16
41) __________ is a monosaccharide.
A) Sucrose
B) Maltose
C) Glucose
D) Lactose
42) The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that __________.
A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not
E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
43) Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?
A) fructose
B) lactose
C) sucrose
D) maltose
E) none of the above
44) Consider the following types of compounds:
(i) amino acid
(ii) nitrogen-containing organic base
(iii)phosphoric acid
(iv) five-carbon sugar
From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed?
A) none
B) (i) and (ii)
C) (ii) and (iv)
D) (ii), (iii), and (iv)
E) all
45) The basic building block of nucleic acids is the __________.
A) nucleoside
B) nucleotide
C) ester linkage
D) nitrogen base
E) phosphoric acid
46) The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by __________.
17
A) ionic bonds
B) covalent bonds
C) ion-dipole bonds
D) ester bonds
E) hydrogen bonds
24.2 Bimodal Questions
1) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in CH3–* CH2– CH3, *CH2CH2, and CH3–
*C≡CH is __________, __________, and __________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp2, sp
B) sp3, sp, sp2
C) sp, sp2, sp3
D) sp, sp3, sp2
E) sp2, sp3, sp
2) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called __________.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
3) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
4) The simplest alkyne is __________.
A) ethylene
B) ethane
C) acetylene
D) propyne
E) benzene
5) The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by __________.
A) ion-dipole attraction
B) dipole-dipole attraction
C) London forces
D) hydrogen bonding
E) ionic bonding
6) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called __________.
A) alkanes
B) aromatic hydrocarbons
C) alkynes
D) alkenes
E) olefins
7) Alkynes always contain a __________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
8) Alkenes always contain a __________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C-C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
9) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is __________.
A) octahedral
B) square planar
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal
10) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is
__________.
A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 9
E) 12
11) Cyclohexane has __________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
12) How many structural isomers of heptane exist?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9
13) The general formula of an alkane is __________.
A) C2nH2n+2
B) CnH2n
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnH2n-2
E) CnHn
14) Alkanes with __________ to __________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.
A) 2, 3
B) 5, 12
C) 1, 5
D) 9, 15
E) 20, 60
20
15) Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is __________.
A) less dense than water
B) less viscous than water
C) nonpolar and water is polar
D) volatile and water is not
E) polar and water is nonpolar
16) Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas __________ is assigned an octane number
of 0.
A) methane
B) propane
C) benzene
D) heptane
E) nitrous oxide
17) The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about __________.
A) 0
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
E) 93
18) Alkenes have the general formula __________.
A) CnH2n.
B) CnH2n-2.
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnHn.
E) C2nHn.
19) The compound below is an __________.
H-C=CH-CH3
A) alkyne
B) alkene
C) alkane
D) aromatic compound
E) olefin
20) What is the name of the compound below?
A) 2,4-methylbutene
B) 2,5-dimethylpentane
C) 2,4-ethylbutene
D) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene
E) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene
21) The name of CH3–CH CCH–CH–CH CH– CH3 is __________.
A) 2, 3, 5 – octatriene
B) 2, 5, 6 – octatriene
C) 2, 3, 6 – octatriene
D) 3, 5, 6 – octatriene
E) 3, 4, 7 – octatriene
22) __________ could be the formula of an alkene.
A) C3H8
B) C3H6
C) C6H6
D) C17H36
E) CH8
23) In general, __________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) alkanes
D) cycloalkanes
E) olefins
24) The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces __________.
A) 1-bromobutane
B) 2-bromobutane
C) 1,2-dibromobutane
D) 2,3-dibromobutane
E) no reaction
25) Aromatic hydrocarbons __________.
A) readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes
B) contain a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms
C) undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons
D) have sp3 hybridized carbon atoms
26) How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
27) The general formula for an ether is __________.
A) R OR’
B) R CO R’
C) R CO OH
D) R OH
E) R CO H
28) Ethers can be made by condensation of two __________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of
water.
A) alkyne
B) alcohol
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) olefin
29) The general formula of an aldehyde is __________.
A) R OR’
B) R CO R’
C) R CO OH
D) R CHO
E) R CO OR’
30) The general formula of a carboxylic acid is __________.
A) R OR’
B) R CO R’
C) R CO OH
D) R H
E) R CO OR’
31) The general formula of an ester is __________.
A) R OR’
B) R CO R’
C) R CO OH
D) R OH
E) R CO OR’
32) CH3CH2C( O)NH2 is called a(n) __________.
A) amine
B) amide
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) ester
33) The compound below is a(n) __________.
A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) aldehyde
D) ester
E) amine
34) The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is __________.
A) sp
B) sp3
C) sp2
D) d2sp3
E) sp4
35) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called __________.
A) allotropes
B) geometrical isomers
C) enantiomers
D) cofactors
E) chiral compounds
36) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of __________ bonding.
A) covalent
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) hydrogen
E) none of the above
37) Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of __________.
A) lactose
B) glucose
C) fructose
D) sucrose
E) amino acids
38) How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
39) __________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and
liver.
A) Lactose
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
E) Sucrose
40) What forces hold the strands of DNA together?
A) covalent bonds
B) hydrogen bonding
C) ion-dipole attraction
D) coordinate covalent bonds
24.3 Short Answer Questions
1) Electron pairs surrounding the carbon atoms in alkanes are in a __________ arrangement.
2) The resistance of gasoline to engine knocking is referred to as its __________.
3) Why is cyclopropane more reactive than propane?
4) What is the name of the compound below?
5) Write the formula for 2-methyl-4-propylnonane.
6) What is the correct name for the compound, CH3CH2CH CHCH2CH CHCH3?
7) What is the name of the compound below?
8) Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?
9) Predict the product of the catalytic hydrogenation of 6-ethyl-3-decene.
10) Hydrogenation of what alkyne produces propane?
11) In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is
substituted?
12) The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the __________ reaction.
13) The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of __________.
14) What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3?
15) The formation of aspirin by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid is a __________ reaction.
16) In the oxidation of ethanol the intermediate formed is __________.
17) The primary ingredient in vinegar is __________
18) The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as __________.
19) The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base is called __________.
20) Non-superimposable mirror-image isomers of a substance are called __________.
21) Living organisms must expend energy to counter any increase in __________.
22) The doubly ionized form of an amino acid is called a __________
23) Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, __________ of them must be ingested because our
bodies cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.
24) Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called __________.
25) The most important acidic and basic functional groups in all amino acids are the __________ and
the ________ groups, respectively.
26) The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
amino acid results in the formation of a __________.
27) Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and __________.
28) The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are __________.
29) In DNA adenine is always paired with __________.
24.4 True/False Questions
1) The overall polarity of organic molecules is high.
2) Cyclobutane is more reactive than butane.
3) The stability of benzene is a major function of delocalized π bonding.
4) Aldehydes are less reactive than ketones.
5) A carbon with three or more attached groups will be chiral.
6) Racemic mixtures of enantiomers do not rotate the plane of polarized light.
7) The majority of glucose molecules exist in ring structure.
8) Humans digest starch but not cellulose because of differences in the type of linkage between the
glucose monomers of these substances
9) The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces.