CHAPTER 23—ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT
TRUE/FALSE
1. One objective of risk management can be to reduce the volatility of a firm’s cash flows.
2. Interest rate swaps allow a firm to exchange fixed for floating-rate payments, but a swap cannot reduce
actual net interest expenses.
3. Speculative risks are symmetrical in the sense that they offer the chance of a gain as well as a loss,
while pure risks are those that can only lead to losses.
4. In theory, reducing the volatility of its cash flows will always increase a company’s value.
5. The two basic types of hedges involving the futures market are long hedges and short hedges, where
the words “long” and “short” refer to the maturity of the hedging instrument. For example, a long
hedge might use Treasury bonds, while a short hedge might use 3-month T-bills.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. Which of the following are NOT ways risk management can be used to increase the value of a firm?
a.
Risk management can help a firm maintain its optimal capital budget.
b.
Risk management can reduce the expected costs of financial distress.
c.
Risk management can help firms minimize taxes.
d.
Risk management can allow managers to defer receipt of their bonuses and thus postpone
tax payments.
e.
Risk management can increase debt capacity.
7. Which of the following statements about interest rate and reinvestment rate risk is CORRECT?
a.
Interest rate price risk exists because fixed-rate debt securities lose value when interest
rates rise, while reinvestment rate risk is the risk of earning less than expected when
interest payments or debt principal are reinvested.
b.
Interest rate price risk can be eliminated by holding zero coupon bonds.
c.
Reinvestment rate risk can be eliminated by holding variable (or floating) rate bonds.
d.
Interest rate risk can never be reduced.
e.
Variable (or floating) rate securities have more interest rate (price) risk than fixed rate
securities.
8. A swap is a method used to reduce financial risk. Which of the following statements about swaps, if
any, is NOT CORRECT?
a.
The earliest swaps were currency swaps, in which companies traded debt denominated in
different currencies, say dollars and pounds.
b.
Swaps are very often arranged by a financial intermediary, who may or may not take the
position of one of the counterparties.
c.
A problem with swaps is that no standardized contracts exist, which has prevented the
development of a secondary market.
d.
A company can swap fixed interest payments for floating interest payments.
e.
A swap involves the exchange of cash payment obligations.
9. Which of the following statements is most CORRECT?
a.
Futures contracts generally trade on an organized exchange and are marked to market
daily.
b.
Goods are never delivered under forward contracts, but are almost always delivered under
futures contracts.
c.
There are futures contracts for currencies but no forward contracts for currencies.
d.
Futures contracts don’t have any margin requirements but forward contracts do.
e.
One advantage of forward contracts is that they are default free.
10. A commercial bank recognizes that its net income suffers whenever interest rates increase. Which of
the following strategies would protect the bank against rising interest rates?
a.
Entering into an interest rate swap where the bank receives a fixed payment stream, and in
return agrees to make payments that float with market interest rates.
b.
Purchase principal only (PO) strips that decline in value whenever interest rates rise.
c.
Enter into a short hedge where the bank agrees to sell interest rate futures.
d.
Sell some of the bank’s floating-rate loans and use the proceeds to make fixed-rate loans.
e.
Buying inverse floaters.
11. Company A can issue floating-rate debt at LIBOR + 1% and can issue fixed rate debt at 9%. Company
B can issue floating-rate debt at LIBOR + 1.5% and can issue fixed-rate debt at 9.4%. Suppose A
issues floating-rate debt and B issues fixed-rate debt, after which they engage in the following swap: A
will make a fixed 7.95% payment to B, and B will make a floating-rate payment equal to LIBOR to A.
What are the resulting net payments of A and B?
a.
A pays a fixed rate of 9%, B pays LIBOR + 1.5%.
b.
A pays a fixed rate of 8.95%, B pays LIBOR + 1.45%.
c.
A pays LIBOR plus 1%, B pays a fixed rate of 9.4%.
d.
A pays a fixed rate of 7.95%, B pays LIBOR.
e.
None of the above answers is correct.
12. Suppose the September CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 89’09. What is the
implied annual interest rate inherent in this futures contract?
a.
6.32%
b.
6.65%
c.
7.00%
d.
7.35%
e.
7.72%
13. Suppose the December CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 80’07. What is the
implied annual interest rate inherent in the futures contract?
a.
6.86%
b.
7.22%
c.
7.60%
d.
8.00%
e.
8.40%
14. Suppose the December CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 80’07. If annual
interest rates go up by 1.00 percentage point, what is the gain or loss on the futures contract? (Assume
a $1,000 par value, and round to the nearest whole dollar.)
a.
−$78.00
b.
−$82.00
c.
−$86.00
d.
−$90.00
e.
−$95.00
