49) What type of immune response is always disadvantageous to a person?
A) inflammatory
B) humoral
C) autoimmune
D) complement-mediated
50) Which of the following compounds is produced and secreted by mast cells during an allergic
reaction?
A) interferon
B) allergens
C) histamine
D) perforin
51) Anaphylactic shock is an example of an
A) autoimmune disease.
B) immunodeficiency disease.
C) allergic response.
D) acquired autoimmune disease.
52) Mononucleosis (“mono”) is usually caused by EBV, or the Epstein-Barr virus. Mono is more
common in children than in adults because adults usually have developed ________ toward the
virus.
A) innate immunity
B) adaptive immunity
C) lymphocytes
D) passive immunity
53) When mothers transmit IgG to their developing child during gestation, such as in the case of
a tetanus antibody, the mothers are providing a form of _________ immunity.
A) nonspecific
B) passive
C) humoral
D) active
54) Which is the correct order of steps taken by B and T cells to defend against infection in body
fluids and cells?
1. B and T cells move to the lymph nodes, spleen, and other parts of the lymphatic system.
2. B and T cells leave the bone marrow and thymus and move to the bloodstream.
3. B and T cells meet and begin to fight viruses or other infectious agents.
4. B and T cells develop antigen receptors.
A) 4, 2, 1, 3
B) 2, 4, 3, 1
C) 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 2, 4, 1, 3
55) Antigens can be
A) proteins.
B) large polysaccharides that protrude from virus surfaces or foreign cells.
C) blood or tissue cells from organisms of the same or different species.
D) all of the above.
56) Enzymes are to active sites as
A) antigenic binding sites are to antigenic determinants.
B) viruses are to antigens.
C) antigens are to epitopes.
D) antigenic determinants are to epitopes.
57) A physician sees a new patient who is 25 years old. The patient reports that she has been
experiencing recurrent ear, nose, and throat infections since she was about 5 years old. The
infections last for long periods of time and are difficult to treat. The physician suspects that the
patient may have
A) an autoimmune disorder.
B) an allergic reaction.
C) an immunodeficiency disorder.
D) abnormal levels of allergens.
58) Bronchitis can be easily acquired by individuals with immunodeficiency disorders. In these
situations, bronchitis is an example of
A) a virus.
B) an opportunistic infection.
C) adaptive immunity.
D) an autoimmune disorder.
59) In May 2013, a drug-resistant strain of H7N9 bird flu was discovered in China. The
implication(s) of a drug-resistant virus strain is(are)
A) that it will be difficult to eradicate.
B) that it could proliferate quickly.
C) that it should be studied carefully.
D) all of the above.
60) Spring has arrived, and you notice your neighbors are cutting their grass. When you walk
outside to check if your mail has arrived, your eyes begin to water and feel itchy. You are more
than likely experiencing
A) an overreaction to pollen.
B) a reaction due to an autoimmune disease.
C) a pollen allergy.
D) both A and C.
61) Because cytotoxic T cells can recognize viral proteins, they can destroy these infected cells.
This is particularly important to individuals with certain kinds of cancers because
A) destroying the infected cells can help slow the spread of the infected cells.
B) destroying the infected cells can help stop the spread of the infected cells.
C) destroying the infected cells will help prevent future infections of other viruses.
D) both A and B.
62) A physician is trying to determine if a patient has functioning helper T cells. Which of the
following events would provide evidence that helper T cells are acting normally?
A) Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens.
B) Memory cells are produced after the secondary immune response.
C) Stimulatory proteins are secreted that help activate B cells, thus stimulating the humoral
immune response.
D) The inflammatory response is triggered.
63) A woman sustains irreversible damage to one of her lungs in a fire. Her identical twin sister,
who lives in another state, offers to donate one of her lungs to her injured sibling. Would
physicians view this as an organ transplant surgery with a strong chance of success?
A) Yes; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely
minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells.
B) Yes; the identical twins would have highly different self-proteins, and this would likely
minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells.
C) No; the identical twins would have highly similar self-proteins, and this would likely
minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells.
D) No; the identical twins would have highly different self-proteins, and this would likely
minimize rejection by cytotoxic T cells.
64) Most _________ are located at specific areas where bacteria microbes tend to attack so that
they can readily engulf and destroy the invading bacteria.
A) erythrocytes
B) leukocytes
C) macrophages
D) interferons
65) ________ are a component of the immune system that are able to destroy cancer cells by
deploying toxins into infected cells as a means of killing them. In this role they are cytotoxic—
that is, “cell killing.”
