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1. Greta feels anxious and frustrated. She is beginning to see that if she has a number of alcoholic drinks, she feels
better. Greta is most likely in which stage of alcohol addiction?
a. Pre-alcoholic stage
b. Prodromal stage
c. Physical dependency stage
d. Chronic stage
2. WhichofthefollowingareadvantagescreatedbyJellinek’sdiseasemodeloverthemoralmodelofAUDs?
a. Jellinek’smodelremovedjudgingthepersonwithanAUDas“weak”orlackingwillpower.
b. Jellinek’smodelmadeAUDsworthyofscientificstudy.
c. Jellinek’smodelprovidedphysiciansaframeworktoclassifypatternsofalcoholabuse.
d. All of these are advantages of Jellinek's model.
3. Norm has always been a risk taker. He has gotten into some trouble with the law and developed an AUD in his
early 20s. Based on this information, Norm is most likely a ________ alcoholic.
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
4. Whichofthefollowingtheories/hypothesespurportsthatthebrain’sneuralpathwaysareconstantlyrewiring
themselves in response to environmental changes?
a. Biological vulnerability hypothesis
b. Individual responsibility theory
c. Dopamine D2 receptor site hypothesis
d. Theory of neuroplasticity
5. A cornerstone of the medical model is that disease states are a reflection of
a. biological dysfunction at the cellular or molecular level.
b. acorruptionof“freewill.”
c. a disruption in the balance of the four humors of the body.
d. the unavoidable consequence of commerce, which has brought us things such as the bubonic plague in the
1300s, when flea infested rats were carried from areas where the plague was endemic to areas where it had
never been seen before.
6. Which of the following is most true about E.M. Jellinek?
a. He argued that alcoholism is a disease in a manner similar to hypertension, heart disease or infectious
diseases.
b. He agreed with many of his critics that alcoholism reflected moral failings on the part of the patient in certain
ways, but at its core it was a disease.
c. He argued that the disease model of alcoholism allowed the person to focus on recovery without having to
defend themselves from criticism that they lacked moral fiber.
d. He argued that the substance use disorders presented many patterns of symptoms that progressed through
predictablestages,andmightpossiblyendintheindividual’sdeath.
7. A cornerstone of the Jellinek model of alcoholism is that the individual
a. has a physical disease over which he or she has no control.
b. is frightened by signs of a loss of control, causing him or her to seek help.
c. must show none of the designated symptoms to be worthy of a diagnosis of alcoholism.
d. will follow one of multiple paths to an alcohol use disorder.
8. One frustrating problem is that most people
a. view genetics with a jaundiced eye because the science is so inexact.
b. view genetic predisposition as unalterable fate.
c. think the genetic inheritance theory will excuse the individual for behaviors such as committing a homicide.
d. believe the strongest determinant of behavior is totally beyond our control.
9. Characteristics of Type II alcohol dependency include
a. submission to rules and behavioral demands.
b. involvement in high risk-taking behaviors.
c. minimal involvement in antisocial behaviors in young adulthood.
d. virtually never developing an AUD prior to age 25.
10. The Dopamine D2 hypothesis suggests this receptor subtype
a. is involved in the termination of drug-induced euphoria.
b. is found mainly in regions of the brain involved in planning and risk assessment, but not in the reward cascade.
c. is found mainly in regions of the brain involved in the reward cascade.
d. was once considered a possible contributor to the development of SUDs, but this theory has since been
proven false.
11. An embarrassing outcome of the Jellinek model is that
a. in spite of expectations, it fails to predict individual drinking patterns or disease progression.
b. the original survey returns have been lost and are thus unavailable to researchers.
c. it does identify which drinkers will or will not be able to abstain from further alcohol use, but only during the
first 5 years following treatment.
d. it clearly identifies the mechanism by which loss of control takes place.
12. Whenafemalebeehatchesbutisnotfedthe“royaljelly,”it
a. becomes a queen and will eventually have to fight for the right to be queen by killing the current queen bee.
b. becomes a sterile worker bee.
c. starves while still in the egg and never hatches.
d. starves to death while it is still a larvae.
13. Physiciansoftenclaimthat,becauseof“neuroplasticity,”addictionsarebraindiseases.Inreality
a. neuroplasticity can only take place under special circumstances.
b. neuroplasticity only involves regions of the brain involved in involuntary behaviors.
c. we do not yet know enough about neuroplasticity to claim that it is a factor in the SUDs.
d. neuroplasticity is an evolutionary construct that is left over from the stone ages.
