedback.
c. clearly tie rewards to performance.
d. give them appropriate challenges and opportunities for success.
18. Positive affectivity is likely to be displayed by:
a. persons with low self-efficacy.
b. low self-monitors.
c. persons with high anxiety.
d. internals, or those with an internal locus of control.
19. Managers who want to promote positive affectivity should:
a. allow participative decision making.
b. hire those with an external orientation.
c. reduce the anxiety in jobs.
d. prohibit employees from taking leaves.
20. The extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations refers to:
a. locus of control.
b. self-esteem.
c. self-efficacy.
d. self-monitoring.
21. When predicting behavior, an important idea to remember concerns the extent to which a situation overwhelms the
effects of individual personalities by providing cues for appropriate behavior. This type of situation is called a(n)
_____.
a. weak situation
b. integrative situation
c. rigid situation
d. strong situation
22. Which of the following personality types would most likely display the most consistent behavior “across situations”?
a. Low self-efficacy
b. High self-efficacy
c. High self-monitor
d. Low self-monitor
23. A person who is unconstrained by his or her situation and shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until he or
she effects change has:
a. an ISTJ type personality.
b. high level of self monitoring.
c. a proactive personality.
d. a negative affect.
24. A problem frequently associated with self report methods for assessing one‘s personality includes:
a. the biases of the assessor in interpreting the information.
b. the observer’s ability to stay focused.
c. the respondents’ ability to view themselves objectively.
d. the effect of observation on those being observed.
25. A count of the times a student asks a question or makes a comment in an organizational behavior course is an
example of .
a. self-report measure of personality
b. projective measure of personality
c. the MMPI test
d. behavioral measure of personality
26. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory:
a. is a projective test.
b. provides direct indices of personality.
c. is administered as an inkblot test.
d. is used to diagnose neurotic disorders.
27. A problem with the behavioral measure for personality would be:
a. low reliability.
b. the fact self-report measures suffer from potential bias.
c. their tendency to be too long.
d. the observer’s ability to stay focused.
28. The MBTI is a:
a. projective test that captures psychological disorders.
b. way to identify and understand individual differences.
c. self-report questionnaire designed to assess personality.
d. direct index of personality.
29. According to the MBTI a successful top executive is likely to have preferences for .
a. introversion, intuition, feeling, and perceiving
b. introversion, sensing, thinking, and perceiving
c. extraversion, intuition, feeling, and judging
d. extraversion, sensing, thinking, and judging
30. The basic preference in type theory that represents where you find energy is the:
a. extraversion/introversion preference.
b. sensing/intuiting preference.
c. thinking/feeling preference.
d. judging/perceiving preference.
31. According to the Jungian approach to personality, the basic preference that reflects what we pay attention to or
how we prefer to gather information is:
a. extraversion/introversion.
b. sensing/intuiting.
c. thinking/feeling.
d. judging/perceiving.
32. Jung contended that the most important distinction between individuals was the:
a. extravert/introvert preference.
b. sensing/intuiting preference.
c. thinking/feeling preference.
d. judging/perceiving preference.
33. All of the following are characteristics of the target of one’s perceptions, except:
a. physical appearance of the target.
b. oral communication.
c. nonverbal cues.
d. the purpose of interaction.
34. is the process of interpreting information about another person.
a. Self-monitoring
b. Social perception
c. Encoding
d. Evaluation
35. The three major categories of factors that influence our perception of another person include:
a. characteristics of ourselves, the target person, and the situation.
b. availability of information, the target person, and the situation.
c. recency of information, availability of information, and consistency of information.
d. characteristics of ourselves, the target person, and consistency of information.
36. The ability of an individual to perceive multiple characteristics of another person rather than attend to just a few
traits is a function of their:
a. attention span.
b. ability to focus.
c. cognitive weighting.
d. cognitive complexity.
37. Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of the perceiver that can affect social perception?
a. Familiarity with target
b. Cognitive structure
c. Self-concept
d. The strength of social cues
38. All of the following are characteristics of the target that influence social perception except:
a. inferred intentions.
b. nonverbal communication.
c. verbal communication.
d. cognitive complexity.
39. The discounting principle is a characteristic of the:
a. situation.
b. perceiver.
c. target.
d. introvert.
40. An employee who does not get along well with other employees but generates the most sales is evaluated only on
sales performance. This is an example of:
a. stereotyping.
b. impression management.
c. the self-fulfilling prophecy.
d. selective perception.
41. A supervisor’s high expectations of a new employee and the subsequent high performance of that employee is an
example of .
a. impression management
b. stereotyping
c. perceptual bias
d. self-fulfilling prophecy
42. The primacy effect is also known as .
a. selective perception
b. self-fulfilling prophecy
c. first-impression error
d. a stereotype
43. Assume you are an employment interviewer. An applicant‘s physical appearance could cause you to commit an
incorrect hiring decision because of all of the following except:
a. stereotype.
b. selective perception. c.
first impression error. d.
self–fulfilling prophecy.
44. Increasing workforce diversity is likely to reduce as a barrier to social perception.
a. projection
b. first-impression error
c. selective perception
d. stereotyping
45. Suppose, for example, that a sales manager is evaluating the performance of his employees. One employee does
not get along well with colleagues and rarely completes sales reports on time. This employee, however, generates
the most new sales contracts in the office. The sales manager chooses to ignore the negative information and
evaluates the salesperson only on contracts generated. The manager is exercising:
a. projection.
b. selective perception.
c. self–fulfilling prophecy.
d. impression management.