CHAPTER 27—PROTISTS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about protists is true?
a.
They are the simplest of eukaryotes.
b.
They are generally aquatic.
c.
They are members of a single kingdom
d.
They are the simplest of eukaryotes, and are generally aquatic
e.
They are the simplest of eukaryotes, are generally aquatic, and are members of a single
kingdom.
2. The cause of the Irish potato famine of the 1840s was the protist
a.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
b.
Phytophthora infestans.
c.
Plasmodium falciparum.
d.
Physarum polycephalum.
e.
Phytophthora ramorum.
3. The disease that decimated the potato crop in 19th century Ireland was a
a.
bacterium.
b.
protist.
c.
virus.
d.
fungus.
e.
plasmodium.
4. The protists are a diverse group of organisms that have traditionally been grouped together because
they all
a.
have the same type of nutrition.
b.
live in the same environments.
c.
have very similar DNA sequences.
d.
have very similar shapes.
e.
are not prokaryotes, fungi, plants, or animals.
5. The majority of protists are
a.
anaerobic.
b.
aerobic.
c.
autotrophic.
d.
parasitic.
e.
photosynthetic.
6. All protists possess
a.
multiple, circular chromosomes.
b.
mitochondria.
c.
microtubules and microfilaments.
d.
chloroplasts.
e.
cell walls.
7. Until recently, protists have been classified according to which of the following criteria?
a.
modes of nutrition
b.
mechanisms of movement
c.
types of life cycle
d.
modes of nutrition and mechanisms of movement
e.
modes of nutrition, mechanisms of movement, and types of life cycle
8. Protists that have a single flagellum are called
a.
heterokonts.
b.
unikonts.
c.
dikonts.
d.
euglenoids.
e.
rhizarians.
9. Which of the following best describes the phylogenetic relationship between protists, fungi, plants, and
animals?
a.
Fungi and animals share a common protist lineage, while plants arose from a different
protist ancestor.
b.
Fungi and plants share a common protist lineage, while animals arose from a different
protist ancestor.
c.
Animals and plants share a common protist lineage, while fungi arose from a different
protist ancestor.
d.
Plants, animals, and fungi each arose from a different protist lineage.
e.
Plants, animals, fungi, and protists each arose from the same prokaryotic ancestor.
10. Small, photosynthetic protists found in aquatic habitats are collectively called
a.
zooplankton.
b.
phytoplankton.
c.
phagoplankton.
d.
bryophytes.
e.
chrysophytes.
11. Some protists have a pellicle, which is used for
a.
defensive purposes.
b.
sexual reproduction.
c.
structural support.
d.
water absorption.
e.
food storage.
12. A ____ is an extension of a lobe of the cytoplasm, which is used by some protists for movement.
a.
gullet
b.
pseudopod
c.
cilium
d.
pilus
e.
flagellum
Use the figure above for the following question(s).
13. The function of the structure labeled “2” is
a.
food intake.
b.
digestion.
c.
waste elimination.
d.
water discharge.
e.
asexual reproduction.
14. The structures labeled “4” are
a.
trichocysts.
b.
cilia.
c.
flagella.
d.
pili.
e.
pellicles.
15. The structures labeled “5” are
a.
trichocysts.
b.
micronuclei.
c.
flagella.
d.
pili.
e.
gullet.
16. The structure labeled “7” is the
a.
food vacuole.
b.
gullet.
c.
macronucleus.
d.
micronucleus.
e.
mitochondrion.
17. Water balance is maintained by the structures labeled
a.
1 and 3.
b.
5 and 9.
c.
7 and 8.
d.
6 and 9.
e.
1 and 6.
18. The function of the structure labeled 9 is
a.
food intake.
b.
digestion.
c.
sexual reproduction .
d.
water discharge.
e.
asexual reproduction.
19. You discover an organism that has a nucleus but no mitochondria. This organism could be a
a.
euglenoid.
b.
diplomonad.
c.
kinetoplastid.
d.
ciliate.
e.
dinoflagellate.
20. Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?
a.
all protists have mitochondria
b.
some protists are descended from early eukaryotes that never had mitochondria
c.
all living protists are descended from a common ancestor that had mitochondria
d.
some protists lost their mitochondria as an adaptation to a predatory lifestyle
e.
some protists lost their mitochondria as they became photosynthetic
21. A number of major disease-causing protists are found in the
a.
Euglenoids.
b.
Excavates.
c.
Archaeplastida.
d.
Diatoms.
e.
Brown algae.
22. The undulating membrane of Parabasala is used for
a.
defensive purposes.
b.
asexual reproduction.
c.
structural support.
d.
food absorption.
e.
movement.
23. Which of the following groups consists primarily of anaerobic organisms that cause disease?
a.
Excavates
b.
Dinoflagellates
c.
Archaeplastida
d.
Diatoms
e.
Ciliates
24. Giardia lamblia forms resistant ____ that can survive in water contaminated with feces.
a.
endospores
b.
exospores
c.
cysts
d.
sporangia
e.
trophozoites
25. Which of the following statements about euglenoids is false?
a.
They are much more common in fresh water than marine environments.
b.
Most are photosynthetic.
c.
Their cell body is surrounded by a pellicle.
d.
Some absorb nutrients from their environment in a heterotrophic manner.
e.
They move by pseudopodia.
26. Which of the following terms describes kinetoplastids?
a.
non-photosynthetic
b.
parasitic
c.
ciliated
d.
non-photosynthetic and parasitic
e.
non-photosynthetic, parasitic and ciliated
27. The only protists that have 2 types of nuclei in each cell are
a.
Archaeplastida.
b.
Dinoflagellates.
c.
Ciliates.
d.
Excavates.
e.
Amoebozoans.
28. Ciliates include the genus
a.
Euglena.
b.
Anopheles.
c.
Trichomonas.
d.
Paramecium.
e.
Entamoeba.
29. When under attack, ciliates can eject dart-like protein threads from surface organelles called
a.
vacuoles.
b.
gullets.
c.
trichocysts.
d.
phagosomes.
e.
alveoli.
Use the figure above for the following question(s).
30. This figure illustrates the process of
a.
conjugation.
b.
transformation.
c.
transduction.
d.
translocation.
e.
excystation.
31. Which of the following does the macronucleus control?
a.
asexual reproduction
b.
sexual reproduction
c.
growth and metabolism
d.
osmosis
e.
digestion of prey
32. What is occurring in step 2?
a.
mitosis
b.
the first meiotic division
c.
the second meiotic division
d.
fertilization
e.
fusion
33. The degeneration of nuclei is occurring in step(s)
a.
4.
b.
5.
c.
8.
d.
4 and 5.
e.
4 and 8.
34. What is occurring in step 6?
a.
fission
b.
fusion
c.
fertilization
d.
the first meiotic division
e.
the second meiotic division
35. Mitosis is occurring in step(s)
a.
7.
b.
8.
c.
10.
d.
7 and 8.
e.
7, 8, and 10.
36. What is occurring in step 11?
a.
cytoplasmic division
b.
fusion
c.
fertilization
d.
the first meiotic division
e.
the second meiotic division
37. The least mobile protists are the
a.
apicomplexans.
b.
dinoflagellates.
c.
diatoms.
d.
heterokonts.
e.
euglenoids.
38. Red tide and extensive fish kills are caused by population blooms of
a.
euglenoids.
b.
dinoflagellates.
c.
diatoms.
d.
ciliates.
e.
brown algae.
39. The apical complex of apicomplexa is used for
a.
defensive purposes.
b.
asexual reproduction.
c.
structural support.
d.
food absorption.
e.
attachment.
40. Bikonts are characterized by having
a.
two identical flagella.
b.
two different flagella.
c.
two types of nuclei.
d.
cells walls of chitin.
e.
cell walls of silica.
41. Which of the following are members of the Oomycota?
a.
water molds
b.
white rusts
c.
mildews
d.
water molds and white rusts
e.
water molds, white rusts and mildews
42. How do water molds differ from true fungi?
a.
Water molds have cell walls made up of chitin; fungi have cell walls made up of cellulose.
b.
Water molds form hyphae; fungi form mycelia.
c.
Water molds are haploid; fungi are diploid.
d.
Water molds have a flagellated stage in their life cycle; fungi do not.
e.
Water molds do not cause plant diseases; fungi do.
43. Diatoms belong to the group
a.
Bacillariophyta.
b.
Phaeophyta.
c.
Chrysophyta.
d.
Rhodophyta.
e.
Chlorophyta.
44. Which of the following statement(s) about the shells of diatoms is(are) true?
a.
They are symmetrical.
b.
They are made up of silica.
c.
They have perforations.
d.
They are symmetrical and are made up of silica.
e.
They are symmetrical, are made up of silica, and have perforations.
45. Diatoms can best be described as
a.
unicellular and autotrophic.
b.
unicellular and heterotrophic.
c.
multicellular and autotrophic.
d.
multicellular and heterotrophic.
e.
multicellular and parasitic.
46. Algin is a substance used to thicken products as diverse as ice cream, cosmetics, and floor polish. It is
extracted from the cell walls of ____ algae.
a.
green
b.
golden
c.
blue-green
d.
brown
e.
red
47. Agar is a substance used as a culture medium in the laboratory. It is extracted from the cell walls of
____ algae.
a.
green
b.
golden
c.
blue-green
d.
brown
e.
red
48. Most golden algae are
a.
unicellular and autotrophic.
b.
unicellular and heterotrophic.
c.
colonial and autotrophic.
d.
colonial and heterotrophic.
e.
multicellular and heterotrophic.
49. Fucoxanthin is the pigment responsible for the color of
a.
brown algae.
b.
golden algae.
c.
red algae.
d.
red algae and golden algae.
e.
brown algae and golden algae.
50. Brown algae lack true roots but have similar structures called ____ that anchor them to their substrate.
a.
stipes
b.
blades
c.
holdfasts
d.
thalli
e.
rhizoids
51. Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. The most
common life cycle in brown algae consists of organisms that are
a.
unicellular in the haploid stage and multicellular in the diploid stage.
b.
multicellular in the haploid stage and unicellular in the diploid stage.
c.
unicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
d.
multicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
e.
colonial in both the haploid and diploid stages.
52. Which of the following statements about the sporophyte in brown algae is true?
a.
It is diploid and gives rise to spores by meiosis.
b.
It is diploid and gives rise to spores by mitosis.
c.
It is haploid and gives rise to spores by meiosis.
d.
It is haploid and gives rise to spores by mitosis.
e.
It is triploid and gives rise to endosperm by mitosis.
53. Radiolarians have characteristic ____, which are thin, ray-like strands of cytoplasm supported
internally by bundles of ____.
a.
axopods; microfilaments
b.
axopods; microtubules
c.
spicules; microfilaments
d.
spicules; microtubules
e.
microfilaments; axopods
54. Shells of forams consist of organic matter reinforced by
a.
silica.
b.
cellulose.
c.
calcium carbonate.
d.
copper sulfate.
e.
hydrogen sulfide.
55. The majority of amoebas are found in the Amoebozoa. The rest are found in the
a.
Rhizaria.
b.
Opisthokonts.
c.
Heterokonts.
d.
Alveolata.
e.
Archaeplastida.
56. Amoebas use pseudopodia for movement and
a.
sexual reproduction.
b.
excretion.
c.
feeding.
d.
avoiding predation.
e.
asexual reproduction.
57. Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slime molds on the basis of
a.
reproductive structures.
b.
spore formation.
c.
nuclei per cell.
d.
slime trails.
e.
food requirements.
58. Under favorable conditions, plasmodial slime molds exist primarily as
a.
a coordinated, multicellular blob.
b.
individual amoeba-like cells.
c.
individual flagellated cells.
d.
a single, multinucleated cellular blob.
e.
spore-forming fruiting bodies.
Use the figure above for the following question(s).
59. This figure illustrates the life cycle of a
a.
brown algae.
b.
green algae.
c.
water mold.
d.
plasmodial slime mold.
e.
cellular slime mold.