14. The neural activity within various regions of the brain transpires within _______; fMRI or PET scan images require
______ for data collection.
a. 2-3 minutes; 30 minutes
b. seconds; 30 minutes
c. hundredths of a second; minutes
d. a second; minutes
15. Areas of increased brain activity are not isolated events by themselves, but
a. a reflection of an integrated whole brain pattern of activity.
b. can be isolated by proper physiological imaging techniques.
c. are best seem on fMRI images.
d. can be identified through EEG tracings.
16. The belief that addictions are viewed as a weakness in character of the addict reflects the _______ model.
a. medical
b. psychosocial
c. moral
d. personality predisposition
17. Reina,aheroinaddict,states,“Ionlystartedusingbecauseofmyboyfriend.”Reinaismostlikelyengaginginthe
defense mechanism of
a. denial.
b. projection.
c. rationalization.
d. minimization.
18. One of the challenges to the defense mechanism theory is that research has found that
a. substance abusing clients do not use denial more frequently than other groups.
b. most substance abusing clients do not engage in defense mechanisms.
c. only patients in rehabilitation programs utilize the defense of denial.
d. substance abusing clients actually use defenses that have never been studied before.
19. Dr.BenjaminRushdefineda“disease”as
a. the result of a bacterial or viral infection or the result of trauma.
b. anything that could cause an imbalance in the nervous system.
c. aconditionthatheldthepotentialtocausetheindividual’sdeath.
d. a condition that resulted from evil spirits.
20. All the variations of the psychoanalytic school of thought hold that there is an _________ that paves the way for the
development of an addiction.
a. intense need to act out
b. intense fear of hallucinatory perception
c. internal conflict
d. internalized superego
21. Defense mechanisms are thought to protect the individual from immediate awareness of internal conflict, but they do
so
a. at the cost of long term adjustment.
b. by helping parental interjects take root.
c. bylimitingtheindividual’sawarenessofsomaticperception.
d. by helping the ego engage in counter-phobic behaviors.
22. It has been suggested that clinicians tend to
a. overlook cases that do not fit their preconceptions.
b. selectively remember cases that fit their preconceptions.
c. review theoretical models to determine which model fits which client but are unable to use that information as
a guide to treatment because of managed care constraints.
d. have an unbiased recall of all cases they have worked with.
23. Oneflawinthe“addictivepersonality”theoryisthat
a. psychoanalytic theory played too dominant a role in the development of this theory.
b. it was based only on personality characteristics of those people who failed to successfully complete a
rehabilitation program.
c. it was based almost exclusively on research samples drawn from people in a rehabilitation facility of some
kind.
d. researchers have yet to find substantial flaws in this theory.
24. To a behavioralist, the concept of ____________ is an illusion.
a. reward paradigm
b. punishment schedule
c. personality
d. form that reward takes
25. Humans work to
a. increase pleasure and decrease discomfort.
b. decrease pleasure and increase discomfort.
c. control sources of disruption and focus exclusively on their discomfort.
d. use personality and increase discomfort.
26. Ithasbeensuggestedthattheconceptofthe“alcoholicpersonality”
a. is well supported by clinical literature for men who drink, but not for women.
b. is well supported by clinical literature for women who drink, but not for men.
c. might reflect the illusion of correlation.
d. only emerged from clinical research conducted in the 1990s.
27. DescribethefactorsE.M.Jellinekusedtosupporthisargumentthatalcoholismwasadisease.Describethestages
of untreated alcoholism according to him.
28. Discuss the evidence in support of the dopamine D2 hypothesis.
29. Discusssomeoftheflawscriticsattributetothebio/psycho/socialmodelingeneral.
30. DescribethelearningtheorymodelofthedevelopmentofSUDs.
31. DiscussthepopularDrugAbuseResistanceEducation(D.A.R.E.)program,includingsomeofthecriticismsofsuch
psycho-educational programs.
32. According to research, there is no evidence that a variance in any particular gene can turn someone into an addict.
a. True
b. False
33. Type I alcoholism has been found to have higher heritability than Type II alcoholism.
a. True
b. False
34. Brain scans have provided researchers with a reliable way to prove that SUDs are brain diseases.
a. True
b. False
