Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
CHAPTER 3: CONNECTING SELF AND COMMUNICATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1) Marvin sees himself as an athlete and feels that he is athletically talented. Which of the following statements
most accurately summarizes this example?
A) Self-image is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem.
B) Self-concept consists of our self-image and self-esteem.
C) Self-concept is constantly changing, whereas self-image and self-esteem stay the same.
D) Self-image and self-esteem are how we view ourselves; self-concept is how others view us.
E) Self-image and self-esteem are constantly changing, whereas self-concept stays the same.
2) Davina sees herself as a part-time employee at a grocery store. This reflects her
A) self-image.
B) self-character.
C) self-esteem.
D) self-awareness.
E) self-consciousness.
3) Our self-concept is determined by
A) our experiences and communication with others.
B) the roles and values our teachers have selected for us.
C) our genetic predispositions toward communication.
D) the media.
E) how others believe we see them.
4) Suggestions for improving your self-concept include which of the following statements?
A) Take a more relaxed approach to improving yourself.
B) Read as many self-help books as you can find.
C) Assume you know what you would like to change about yourself.
D) Commit to improve or change.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
E) Distance yourself from others and try to make changes on your own.
5) Which statement best describes the relationship between attitudes and beliefs?
A) Attitudes include an evaluation of whether something is true or false, whereas beliefs reflect the
perception of whether something is good or bad.
B) Attitudes are relatively enduring, whereas beliefs may change from one moment to the next.
C) Attitudes may change from one moment to the next, whereas beliefs are relatively enduring.
D) Attitudes include an evaluation of whether something is good or bad, whereas beliefs reflect the
perception of whether something is true or false.
E) Beliefs are formed in childhood, whereas attitudes form later in life.
6) Self-esteem is defined as
A) being absorbed in oneself.
B) being successful wholly by one’s own efforts.
C) our feelings and attitudes about ourselves.
D) a positive self-concept.
E) a state of not feeling the need for assistance.
7) The commonly held idea that competent communicators should be ethical communicators best illustrates a(n)
A) attitude.
B) belief.
C) hierarchy.
D) value.
E) altruistic philosophy.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
8) What are the elements of the model developed by John Kinch which illustrates the connection between self-
concept and communication?
A) feelings, beliefs, behavior, perception of others’ responses
B) self-concept, behavior, values, beliefs
C) actual responses of others, perceptions of others’ responses, self-image
D) closed, open, hidden, ideal
E) perception of others’ responses, self-concept, behavior, actual responses of others
9) Amanda sees herself as a member of the “Purple Team” and describes herself as family-oriented, attributes
she perceives to be shared with other members of the “Purple Team” and as simultaneously differentiating
the Purple Team from the rival “Gold Team,” whom she sees as more competitive. This example illustrates
the
A) personal level.
B) social identity level.
C) actual responses of others.
D) perception of others’ responses.
E) role of behavior.
10) Asking questions like “Who are you when you are with your best friend, your father, your
boyfriend/girlfriend, and so on?” demonstrate that social self-concept is derived from
A) biological sex.
B) interpersonal relationships.
C) positive thought processes.
D) negative thought processes.
E) our perceptions of the media.
11) Michelle is very caught up in material objects. She develops her own self-concept primarily by figuring out
“what she has” and “what she doesn’t have.” This focus on materialism is an example of a(n)
A) belief. B) value. C) influence. D) attitude. E) perception.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
12) Beth continued to tell herself “I’m going to pass this exam…I’m going to pass this exam” as she prepares for
her final exam in mathematics. Her expectations that eventually led to her passing this mathematics exam
illustrate a(n)
A) self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) impression management technique.
C) negative attribution.
D) communication apprehension.
E) positive self-concept.
13) Which factor is related to the idea that online communication can be used to better link with others?
A) online apprehension
B) online self-disclosure
C) online profile
D) online social connection
E) convenience
14) According to your textbook, males and females, in terms of gender, are relatively similar. As a result, male
and female psychological differences are mainly
A) attributed to physical differences.
B) tied to self-perception.
C) invented by the media.
D) the result of cultural influences.
E) the result of hormonal differences.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
15) After making straight A’s in high school and being named valedictorian, Becky is excited to receive several
full scholarship offers from admission counselors at her top choice schools. She sees herself as studious and
feels that she is an above-average student. This example reflects the idea that self-concept is shaped by
A) our past experiences and our understanding of the media.
B) our interactions with others and our past experiences.
C) how much money we make and the kind of car we drive.
D) the expectations others have of us and our genetic makeup.
E) our genetic makeup and our understanding of the media.
16) “Honesty is the best policy” is an example of a(n) ________, whereas “People should be honest with one
another” is an example of a(n) ________.
A) value; belief
B) attitude; value
C) value; attitude
D) belief; value
E) attitude; belief
17) Self-enhancement (efforts to boost your own image) and other-enhancement (efforts to boost a target
person’s image) are forms of
A) self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) impression management.
C) communication masking.
D) perception management.
E) rhetorical markers.
18) Damien compliments Carly’s outfit to make her feel happy. By trying to boost Carly’s image, Damien is
engaging in
A) self-enhancement.
B) self-promotion.
C) other-enhancement.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
D) issue management.
E) other-promotion.
19) According to research on gender expectations by Deborah Tannen, male communication styles are best
characterized as
A) a contest to preserve independence and avoid failure.
B) a chance to build community.
C) a struggle to avoid isolation.
D) an expectation of intimacy.
E) an opportunity for confirmation and support.
20) Regarding your understanding of “facework,” which of the following tactics would be the most useful?
A) apathy
B) gossip
C) verbal aggression
D) criticism
E) flattery
21) Brent has convinced himself that he is poor at math. When he registers for his required math class, he is
convinced that he will earn a poor grade. As a result, he rarely studies, and receives a “D” in the class. This
example most clearly demonstrates
A) impression management.
B) values.
C) beliefs.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) communication apprehension.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
22) Impression management strategies designed to boost your own self-image are referred to as
A) principal enhancement.
B) self-enhancement.
C) self-concept elevation.
D) self-determination.
E) other-enhancement.
23) Which of the following is an example of a value?
A) Tobacco companies intentionally target youths in advertising.
B) “Light” cigarettes are just as harmful as regular cigarettes.
C) Healthy living is important.
D) Smoking is bad for your health.
E) Smoking is distasteful.
24) Which of the following is an example of an attitude?
A) Smoking is bad.
B) Individuals should protect their bodies.
C) Tobacco companies do not care about public health.
D) Tobacco companies intentionally target youths in advertising.
E) Healthy living is important to me.
25) According to Erving Goffman, facework refers to the tactics we use
A) for corrective surgery.
B) to reduce communication apprehension.
C) to present ourselves to others.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
D) to develop positive self-esteem.
E) to maintain a sense of humor.
26) Which of the following is an example of a belief?
A) Smoking is harmful.
B) Individuals should protect their bodies.
C) Individuals should be healthier.
D) Tobacco companies intentionally target youths in advertising.
E) Smoking is distasteful.
27) Which statement is true about the effects of self-concept on communication?
A) Self-concept does not affect communication.
B) While self-concept may affect our intrapersonal communication, it does not affect our interpersonal
communication.
C) Self-concept affects females’ communication but not males’ communication.
D) Style of communication is defined as the words we use when we verbally communicate our self-
concept to others.
E) How others see us may relate to our communication style, which in turn is a reflection of our self-
concept.
28) The statement that communication majors are more creative than accounting majors is an example of a(n)
A) attitude. B) belief. C) value. D) conviction. E) ideal.
29) A culture with an individualistic orientation would tend to stress
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
A) deliberation.
B) family.
C) negative self-descriptions.
D) group goals.
E) achievement.
30) According to your text, during what age period do individuals develop a consistent gender identity?
A) 0–3 B) 16–19 C) 8–11 D) 12–15 E) 4–7
TRUE/FALSE
1) Self-image consists of our feelings and attitudes toward ourselves.
2) A person’s self-concept consists of a number of images that can be placed on a continuum ranging from
positive to negative.
3) Research indicates that the names of babies change perceptions about their physical attributes.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
4) Age appears to have little effect on a person’s general self-concept.
5) Interpersonal self-disclosure and online self-disclosure are typically identical.
6) At the personal identity end of the personal-social identity continuum, we emphasize the ways that we are
similar to other group members.
7) If Grace, a communication major, describes herself in terms of the attributes shared by other communication
majors, this description of self is intragroup in nature.
8) “People should love one another” is an example of a belief.
9)
Convenience refers to the level of appreciation and enjoyment a user associates with social media.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
10) Tonnie wants others to see her as a good student and hardworking mother. The way Tonnie wants to appear
to others reflects her presenting self.
SHORT ANSWER
1) Explain and provide an example of self-enhancement.
2) Explain how you can improve your self-concept. Discuss the role of communication in changing self-
concept.
3) Briefly describe the elements of the self-concept and discuss how they are related to each other.
4) Define values and explain the role values have in determining the self-concept.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
5) Define attitudes and explain the role attitudes have in determining the self-concept.
6) Define beliefs and explain the role beliefs have in determining the self-concept.
7) Explain how gender influences the self-concept. Cite some examples of research from the text that support
your explanation.
8) Define impression management, perceived self, and presenting self.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
9) Describe why associating with positive people whenever possible can help improve the self.
10) Describe the relationship between beliefs, values, and attitudes. Of the three, can you identify the one that is
most general and the one that is most narrow?
11) Do you agree with the following statement, “There is still a cultural bias in favor of masculinity?” Why or why
not?
12) Explain how your communication style is influenced by your self-concept and how your self-concept
influences your communication style.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
13) Explain the relationship between self-concept, culture, and communication.
14) Explain and provide an example of facework.
15) Explain and provide an example of other-enhancement.
16) Identify two strategies of impression management identified in the textbook.
17) Identify several positive stereotypes of feminine behavior.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
18) Explain the personal-social identity continuum.
19) Explain two cultural differences between an individualistic and a collectivistic culture. Provide examples.
20) Define androgynous. How are androgynous people generally perceived by society?
ESSAY
1) Development of self-concept is a life-long process. Because self-concept is a process, we have the ability to
assess and change our self-concept. Identify one aspect of your own self-concept that you would like to
change. Explain the process you should go through in trying to change your self-concept. As part of your
answer, you should develop an “action plan” for changing your self-concept in a positive way.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
2) Describe what is necessary to communicate with individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
3) Explain how values, attitudes, and beliefs play important roles in determining the self-concept.
4) Discuss at least three factors which influence self-concept in online communication. Provide a specific
example of each factor.
5) Describe Kinch’s model of the connection between self-concept and communication. In your description, be
sure to define and explain each of the four elements. Explain how the four elements are arranged and why.
Test Bank for Communication: Making Connections, Tenth Edition
in arrangement.