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Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
65)
Structure most closely associated with granular cells.
65)
Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
66)
Proximal convoluted tubule cells.
66)
67)
The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract
when stretched.
67)
Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
68)
Filtrate at the site of these cells is about the same osmolarity as blood plasma.
68)
Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
69)
Medulla of the kidney.
69)
70)
Nephron loop.
70)
71)
Explain what is meant by the terms cotransport process and transport maximum.
71)
72)
Explain the role of aldosterone in sodium and water balance.
72)
Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
73)
Peritubular capillaries.
73)
74)
The area between the ureters and urethra is called the ________ in a bladder.
74)
Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
75)
Is composed of simple squamous epithelium.
75)
76)
Cells that are the most active in reabsorbing the filtrate.
76)
77)
Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called
________ water reabsorption.
77)
78)
ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the
collecting duct.
78)
79)
List three substances that are abnormal urinary constituents and provide the proper
clinical term for such abnormalities.
79)
Explanation:
Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
80)
Cells that are most affected by ADH.
80)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
81)
Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.
81)
82)
The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.
82)
83)
The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.
83)
84)
If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they
are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.
84)
85)
In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate
through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the
flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This
relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the
depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
85)
86)
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer.
86)
87)
An excessive urine output is called anuria.
87)
88)
Water reabsorption through the proximal convoluted tubule is termed obligatory water
reabsorption, whereas water reabsorption through the distal convoluted tubule is termed
facultative water reabsorption.
88)
89)
The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra, urinary bladder, and
finally the ureter.
89)
90)
The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.
90)
91)
Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.
91)
92)
Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.
92)
93)
The urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle.
93)
94)
In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to
water.
94)
95)
Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve
body water.
95)
96)
The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.
96)
97)
Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
97)
98)
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
98)
99)
The position of the kidneys behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity is described by the
term retroperitoneal.
99)
100)
The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
100)
101)
Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
101)
102)
Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood.
102)
103)
Obligatory water reabsorption involves the movement of water along an osmotic gradient.
103)
104)
The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
104)
105)
The macula densa cells are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in the urea content of the
filtrate.
105)
106)
Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.
106)
107)
Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.
107)
108)
Both the male and female urethras serve the urinary and the reproductive systems.
108)
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
109)
May form meandering vessels or
bundles of long straight vessels.
A)
Efferent arterioles
109)
Match the following:
110)
Peritubular capillaries.
A)
Blood supply that directly receives
Match the following:
111)
Low pressure, porous vessels that
reabsorb solutes and water from the
tubule cells.
A)
Peritubular capillaries
111)
Match the following:
112)
Proximal convoluted tubule.
113)
Collecting duct.
A)
Site at which most of the tubular
B)
Site that drains the distal convoluted
112)
113)
Match the following:
114)
Fenestrated vessels that allow passage
of all plasma elements but not blood
cells.
115)
High pressure vessel that forces fluid
and solutes into the glomerular
capsule.
116)
Play a role in urine concentration.
A)
Afferent arterioles
B)
Vasa recta
114)
115)
116)
Match the following:
117)
Glomerulus.
A)
Site of filtrate formation.
117)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
118)
Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to stay home from school. His
pediatrician prescribes a course of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and Harry feels much better within a few days.
However, some two weeks later, Harry has a dull, bilateral pain in his lower back and his urine is a smoky
brown color. On the basis of Harry's signs and symptoms, diagnose his condition and indicate the relationship
(if any) between his present condition and his earlier sore throat.
119)
What clinical effects would low blood pressure have on the kidneys of a burn patient?
120)
An 18 year old patient has a complaint of painful urination, fever, chills, and back pain. This is her second
urinary tract infection (UTI) within 5 months. How can the RN instruct the patient on prevention of another
UTI?
121)
An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area, elevated temperature, and
nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections. Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque
(whitish) spot in the area of his right ureter. Diagnose his problem. Give suggested treatment and prognosis.
122)
Ellen, a 47-year-old woman who has suffered kidney disease for several years, has been diagnosed with
proteinuria. Her legs and feet are so swollen that she has difficulty walking. Her hands and her left arm are also
swollen. What is proteinuria, and could this condition be playing a role in her swollen limbs?
123)
Explain how an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) such as captopril would be effective as
an antihypertensive.
124)
A 58-year-old woman complains of loss of urine when coughing and sneezing, and during exercise. She has
had three children. Describe the possible causes of urinary incontinence in this patient.
125)
Rachael has been complaining of frequent and burning urination. She also reported seeing some blood in her
urine. Her physician suspects cystitis. What is cystitis, and how can it cause these symptoms?
Answer Key
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Answer Key
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Answer Key
Testname: C25
Answer Key
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