60. The fruiting body is the structure with the label
a.
A.
b.
B.
c.
C.
d.
D.
e.
E.
61. The slug is the structure with the label
a.
A.
b.
B.
c.
C.
d.
D.
e.
E.
62. The structure labeled “E” is formed
a.
under favorable conditions.
b.
under unfavorable conditions.
c.
by mitosis.
d.
by meiosis.
e.
by fusion of individual cells.
63. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
The left and right portions of this life cycle illustrate asexual and sexual reproduction,
respectively.
b.
The left and right portions of this life cycle illustrate sexual and asexual reproduction,
respectively.
c.
Both portions of this life cycle illustrate asexual reproduction, because this organism does
not reproduce sexually.
d.
Both portions of this life cycle illustrate sexual reproduction, because this organism does
not reproduce asexually.
e.
Meiosis occurs in both portions of the life cycle.
64. Rhodophyta are ____algae.
a.
brown
b.
red
c.
golden
d.
green
e.
blue-green
65. The green algae include
a.
unicellular species only.
b.
multicellular species only.
c.
unicellular and multicellular species.
d.
unicellular and colonial species.
e.
unicellular, multicellular, and colonial species.
66. Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. The most
common life cycle in green algae consists of organisms that are
a.
unicellular in the haploid stage and multicellular in the diploid stage.
b.
multicellular in the haploid stage and unicellular in the diploid stage.
c.
unicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
d.
multicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
e.
colonial in both the haploid and diploid stages.
67. The algal ancestors of land plants are most likely similar to the
a.
Rhodophyta.
b.
Phaeophyta.
c.
Chrysophyta.
d.
Charophyta.
e.
Radiolaria.
68. You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly
conclude that this organism is
a.
a cellular slime mold.
b.
a plasmodial slime mold.
c.
a choanoflagellate.
d.
not an opisthokont.
e.
not motile.
69. Which of the following protists acquired plastids through primary endosymbiosis?
a.
stramenopiles
b.
red algae
c.
dinoflagellates
d.
ciliates
e.
euglenoids
70. Slime molds move about in a way similar to
a.
water molds.
b.
fungi.
c.
amoebas.
d.
dinoflagellates.
e.
ciliates.
71. Malaria is caused by ____ species of Plasmodium.
a.
a single
b.
two
c.
three
d.
four
e.
five
72. Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE?
a.
It kills about 2 million people each year.
b.
It can be treated with the drug chloroquine.
c.
An effective vaccine exists to protect from it.
d.
It can be treated with the drug quinidine.
e.
It can be treated with the drug quinine.
Use the figure above for the following question(s).
73. Which stage of the Plasmodium life cycle does label A represent?
a.
sporozoite
b.
gametocyte
c.
cyst
d.
zygote
e.
merozoite
74. Label B illustrates Plasmodium infection of the
a.
kidney.
b.
liver.
c.
gall bladder.
d.
stomach.
e.
lung.
75. Which stage(s) produce(s) the characteristic chills and fever of malaria?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
A and B
e.
B and C
76. Which stage of the Plasmodium life cycle does label D represent?
a.
sporozoite
b.
gametocyte
c.
cyst
d.
zygote
e.
merozoite
77. The animal labeled “E” is a
a.
mosquito of the genus Aedes.
b.
mosquito of the genus Anopheles.
c.
mosquito of the genus Culex.
d.
fly of the genus Musca.
e.
tick of the genus Amblyoma.
78. Which of the following processes occurs in the animal labeled E?
a.
zygote formation
b.
meiosis
c.
mitosis
d.
zygote formation and meiosis
e.
zygote formation, meiosis and mitosis
79. The signal for aggregation and communal activity by cellular slime molds is
a.
auxin.
b.
glycoprotein slime.
c.
GTP.
d.
cyclic AMP.
e.
unidentified as yet.
80. The production of cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium results in
a.
sexual reproduction.
b.
cell division.
c.
swimming.
d.
spore production.
e.
aggregation of cells.
81. According to the latest research, which of the following best describes the first eukaryote?
a.
It lacked a nucleus, a mitochondrion, or a chloroplast.
b.
It lacked a nucleus, but contained a mitochondrion and a chloroplast.
c.
It contained a nucleus and a chloroplast, but not a mitochondrion.
d.
It contained a nucleus and a mitochondrion, but not a chloroplast.
e.
It contained a nucleus, a mitochondrion, and a chloroplast.
82. Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when a
a.
photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote.
b.
photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a non-photosynthetic prokaryote.
c.
photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a non-photosynthetic eukaryote.
d.
non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote.
e.
non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic eukaryote.