A) Natural killer cells
B) Phagocytes
C) Antibodies
D) B cells
66) Innate defenses are described in the text as “always standing by, ready to be used in their
current form.” Which of the following are examples of innate immunity?
1. stomach pH
2. natural killer cells
3. B lymphocytes
4. fever
A) 1, 2
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4
67) You have been running a high fever, have stomach cramps, and have felt weak and
disoriented for five days, so you set up an appointment with your physician. After asking you a
few questions, she starts a physical examination by probing for swollen areas in your abdomen.
You immediately sense that she is looking for
A) lymph nodes.
B) histamines.
C) antibodies.
D) antigens.
68) A physician diagnoses a patient with a bacterial infection and determines that the patient is
not immune to the bacteria. He delivers a shot of blood plasma that contains antibodies to his
patient. The physician is transferring
A) lymph nodes.
B) the cell-mediated immune response.
C) antigen receptors.
D) the humoral immune response.
69) Which of the following are antigens?
1. toxins
2. chemicals
3. foreign particles (e.g., splinters)
4. drugs
A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 3
C) 1, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4
70) Which of the following describes a complete defense system?
A) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and interferons
B) antibodies of the adaptive humoral immune response and components of innate immunity
C) phagocytosis only
D) complement system only
71) Monoclonal antibodies are a successful driving force of therapy in the treatment of asthma.
The use of antibodies to treat asthma is an application of
A) ecological research on human populations affected by asthma.
B) medical research in a laboratory setting.
C) field research in a natural setting.
D) historical research on diseases that affect lung capacity.
24.2 Art Questions
1) Which part of this figure shows a clone of memory cells?
A) part A
B) part B
C) part C
D) part D
2) Where is the antigen-binding site of this antibody?
A) site A
B) site B
C) site C
D) site D
24.3 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
To protect U.S. soldiers serving overseas, each soldier receives vaccinations against several
diseases, including smallpox, before deployment. Following intelligence about an imminent
smallpox threat in Iraq, the U.S. Army wants to ensure that soldiers stationed there are fully
protected from exposure to the disease, so all the soldiers in the threat zone are given a second
vaccination against smallpox.
1) The first vaccination provides immunity because
A) a localized inflammatory response is initiated.
B) the vaccine contains manufactured antibodies against smallpox.
C) antigenic determinants in the vaccine activate B cells, which form plasma cells as well as
memory cells.
D) the vaccine contains antibiotics and other drugs that kill the smallpox virus.
2) The second vaccination is beneficial because
A) it contains plasma cells that survive longer than 4—5 days.
B) it stimulates production of a higher concentration of antibodies in the bloodstream.
C) it requires two injections to stimulate antibody formation.
D) it keeps previously produced plasma cells circulating in the bloodstream.
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Consider the following statement from the textbook: “Scientists hypothesize that higher anti-
HPV antibody levels provide greater protection from HPV-related cancers compared to lower
levels, but they don’t yet have strong evidence to support this hypothesis.”
3) Suppose you design a study to test this hypothesis. Your study participants are adults between
the ages of 25 and 40 (mean age = 32). From the following choices, select the groups of
individuals who would make the best participants for the experimental group in your study.
A) a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females
B) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males
C) a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females
D) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females
4) Suppose you design a study to test this hypothesis. Your study participants are adults between
the ages of 25 and 40 (mean age = 32). From the following choices, select the groups of
individuals who would make the best participants for the control group in your study.
A) a group of 100 vaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult females
B) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 vaccinated adult males
C) a group of 50 vaccinated adult males and a group of 150 vaccinated adult females
D) a group of 100 unvaccinated adult males and a group of 100 unvaccinated adult females
5) Suppose you conduct the study and obtain the results graphed above. What can you conclude
about the correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and incidence of HPV-related cancers?
A) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently increases.
B) As antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently decreases.
C) An antibody levels increase, the incidence of HPV-related cancers consistently stays the
same.
D) There is no consistent correlation between anti-HPV antibody levels and the incidence of
HPV-related cancers.
6) Suppose you conduct the study and obtain the results graphed above. How do the results of
your study add to existing knowledge about whether or not higher anti-HPV antibody levels
provide greater protection from HPV-related cancers?
A) Your results add evidence that supports the original hypothesis.
B) Your results do not provide evidence that supports the hypothesis.
C) Your results neither support nor refute the hypothesis.
D) Your results, if they are replicated in another study, will add evidence that supports the
original hypothesis.