Chemistry: The Central Science, 13e (Brown et al.)
Chapter 24 The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
24.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?
A) water
B) NaNO3
C) HCl
D) hexane
E) NaCl
2) If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the
proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.
3) Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline?
A) toluene
B) ethanol
C) MTBE
D) tetraethyl lead
4) How many isomers are possible for C4H10?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10
5) How many isomers are possible for C5H12?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 10
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6) The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is ________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7) When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the
highest boiling point is called ________.
A) gas
B) gasoline
C) kerosene
D) paraffin
E) asphalt
8) What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C2H5)4Pb) as an antiknock agent in
gasoline?
A) aromatic compounds
B) olefins
C) fluorochlorocarbons
D) paraffins
E) oxygenated hydrocarbons
9) How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C5H10?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 10
E) 12
10) How many isomers of C2H2Cl2 are polar?
A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) It is impossible to tell without more information.
11) Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?
A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms.
B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.
C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.
D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.
E) Alkenes can be polymerized.
12) Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?
A) The addition occurs at the double bond.
B) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge.
C) A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge.
D) The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction.
E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.
13) Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three C C bonds in that the
latter would be expected to react much more readily with ________.
A) H2
B) Cl2
C) Br2
D) HCl
E) all of the above
14) Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a
hydroxyl functional group. ________ is the general formula of an alcohol.
A) R—O—R
B) R—CO—R
C) R—CO—OH
D) R—OH
E) R—CO—H
15) Which one of the following is not an alcohol?
A) acetone
B) glycerol
C) ethanol
D) cholesterol
E) ethylene glycol
16) The oxidation of ethanol produces ________.
A) acetic acid
B) formic acid
C) citric acid
D) lactic acid
E) oxalic acid
17) Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH?
A) CH3CH2CH2OH
B)
C)
D)
E) CH3OH
18) Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom?
A) ketones
B) alcohols
C) ethers
D) esters
E) water
19) Of the compounds below, ________ is an isomer of
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
20) Which structure below represents a ketone?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
21) Which structure below represents an amine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
22) Which structure below represents an aldehyde?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23) Which structure below represents an ether?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
24) Which structure below is not correctly drawn?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
25) Which one of the following molecules is chiral?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
26) How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 – dimethylpropane) have?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
27) How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHClCH2CH2CHBrCH3?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
28) Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?
A) ester and amine
B) amine and carboxylic acid
C) alcohol and carboxylic acid
D) alcohol and amine
E) ester and carboxylic acid
29) Which amino acid is not chiral?
A) leucine
B) isoleucine
C) glycine
D) alanine
E) threonine
30) The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by ________ bonds.
A) hydrogen
B) dipole-dipole
C) ion-dipole
D) covalent
E) all of the above
31) Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) none of the above
32) Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucleic acids
D) amino acids
E) salts
33) The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that ________.
A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide
C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not
D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not
E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar
34) Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?
A) fructose
B) lactose
C) sucrose
D) maltose
E) none of the above
35) Consider the following types of compounds:
(i) amino acid
(ii) nitrogen-containing organic base
(iii) phosphoric acid
(iv) five-carbon sugar
From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed?
A) none
B) (i) and (ii)
C) (ii) and (iv)
D) (ii), (iii), and (iv)
E) all
36) The basic building block of nucleic acids is the ________.
A) nucleoside
B) nucleotide
C) ester linkage
D) nitrogen base
E) phosphoric acid
37) The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by ________.
A) ionic bonds
B) covalent bonds
C) ion-dipole bonds
D) ester bonds
E) hydrogen bonds
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24.2 Bimodal Questions
1) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in CH3–*CH2–CH3, *CH2CH2, and CH3–*C≡CH is
________, ________, and ________, respectively.
A) sp3, sp2, sp
B) sp3, sp, sp2
C) sp, sp2, sp3
D) sp, sp3, sp2
E) sp2, sp3, sp
2) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________.
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
3) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?
A) alkenes
B) alkynes
C) aromatics
D) alkanes
E) ketones
4) The simplest alkyne is ________.
A) ethylene
B) ethane
C) acetylene
D) propyne
E) benzene
5) The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by ________.
A) ion-dipole attraction
B) dipole-dipole attraction
C) London forces
D) hydrogen bonding
E) ionic bonding
6) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called ________.
A) alkanes
B) aromatic hydrocarbons
C) alkynes
D) alkenes
E) olefins
7) Alkynes always contain a ________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C—C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
8) Alkenes always contain a ________.
A) C C bond
B) C≡C bond
C) C-C bond
D) C H bond
E) C≡H bond
9) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is ________.
A) octahedral
B) square planar
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal
10) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is
________.
A) 4
B) 6
C) 3
D) 9
E) 12
11) Cyclohexane has ________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
12) How many structural isomers of heptane exist?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 9
13) The general formula of an alkane is ________.
A) C2nH2n+2
B) CnH2n
C) CnH2n+2
D) CnH2n-2
E) CnHn
14) Alkanes with ________ to ________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.
A) 2, 3
B) 5, 12
C) 1, 5
D) 9, 15
E) 20, 60
15) Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is ________.
A) less dense than water
B) less viscous than water
C) nonpolar and water is polar
D) volatile and water is not
E) polar and water is nonpolar
16) Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas ________ is assigned an octane number of 0.
A) methane
B) propane
C) benzene
D) heptane
E) nitrous oxide