83. All algae
a.
are unicellular.
b.
are multicellular.
c.
have chlorophyll.
d.
are motile at all stages of their life cycle.
e.
have life cycles with alternating generations.
84. You find a protist that is unicellular, heterotrophic, and non-flagellated. It has two nuclei of different
sizes. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n)
a.
kinetoplastid.
b.
plasmodial slime mold.
c.
ciliate.
d.
foraminiferan.
e.
ameobozoan.
85. Which of the following protist groups includes human pathogens?
a.
parabasalids
b.
euglenoids
c.
forams
d.
red algae
e.
brown algae
86. Which of the following protist groups does NOT include members that move by means of flagella?
a.
Rhodophyta
b.
Excavates
c.
Alveolates
d.
Cercozoa
e.
Heterokonts
87. Which of the following groups does NOT belong to the Alveolates?
a.
apicomplexans
b.
diatoms
c.
dinoflagellates
d.
parasitic ciliates
e.
free-living ciliates
88. Stramenopiles include all of the following EXCEPT
a.
Rhodophyta.
b.
Chrysophyta.
c.
Phaeophyta.
d.
Bacillariophyta.
e.
Oomycota.
89. Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the other four?
a.
Radiolaria
b.
Chlorarachniophyta
c.
Foraminifera
d.
Charophyta
e.
Rhizaria
554
90. Groups that contain planktonic species include all the following EXCEPT
a.
golden algae.
b.
apicomplexans.
c.
dinoflagellates.
d.
diatoms.
e.
red algae.
91. The archaeplastida includes all of the following EXCEPT
a.
red algae
b.
land plants
c.
diatoms
d.
green algae
e.
charophytes
MATCHING
Match each protistan genus with its correct description.
a.
Causes African sleeping sickness
b.
A unicellular photosynthetic protist
c.
A multicellular photosynthetic protist
d.
Causes amoebic dysentery
e.
Causes a sexually transmitted disease
f.
A plasmodial slime mold
g.
A cellular slime mold
h.
A ciliate that is a human intestinal parasite
i.
An excavate that is a human intestinal parasite
j.
The reason why pregnant women should avoid cats
92. Balantidium
93. Dictyostelium
94. Entamoeba
95. Euglena
96. Giardia
97. Physarum
98. Toxoplasma
99. Trichomonas
100. Trypanosoma
101. Ulva
555
Choice
Choose the type of algae that corresponds to each of the characteristics listed below.
a.
blue-green
b.
green
c.
brown
d.
red
e.
golden
102. largest and most complex
103. most diverse
104. grows at the deepest ocean levels
105. ancestors of plants
106. source of carrageenan, a thickening agent
107. source of nori, the sushi “wrapper”
108. Chrysophyta
109. Prokaryotes
SHORT ANSWER
110. Describe the term protozoa and algae, and indicate why the terms are outdated.
111. Provide a brief argument for the following statement: “single–celled protists are complex”.
112. Describe phylogenomics and its contributions to phylogenetic relationships between protists and other
eukaryotes.
113. Why is it probably not a good idea to drink water directly from a mountain stream (i.e., untreated)
even if it appears to be unaffected by human activities?
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
If the statement is true, answer “T“. If the statement is false, answer “F” and make it correct by
changing the underlined word(s) and writing the correct word(s) in the answer blank(s).
114. The euglenoids are characterized by the disc-shaped cristae of their chloroplasts.
115. The eyespot is a light-sensitive structure found in photosynthetic kinetoplastids.
116. Diatomaceous earth is the fine powder produced from grinding the fossilized shells of diatoms.
117. Some dinoflagellates exhibit bioluminescence with the help of the enzyme photolyase.
118. Colonies are aggregates of potentially independent protist cells that show little or no differentiation.
119. Amoeba is a term used to describe unicellular protists that move by means of flagella.
120. Radiolarians have vacuoles, which provide them with buoyancy in marine environments.
121. The White Cliffs of Dover, England, are composed of shells of ancient diatoms.
122. Slime molds are classified as Amoebozoa.
123. The land plants are termed viridaeplantae.
124. The pigments responsible for the color of red algae are the prodigiosins.
125. The Chlorophyta are believed to be the ancestors of fungi and animals.
126. The parasite that causes African sleeping sickness is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito.
127. Dinoflagellates became photosynthetic via secondary endosymbiosis
128. The protists most closely related to animals and fungi are the ciliates.
ESSAY
129. Discuss how protists can be distinguished from each of the following: viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants,
and animals.
130. Discuss the ecological significance of the dinoflagellates.