Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context, 7e (Knox/Marston)
Chapter 3 Geographies of Population and Migration
3.1 Multiple Choice
1) A measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically active and
productive members of a population is known as the
A) dependency ratio.
B) expectancy ratio.
C) youth-elderly cohort.
D) infant mortality rate.
E) crude death rate.
2) In 2008, Israel had a population of 7.5 million and Mexico had a population of 107 million.
Both had a rate of natural increase (RNI) of 1.6. This means that
A) Israel’s population will double more quickly than Mexico’s.
B) Mexico’s population will double more quickly than Ecuador’s.
C) Israel’s and Mexico’s populations will double in the same amount of time.
D) Israel’s and Mexico’s populations will never double with such a low RNI.
3) For which of the following populations is total population change equal to the rate of natural
increase?
A) Los Angeles
B) Egypt
C) North America
D) World
E) None, because total population change includes migration.
4) In 2013, ________ passed the United States (10 year champs!) as the world’s most obese
country.
A) Russia
B) Canada
C) Mexico
D) England
E) Norway
5) Demography is the study of population
A) characteristics.
B) politics.
C) attitudes.
D) pressures.
E) distribution.
6) The most widely known tool to assess the size, distribution and characteristics of a population
are
A) censuses.
B) geodemographic analyses.
C) geographic information systems.
D) demographic transitions.
E) keeping vital records.
7) Inaccuracies in U.S. censuses
A) do not occur with any degree of significance.
B) are no big deal—they are just a count of the population, anyway.
C) are the result of government mismanagement.
D) are a big deal—they affect the distribution of federal revenues and congressional seats.
E) are a big deal—they affect the distribution of professional sports franchises around the
country.
8) A population density map of the world shows that the distribution of people is most obviously
affected by
A) environmental factors such as natural resources, climate, water availability, topography.
B) political factors, types of government, and laws.
C) cultural factors such as language, cuisine and religion.
D) preferences for places with tropical landscapes.
E) economic factors such as development and trade history.
9) The number of people per unit of area (such as people per square kilometer) is a measure of
A) nutritional density.
B) agricultural density.
C) health density.
D) crude density.
E) natural density.
10) For countries of similar area and population, the one with the greatest amount of ________ is
most likely to have the highest nutritional density.
A) forest land
B) farmland
C) desert lands
D) lakes, rivers and swamps
E) mountains
11) Of the following, which of the following generally has the highest population density?
A) core countries
B) peripheral countries
C) urban areas
D) rural areas
E) areas with high birth rates
12) Age-sex pyramids are graphical representations of
A) the structure of population at a moment in time.
B) the distribution of a population over space.
C) birth rates and death rates of a country.
D) the rankings of countries around the world.
E) a hierarchy of core-periphery relationships.
13) If an age-sex pyramid is asymmetrical, lopsided from one side to the other, it means that
A) males experienced events differently than females of the same cohorts.
B) generation gaps are evident.
C) the rate of natural increase is declining.
D) the population is in the middle of the demographic transition.
E) the demographer needs to redo the pyramid – they should always be symmetrical.
14) To a demographer, a group of people that share a common temporal demographic experience
is known as a
A) a cohort.
B) a team.
C) a dependency ratio.
D) a transnational migrant.
E) a baby boom.
15) Which of the following best explains a population pyramid (age-sex pyramid) that looks like
an umbrella, with very narrow cohorts at the bottom that widen broadly near the top?
A) The population pyramid is upside down.
B) The population is a retirement village.
C) The population is a college town.
D) Migrants are dominant in the community.
E) The population has an open-door migration policy.
16) As the Baby Boom ages and the elderly cohorts get larger, the dependency ratio in the United
States will
A) drop.
B) rise.
C) disappear.
D) stay the same.
E) fluctuate more and more.
17) The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) is NOT affected by which of the following?
A) level of economic development
B) opportunities for women
C) religion and other cultural practices
D) the availability of birth control
E) level of economic development, opportunities for women, religion and other cultural
practices, and the availability of birth control
18) A population in which the total fertility rate is 2 means that
A) birth rates and death rates are roughly equal.
B) the population is neither increasing nor decreasing.
C) the population will double in about 40 years.
D) the population will decline by half in 40 years.
E) both the birth rates and death rates are roughly equal and the population is neither increasing
nor decreasing.
19) Crude death rates refer to the annual ratio of
A) deaths to every 1000 live births.
B) deaths to every 1000 people.
C) accidental deaths to deaths from natural causes.
D) deaths from preventable diseases to deaths from natural causes.
E) deaths to births.
20) Whether or not a given population grows is a function of
A) birth rates.
B) death rates.
C) immigration.
D) emigration.
E) birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
21) The combination of the CBR and the CDR is (the)
A) rate of natural increase.
B) infant mortality rate.
C) dependency ratio.
D) life expectancy.
E) net migration.
22) The rate of natural increase is a useful indicator for examining
A) levels of economic development and growth.
B) population growth.
C) impacts of migration.
D) access to nutrition and health.
E) nutritional density.
23) When calculating the rate of natural increase, one does NOT include
A) birth rates.
B) death rates.
C) migration.
D) both death rates and migration rates.
E) both death rates and birth rates.
24) Infant mortality rates vary between countries. However, they do not generally vary among
the peoples and regions inside
A) core countries.
B) semiperipheral countries.
C) peripheral countries.
D) Infant mortality rates vary between the people and regions of all countries.
25) In sub-Saharan African countries hit hard by HIV/AIDS, ________ have dropped most
sharply.
A) crude death rates
B) crude birth rates
C) life expectancies
D) migration rates
E) dependency ratios
26) The demographic transition is a model of population change used to explain high population
growth rates. According to the theory,
A) birth rates decline, eventually followed by a decline in death rates.
B) death rates decline, eventually followed by a decline in birth rates.
C) birth rates and death rates decline simultaneously.
D) birth rates rise, eventually followed by a rise in death rates.
E) death rates rise, eventually followed by a rise in birth rates.
27) According to the demographic transition model, the rate of natural (RNI) at the beginning
(preindustrial phase) is generally ________ than the RNI at the end (industrial phase).
A) higher
B) lower
C) the same as
D) Cannot generalize—it depends on the starting and ending birth and death rates.
28) A Texan that moves to Canada ________ from Texas and ________ to Canada.
A) immigrates/immigrates
B) immigrates/emigrates
C) emigrates/immigrates
D) emigrates/emigrates
29) If 1,500 people migrate into Goodhue, MN and 1,000 people move out, gross migration is
A) 2,500.
B) 1,500.
C) 1,000.
D) 500.
E) negative 500.
30) If 1,500 people migrate into Goodhue, MN and 1,000 people move out, net migration is
A) 2,500.
B) 1,500.
C) 1,000.
D) 500.
E) negative 500.
31) Of the following, a typical example of a push factor of migration would be
A) abundant job opportunities.
B) beautiful weather.
C) social conflict.
D) close family ties.
E) good schools.
32) Hong Kong Chinese that maintain residences and businesses in Hong Kong and Vancouver,
and Turks that work in Germany while maintaining close connections and property in Turkey,
are specifically known as
A) voluntary migrants.
B) voluntary emigrants.
C) international emigrants.
D) transnational migrants.
E) guest workers.
33) ________ temporarily migrate to take jobs in other countries and send money back to their
home communities.
A) Guest workers
B) Refugees
C) Voluntary migrants
D) International forced migrants
E) Transmigrants
34) In the United States, there have been numerous waves of internal voluntary migration. These
include all of the following except
A) the westward expansion of the frontier.
B) rural-to-urban migration of agricultural workers.
C) the great northward migration of African-Americans.
D) the Snowbelt to Sunbelt migration.
E) the Trail of Tears.
35) Moderate Neo-Malthusians believe that solutions to the global population issue are best
found in
A) reducing the size of the periphery’s population.
B) technological innovations.
C) neoliberalism and the ability of market forces to regulate population growth.
D) the redistribution of wealth and resources.
E) letting diseases thin out human populations.
36) Writing just at the start of the Industrial Revolution, Thomas Malthus argued that population
growth
A) would exceed the ability of people to feed themselves.
B) was insufficient to meet the needs of industry.
C) presented numerous opportunities for technological innovation.
D) was so low, and food so abundant, that people would become increasingly obese.
E) and procreation were fundamental rights of human beings.
37) People who share Thomas Malthus’ perspectives on population growth are known as
A) Proto-Malthusians.
B) Neo-Malthusians.
C) Neoliberals.
D) Thomasians.
E) Malcontent Malthusians.
38) Most international population policies at the end of the 20th century have emphasized
A) reduced birth rates.
B) economic development.
C) increased opportunities for women.
D) increased health care for children.
E) increase death rates.
39) The diffusion of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa has been most prominent
A) among children and the elderly.
B) in jungles and other similarly remote areas.
C) in urban centers.
D) along transportation routes.
E) among homosexuals and drug users.
40) Alaska has warmed twice as fast as the global average over the past 50 years. This has
resulted in
A) amenity migration into Alaska.
B) forced migration out of Alaska.
C) increased spatial equality.
D) increased infant mortality.
E) increased life expectancy.
41) With just over 4 billion people, Asia has nearly 2/3 of the world’s population. From among
those below, the world region with the smallest population is
A) Africa.
B) Europe.
C) North America.
D) Latin America & the Caribbean.
42) The value and power of geographic information systems come with linking demographic
data to particular
A) populations.
B) cohorts.
C) locations.
D) censuses.
E) policies.
43) While the United States is more racially and ethnically diverse than it has ever been, and
segregation is declining in most of the largest U.S. cities, it has actually increased in
A) New York.
B) Miami.
C) Dallas.
D) Los Angeles.
E) Atlanta.
44) The world region that experienced the greatest increase of internally displaced persons
(IDPs) in 2012—to almost six million—is
A) North America.
B) Latin America.
C) Africa.
D) the Middle East.
E) Asia.
45) Generally, internally displaced persons (IDPs) suffer more than international refugees
because
A) their own governments are unable or unwilling to help.
B) foreign governments don’t care.
C) foreign governments don’t know about the IDPs.
D) their own governments do not have the military might to protect the IDPs.
E) the world community treats refugees so well.
46) In which of the following are Sweden, Poland, Yemen and Cambodia most similar?
A) infant mortality rate
B) rate of natural increase
C) crude birth rate
D) crude death rate
E) total fertility rate
47) For over 200 years, a census of the entire United States population has occurred every
A) year.
B) two years.
C) five years.
D) ten years.
E) twenty years.
48) Which continent has the greatest number of inhabitants?
A) North America
B) South America
C) Europe
D) Africa
E) Asia
49) The “Trail of Tears” is an example of
A) eco-migration.
B) asylum seeking.
C) refugee migration.
D) internal voluntary migration.
E) internal forced migration.
50) In general, a geographer would least expect to find population clusters
A) in areas with fertile soils.
B) in mountainous interiors.
C) along navigable rivers.
D) around seaports.
51) The baby boom refers to people who were born between the years of
A) 1928 and 1945.
B) 1946 and 1964.
C) 1965 and 1990.
D) 1990 and the present.
52) In which of the following countries does one expect the fastest population growth?
A) Denmark
B) Germany
C) New Zealand
D) Russia
E) Guatemala
53) Businesses and marketers use Geographic Information Systems to
A) match demographic data with specific locations.
B) coordinate the shipment of goods around the world.
C) calculate exchange rates of currencies around the world.
D) forecast national population growth rates.
E) explain migration patterns.
54) From an age-sex pyramid for the USA (2000), it is clear that the largest age group is
________ years old.
A) 0-15
B) 15-35
C) 35-55
D) 55-75
55) In an age-sex pyramid for the United States (2000), the biggest cohorts in males and females
is due to
A) the sexual revolution of the 1960s/70s and the end of the Vietnam War.
B) large families between the two World Wars.
C) the baby boom.
D) the baby boom echo.
E) the baby boom bust.
56) For which country would one expect the age-sex pyramid to look most like an actual
pyramid?
A) United States
B) France
C) Japan
D) Bolivia
E) Australia
57) By the end of 2012, the Arab Spring and its popular uprisings against oppressive and
entrenched government leaders has led to
A) millions of Middle Eastern refugees have been returning home to resume disrupted lives.
B) global climate change has stabilized and created more livable environments world-wide.
C) millions of internally displaced persons have been created in the Middle East.
D) a 20% increase in the number of IDPs in the Middle East.
58) Couples in their thirties
A) have less education than the previous generation.
B) get married younger than any previous generation.
C) are more likely to get divorced than any previous generation.
D) have a lower standard of living than any previous generation.
59) Which of the following cohorts is the most economically active and productive in the USA?
A) youth cohort
B) middle cohort
C) old-age cohort
D) All three cohorts are about equally economically productive.
60) The youth cohort
A) are not fully active in the labor force.
B) are between the ages of 16 and 30.
C) have little effect on the dependency ratio.
D) refers to the Net Generation.
61) The crude death rate
A) is the sum total of infant mortality rate, youth mortality rate and the elderly mortality rate.
B) typically declines as overall levels of economic development go up.
C) is typically higher in core countries than in periphery countries.
D) is not considered a useful measure by most population geographers.