17) The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about ________.
A) 0
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75
E) 93
18) Alkenes have the general formula ________.
A) CnH2n
B) CnH2n-2
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnHn
E) C2nHn
19) The compound below is an ________.
A) alkyne
B) alkene
C) alkane
D) aromatic compound
E) olefin
20) What is the name of the compound below?
A) 2,4-methylbutene
B) 2,5-dimethylpentane
C) 2,4-ethylbutene
D) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene
E) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene
21) The name of CH3–CH CCH–CH–CH CH–CH3 is ________.
A) 2, 3, 5 – octatriene
B) 2, 5, 6 – octatriene
C) 2, 3, 6 – octatriene
D) 3, 5, 6 – octatriene
E) 3, 4, 7 – octatriene
22) ________ could be the formula of an alkene.
A) C3H8
B) C3H6
C) C6H6
D) C17H36
E) CH8
23) In general, ________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) alkanes
D) cycloalkanes
E) olefins
24) The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces ________.
A) 1-bromobutane
B) 2-bromobutane
C) 1,2-dibromobutane
D) 2,3-dibromobutane
E) no reaction
25) Aromatic hydrocarbons ________.
A) readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes
B) contain a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms
C) undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons
D) have sp3 hybridized carbon atoms
26) How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
27) The general formula for an ether is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
28) Ethers can be made by condensation of two ________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water.
A) alkyne
B) alcohol
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) olefin
29) The general formula of an aldehyde is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
30) The general formula of a carboxylic acid is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
31) The general formula of an ester is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
32)
is called a(n) ________.
A) amine
B) amide
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
E) ester
33) The compound below is a(n) ________.
A) carboxylic acid
B) ketone
C) aldehyde
D) ester
E) amine
34) The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is ________.
A) sp
B) sp3
C) sp2
D) d2sp3
E) sp4
35) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called ________.
A) allotropes
B) geometrical isomers
C) enantiomers
D) cofactors
E) chiral compounds
36) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of ________ bonding.
A) covalent
B) peptide
C) ionic
D) hydrogen
E) none of the above
37) Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of ________.
A) lactose
B) glucose
C) fructose
D) sucrose
E) amino acids
38) How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
39) ________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver.
A) Lactose
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Glycogen
E) Sucrose
30
40) What forces hold the strands of DNA together?
A) covalent bonds
B) hydrogen bonding
C) ion-dipole attraction
D) coordinate covalent bonds
24.3 Algorithmic Questions
1) Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkane?
A) C9H20
B) C3H3
C) C4H6
D) C5H4
E) C3H6
2) Which one of the following could be a straight-chain alkene?
A) C4H8
B) C5H5
C) C7H9
D) C3H8
E) C10H22
3) Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?
A) C5H10
B) C6H5
C) C3H5
D) C2H6
E) C10H22
4) Pentane has ________ structural isomers.
A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) 4
E) 5
5) What geometric shape will the structure of cyclohexane appear as when drawn as a line structure?
A) hexagon
B) heptagon
C) octagon
D) triangle
E) square
6) Gas, isolated from petroleum, has a minimum of ________ carbon atoms.
A) 1
B) 36
C) 20
D) 16
E) 12
7) The correct name for the molecule CH3CH3 is ________.
A) ethane
B) propane
C) ethyl
D) propyne
E) butane
8) The product of the addition reaction wherein H2 is added to 1-propene in the presence of a nickel
catalyst is named ________.
A) propane
B) propyne
C) propanol
D) 2-butene
E) propanoic acid
9) The following reaction would produce a(n) ________.
A) aldehyde
B) carboxylic acid
C) ester
D) ether
E) amide
10) What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11) Which of the following compounds does not contain a C O bond?
A) alcohols
B) aldahydes
C) carboxylic acids
D) esters
E) none of the above
12) The suffix used for organic molecules containing the ketone functional group is ________.
A) –one
B) -oic acid
C) -oate
D) -amide
E) -ene
13) How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHCHCH2CHBr2?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
14) ________ is a disaccharide.
A) Sucrose
B) Fructose
C) Ribose
D) Cellulose
E) Uracil
15) ________ is a monosaccharide.
A) Fructose
B) Lactose
C) Guanine
D) Glycogen
E) none of the above
16) ________ is a polysaccharide.
A) Cellulose
B) Galactose
C) Ribose
D) Sucrose
E) Uracil
24.4 Short Answer Questions
1) Electron pairs surrounding the carbon atoms in alkanes are in a ________ arrangement.
2) The resistance of gasoline to engine knocking is referred to as its ________.
3) Why is cyclopropane more reactive than propane?
4) What is the name of the compound below?
5) Write the formula for 2-methyl-4-propylnonane.
6) What is the correct name for the compound, CH3CH2CH CHCH2CH CHCH3?
7) What is the name of the compound below?
8) Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?
9) Predict the product of the catalytic hydrogenation of 6-ethyl-3-decene.
10) Hydrogenation of what alkyne produces propane?
11) In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is
substituted?
12) The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the ________ reaction.
13) The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of ________.
14) What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3?
15) The formation of aspirin by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid is a(n) ________ reaction.
16) In the oxidation of ethanol the intermediate formed is ________.
17) The primary ingredient in vinegar is ________.
18) The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as ________.
19) The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base is called ________.
20) Non-superimposable mirror-image isomers of a substance are called ________.
21) Living organisms must expend energy to counter any increase in ________.
22) The doubly ionized form of an amino acid is called a(n) ________.
23) Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, ________ of them must be ingested because our bodies
cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.
24) Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called ________.
25) The most important acidic and basic functional groups in all amino acids are the ________ and the
________ groups, respectively.
26) The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second
amino acid results in the formation of a(n) ________.
27) Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and ________.
28) The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are ________.
29) In DNA, adenine is always paired with ________.
24.5 True/False Questions
1) The overall polarity of organic molecules is high.
2) Cyclobutane is more reactive than butane.
3) The stability of benzene is a major function of delocalized π bonding.
4) Aldehydes are less reactive than ketones.
5) A carbon with three or more attached groups will be chiral.
6) Racemic mixtures of enantiomers do not rotate the plane of polarized light.
7) The majority of glucose molecules exist in ring structure.
8) Humans digest starch but not cellulose because of differences in the type of linkage between the
glucose monomers of these substances.
9) The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces.