Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
62)
Involves sugar activation, sugar cleavage, and oxidation and ATP formation.
62)
63)
Ten–step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.
63)
64)
The process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid
molecules is called ________.
64)
Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
65)
Produces the CO2 involved during glucose oxidation.
65)
66)
Explain what happens to pyruvic acid if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities to
support the electron transport system.
66)
67)
What are the four mechanisms of heat exchange and how are they defined?
67)
68)
Compare and contrast PKU and galactosemia.
68)
69)
The enzymes that catalyze oxidation–reduction reactions by removing hydrogen are
specifically called ________.
69)
70)
Explain why the elderly more easily gain weight, even though they may actually eat very
little.
70)
71)
Define nitrogen balance. List three factors that might lead to negative nitrogen balance and
three that might result in positive nitrogen balance.
71)
72)
Fat burning causes an accumulation of acetyl CoA, which the liver converts to ________.
72)
73)
What is the significance of the fact that monosaccharides are phosphorylated immediately
upon entry into cells?
73)
Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
74)
Occurs via substrate–level phosphorylation.
74)
75)
What is obesity, and what health problems accompany or follow its onset?
75)
76)
Hypervitaminosis may have serious consequences. Which vitamin group, water or fat
soluble, is most likely to be involved in such cases and why?
76)
77)
Low body temperature due to excessive cold is called ________.
77)
78)
The Krebs cycle produces ________ ATP molecules per glucose molecule by
substrate–level phosphorylation.
78)
79)
Which nutritional state constitutes the period during and shortly after eating when
nutrients are flushing into the bloodstream from the GI tract?
79)
Figure 24.1
Using Figure 24.1, match the following:
80)
Where the hydrogen atoms removed during the oxidation of food fuels are combined with
O2.
80)
81)
How is the postabsorptive state controlled and initiated?
81)
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.
82)
There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a
complete protein.
82)
83)
The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by the age, size, and metabolic rate of
the person.
83)
84)
Triglycerides and cholesterol do not circulate freely in the bloodstream.
84)
85)
Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.
85)
86)
For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.
86)
87)
It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in
maintaining the body.
87)
88)
The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose
sparing.
88)
89)
In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.
89)
90)
High levels of HDLs are considered good.
90)
91)
Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.
91)
92)
The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the
body can maintain life and good health.
92)
93)
The major role of HDLs is to store energy in the form of fat.
93)
94)
Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to
glucose–6–phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose–1–phosphate.
94)
95)
All athletes require diets high in protein and calories in order to perform and to maintain their
muscle mass.
95)
96)
The preferred energy fuel for the brain is fat.
96)
97)
The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.
97)
98)
When blood glucose levels are low, the body begins to use more noncarbohydrate fuels for energy
production. This process is called glucose activation.
98)
99)
The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids
equals the amount excreted in urine.
99)
100)
Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools
must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular
respiration pathways.
100)
101)
Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.
101)
102)
The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.
102)
103)
Peptides called NPY and AgRP are powerful appetite enhancers.
103)
104)
Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.
104)
105)
Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic.
105)
106)
Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.
106)
107)
Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.
107)
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
108)
Heat transfer into the chair you are
sitting on.
A
A)
conduction
108)
Match the following:
109)
Storage of glucose in the form of
glycogen.
A
A)
glycogenesis
109)
Match the following:
110)
Glucose serves as the initial reactant.
A
A)
Glycolysis
110)
Match the following:
111)
Heat loss in the form of infrared
waves.
A
A)
radiation
111)
Match the following:
112)
Occurs in the cytosol of a cell.
A
112)
A)
Glycolysis
Match the following:
113)
Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl
groups.
A
A)
beta oxidation
113)
Match the following:
114)
Involves the removal of hydrogen
electrons and CO2 from the substrate
molecule.
A
A)
Krebs cycle
114)
Match the following:
115)
Heat exchange when you are under a
ceiling fan.
A)
convection
115)
Match the following:
116)
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid.
Answer:
A
116)
A)
glycolysis
Match the following:
117)
Heat loss during sweating.
Answer:
A
A)
evaporation
117)
Match the following:
118)
Formation of ketone bodies.
Answer:
A
118)
A)
ketogenesis
Match the following:
119)
Breakdown of glycogen to release
glucose.
Answer:
A
A)
glycogenolysis
119)
Match the following:
120)
Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol
and fatty acids.
Answer:
A
A)
lipolysis
120)
Match the following:
121)
Produces the most ATP.
Answer:
A
121)
A)
Electron transport chain
Match the following:
122)
Synthesis of lipids from glucose or
amino acids.
Answer:
A
A)
lipogenesis
122)
Match the following:
123)
Involves the use of oxygen to pick up
excess hydrogen and electrons.
Answer:
A
A)
Electron transport chain
123)
Match the following:
124)
Formation of glucose from proteins or
fats.
Answer:
A
A)
gluconeogenesis
124)
Answer:
A
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
125)
The patient is a 28–year–old female with insulin–dependent diabetes. She developed viral gastroenteritis with
nausea and vomiting. She did not take her insulin and she became increasingly nonresponsive. Her husband
called 911 and she was taken to the emergency room. Her pulse rate was 128 and her respiratory rate was 28,
deep, and smelled fruity (Kussmaul breathing). Her urinary glucose and ketone levels were both 4+. Her pH
was dangerously low. Explain how the body attempted to compensate for the low serum pH.
126)
What are four possible complications of obesity from a medical standpoint?
127)
Harry is hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia. When you visit him, his teeth are chattering, his skin is cool
and clammy to the touch, and he complains of feeling cold, even though the room is quite warm. Explain his
symptoms.
128)
Hank, a 17–year–old high school student, suffered a heart attack during a recreational swim. An autopsy
revealed that he had had atherosclerosis and that his death had been caused by coronary artery disease. What
might have been the cause of this disease that usually strikes a person much older than Hank?
129)
The patient is 45 years old and is obese. He states he has been on the Atkins diet and has lost 20 pounds. What
are the dangers inherent in following fad diets for quick weight loss?
130)
After chopping wood for about 2 hours, on a hot but breezy afternoon, John stumbled into the house and
immediately fainted. His T–shirt was wringing wet with perspiration, and his pulse was faint and rapid. What
is your tentative diagnosis? Explain your reasoning and note what you should do to help John’s recovery.
131)
The patient is 52 years old and has a history of hypertension. His cholesterol level is 245. He states his job is very
stressful and he is recently going through a divorce. He admits to being overweight and has an inactive lifestyle.
His father died of a stroke at age 60. He is worried about having a heart attack and/or stroke and wishes to
change his lifestyle. The nurse encourages the patient to eat more fish. Explain why eating more fish would be
of benefit for this patient.
Answer Key
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Answer Key
Testname: C24
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Answer Key
Testname: C24
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Answer Key
Testname: C24
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