Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
1)
A)
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
B)
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase
C)
the corpus luteum secretes estrogen
D)
blood levels of FSH fall off
2)
How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?
2)
A)
They move away from the pelvic cavity.
B)
They move close to the pelvic cavity.
C)
Excessive warmth has no effect on the testicles because of their location in the scrotum.
D)
Excessive warmth is actually beneficial in that it speeds up the maturation of sperm.
A
3)
The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained
through ________.
3)
A)
meiosis
B)
mitosis
C)
cytokinesis
D)
DNA synthesis
A
4)
Which of the following glands are responsible for 70% of the synthesis of semen?
4)
A)
the prostate
B)
the pituitary
C)
the seminal vesicles
D)
the bulbourethral glands
C
A
5)
Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
5)
A)
contraction of uterine muscles
B)
proliferation of the uterine myometrium
C)
preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
D)
development of the female secondary sex characteristics
6)
Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
6)
A)
During the secretory phase, estrogen levels are at their highest.
B)
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the
developing embryo.
C)
During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce
more hormone.
D)
The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8.
7)
Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
7)
A)
FSH
B)
estrogen
C)
progesterone
D)
LH
8)
Select the correct statement about male sexual response.
8)
A)
Ejaculation is the result of parasympathetic stimulation.
B)
Expansion of the penile tissues results in dilation of the venous outflow.
C)
Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood.
D)
Sympathetic impulses are responsible for causing penile arteriolar dilation, resulting in
erection.
9)
Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and
females?
9)
A)
The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary
system.
B)
Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
C)
The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy and lactation.
D)
All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
10)
Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal
division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?
10)
A)
There were originally four polar bodies and one disappeared.
B)
What you really see are two polar bodies and the sperm that will fertilize the egg.
C)
The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies.
D)
One is an undeveloped primary oocyte that failed to mature.
11)
Why is the blood–testis barrier important?
11)
A)
because immature sperm cells lose their motility when they encounter any blood component
B)
because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
C)
because the barrier traps sex hormones, keeping them at a higher level than the blood
D)
because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as
foreign by the immune system
12)
Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
12)
A)
The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
B)
The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
C)
The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.
D)
The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
13)
The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
13)
A)
sustentacular cells
B)
interstitial endocrine cells
C)
spermatocytes
D)
spermatogonia
14)
A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that
FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he
would ________.
14)
A)
not develop secondary sex characteristics
B)
be impotent (unable to have an erection)
C)
be unable to produce viable sperm
D)
have impaired function of interstitial cells
15)
Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
15)
A)
uterus
B)
fallopian tubes
C)
vagina
D)
ovary
16)
Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
16)
A)
The pineal gland is believed to be the gland that exerts the most influence in testosterone
control.
B)
FSH stimulates testicular production of testosterone.
C)
Inhibin and testosterone exert positive feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary.
D)
GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary.
17)
Effects of estrogen include ________.
17)
A)
growth of the larynx
B)
deepening of the voice
C)
increased oiliness of the skin
D)
growth of the breasts at puberty
18)
During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
18)
A)
LH reaches its highest levels
B)
progesterone levels are at their highest
C)
the Graafian follicle forms
D)
estrogen reaches its highest levels
19)
The testicular cells that construct the blood–testis barrier are the ________.
19)
A)
spermatogonia
B)
spermatocytes
C)
interstitial cells
D)
sustentocytes
D
20)
The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all but which of the following?
20)
A)
urethra
B)
ductus deferens
C)
corpus spongiosum
D)
epididymis
C
21)
Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
21)
A)
serves as a passageway for menstrual flow
B)
serves as the birth canal
C)
serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
D)
receives semen from the penis during sexual intercourse
C
22)
Erection of the penis results from ________.
22)
A)
a sympathetic reflex
B)
a parasympathetic reflex
C)
parasympathetic activation of the bulbourethral glands
D)
dilation of the veins in the penis
B
B
23)
Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?
23)
A)
Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
B)
Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or bring on a wide variety of
symptoms.
C)
Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
D)
Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful discharges in males.
24)
The “master switch” for male reproductive development is ________.
24)
A)
lack of an X chromosome
B)
presence of testosterone
C)
the SRY gene
D)
inhibition of estrogen
25)
In humans, separation of the cells at the two–cell state following fertilization may lead to the
production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
25)
A)
of different sexes
B)
fraternal
C)
dizygotic
D)
identical
26)
Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
26)
A)
testosterone
B)
LH
C)
GnRH
D)
FSH
27)
Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
27)
A)
The ampulla is the narrow constricted region.
B)
The isthmus is the normal site of fertilization.
C)
The infundibulum is the funnel–shaped region near the ovary.
D)
The mesometrium supports the uterine tubes along their entire length.
28)
Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
28)
A)
they have the same degree of motility
B)
about the same number of each is produced per month
C)
they have the same number of chromosomes
D)
they are about the same size
29)
Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?
29)
A)
development of endometrial cells
B)
late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline
C)
corpus luteum
D)
vesicular follicle growth
30)
The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
30)
A)
sexually transmitted infections
B)
undescended testes
C)
a diet high in fat
D)
smoking
31)
Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.
31)
A)
The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to estrogen stimulation.
B)
Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
C)
High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.
D)
The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
32)
Spermiogenesis involves the ________.
32)
A)
sequence of events in the rete testis
B)
formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm
C)
formation of four haploid cells from a spermatogonium
D)
movement of sperm in the female genital tract
33)
The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis ________.
33)
A)
involves posterior pituitary release of regulating hormones
B)
involves a positive feedback loop control of spermatogenesis
C)
is the tight relationship between the cortex and the control of testicular function
D)
involves FSH and LH release
34)
The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the
________.
34)
A)
fallopian tubes
B)
infundibula
C)
fimbriae
D)
Graafian follicles
35)
The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
35)
A)
spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only
B)
during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced
C)
the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n
D)
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are
produced from the parent cell
36)
Prostate cancer is ________.
36)
A)
sometimes a slow–growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient
B)
most common in Asians
C)
often the result of a distortion of the urethra
D)
the number–one cause of death in men
37)
Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?
37)
A)
Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube.
B)
Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
C)
The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the decrease in secretion of
female hormones.
D)
Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.
38)
Why doesn’t semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
38)
A)
The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.
B)
Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction
muscles.
C)
There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by
testosterone buildup in the blood.
D)
There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system.
39)
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.
39)
A)
the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation
B)
FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
C)
a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
D)
estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle
40)
Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
40)
A)
Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
B)
Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
C)
Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body.
D)
Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
41)
Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?
41)
A)
The secondary spermatocytes each form two spermatids.
B)
The primary spermatocyte forms two secondary spermatocytes.
C)
Each spermatid forms two sperm.
D)
The spermatogonium forms the primary spermatocyte.
42)
The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system.
Which of the following is true about the role they play?
42)
A)
They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens.
B)
They regulate the temperature of the testes.
C)
They contract to allow ejaculation.
D)
They are responsible for penile erection.
43)
Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?
43)
A)
The sperm midpiece consists of mitochondria spiraled tightly around the contractile filaments
of the tail.
B)
They are sluggish in an alkaline environment.
C)
The acrosome is produced by the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes.
D)
They contain very little cytoplasm or stored nutrients.
44)
The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
44)
A)
synthesize female hormones
B)
protect the ovaries
C)
receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
D)
regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles
45)
Spermatogenesis ________.
45)
A)
involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes
B)
uses mitosis to produce gamete cells
C)
results in the formation of diploid cells
D)
is the process of releasing mature sperm cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule
A
46)
Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur
simultaneously?
46)
A)
maximal steroid secretion by the corpus luteum and menstruation
B)
regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion
C)
early follicular development and the secretory phase in the uterus
D)
maximal LH secretion and menstruation
B
47)
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
47)
A)
decreased testosterone secretion
B)
increased spermatogenesis
C)
excessive beard growth
D)
shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
A
48)
The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.
48)
A)
gravity
B)
hormonal action
C)
peristaltic contractions
D)
enzymatic activity
C
C
49)
If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?
49)
A)
twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number
would continue to double and normal development could not occur
B)
half the diploid number with no change in development
C)
triple the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number
would continue to triple and normal development would not occur
D)
There is no relationship between gametes and somatic cells.
50)
Which of the choices below is not a part of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis?
50)
A)
thalamus
B)
anterior pituitary gland
C)
hypothalamus
D)
interstitial cells
51)
The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
51)
A)
the bulbospongiosus muscles
B)
the dartos muscle
C)
parasympathetic nerves
D)
luteinizing hormone
52)
Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
52)
A)
ACTH
B)
GnRH
C)
ICSH
D)
inhibin
53)
Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
53)
A)
labia minora
B)
vagina
C)
labia majora
D)
clitoris
54)
Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
54)
A)
stimulates mammary gland development
B)
contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis
C)
stimulates protein synthesis
D)
stimulates the male pattern of development
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
55)
Explain the function of the myometrium and endometrium.
55)
Figure 27.1
Using Figure 27.1, match the following:
56)
Primary spermatocyte.
56)
57)
At what point is the sex of the embryo determined, and what determines it?
57)
Figure 27.1
Using Figure 27.1, match the following:
58)
First cells with n number of chromosomes.
58)
59)
Treponema pallidum causes the sexually transmitted disease called ________.
59)
60)
Describe the composition and functional roles of semen.
60)
Figure 27.2
Using Figure 27.2, match the following:
61)
Midpiece.
61)
62)
What are some risk factors for developing breast cancer?
62)
63)
What is the name given to the female homologue to the penis?
63)
64)
Ovulation occurs when the oocyte is released into the peritoneal cavity. By what means
does it usually enter the uterine tube?
64)
65)
The portion of the uterine endometrium that is not sloughed off every month is called the
________.
65)
66)
The erectile tissue around the urethra is the corpus ________.
66)
67)
What is the physiological importance of the fact that the male testes descend to reside in
the scrotal sac?
67)
Figure 27.2
Using Figure 27.2, match the following:
68)
Location of nucleus.
68)
69)
The midpiece of the sperm tail contains mostly ________.
69)
70)
The ________ of the testis nourish the newly formed sperm cells.
70)
Explanation:
Figure 27.3
Using Figure 27.3, match the following:
71)
Corpus luteum.
71)
72)
Primary follicles.
72)
73)
A follicle with only a small antrum in it would be classified as a(n) ________ follicle.
73)