Campbell Biology: Concepts and Connections, 8e (Reece et al.)
Chapter 23 Circulation
23.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements regarding circulatory systems is true?
A) The smallest blood vessels in the body are veins.
B) A circulatory system is necessary in any animal whose body is too large or too complex for
vital chemicals to reach all parts of the body by diffusion.
C) Materials are exchanged directly between the blood and body cells.
D) Veins carry blood away from the heart to body organs and tissues.
2) Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?
A) transporting nerve impulses throughout the body
B) governing nutrient concentration in the blood
C) transporting nutrients to body cells
D) mounting a response to invading microorganisms
3) The two basic types of circulatory systems that have evolved over time are
A) flat and circular.
B) open and closed.
C) series and parallel.
D) invertebrate and vertebrate.
4) Which of the following is characteristic of the circulatory system of arthropods?
A) lack of a heart
B) lack of blood
C) lack of blood vessels
D) lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
5) You are dissecting a “mystery animal” in biology lab and discover that it has a series of closed
blood vessels, a pair of lungs, two atria, and a single ventricle. What animal are you dissecting?
A) fish
B) frog
C) crocodile
D) bird
6) Adaptation to terrestrial life involved major evolutionary changes. The change from gill
breathing to lung breathing was accompanied by important changes in the
A) reproductive system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) manufacture of blood cells.
D) association of blood and interstitial fluid.
7) Which of the following animals has a single circuit of blood flow and two heart chambers?
A) salamander
B) salmon
C) snake
D) squirrel
8) Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart?
A) snake
B) crocodile
C) human
D) bird
9) Although birds and mammals descended from different ancestors, they both have a four–
chambered heart. This is the result of
A) the simplification of the cardiovascular system.
B) the necessity for rapid movement of blood.
C) convergent evolution.
D) genetic aberrations that resulted from mistakes in somatic cell division.
10) Which of the following statements about mammalian circulatory systems is false?
A) The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and the lungs.
B) The systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
C) Mammals have two atria and two ventricles in their hearts.
D) The left side of a mammal’s heart sends blood to the lungs.
11) In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before
entering the right atrium.
A) left atrium
B) superior vena cava
C) inferior vena cava
D) aorta
12) In mammals, which of the following vessels transports oxygenated blood from the lung back
to the heart?
A) pulmonary artery
B) pulmonary vein
C) vena cava
D) coronary artery
13) Oxygen-poor blood is carried from the heart of a mammal to the lungs via the
A) pulmonary arteries.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) superior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava.
14) Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the
A) left atrium.
B) right atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.
15) From the left ventricle, oxygen-rich blood flows through the
A) superior vena cava.
B) aorta.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary vein.
16) The largest blood vessel in the human body is the
A) superior vena cava.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) aorta.
D) pulmonary artery.
17) During which phase of the heartbeat does the heart fill with blood?
A) resting phase
B) diastole
C) active phase
D) systole
18) Cardiac output is defined as the volume of blood pumped by a(n) ________ each time it
contracts.
A) heart
B) atrium
C) atrioventricular valve
D) ventricle
19) During ventricular systole, the ________ valves ________.
A) AV; open
B) semilunar; close
C) semilunar; open
D) AV and semilunar; close
20) Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear “lub-dup, lub-dup.” These sounds
are created by
A) muscles in the left ventricle.
B) blood flowing through the aorta.
C) blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber.
D) blood recoiling against the closed valves.
21) The location of the heart’s pacemaker is a specialized region of cardiac muscle called the
A) atrioventricular node.
B) sinoatrial node.
C) Purkinje fibers.
D) left ventricle.
22) The main function of the AV node is to
A) initiate the heartbeat.
B) set the rhythm of the heartbeat.
C) relay the signal for the heart to contract from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
D) relay a signal for the ventricles to contract.
23) Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack,
A) is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart.
B) actually causes no permanent damage to the heart.
C) is unrelated to cigarette smoking.
D) is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.
24) Which of the following is the cause of more than half of all deaths in the United States?
A) cardiovascular disease
B) flu
C) cancer
D) diabetes
25) Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features except
A) the direction of blood flow relative to the heart.
B) the structure of their walls.
C) the amount of oxygen present in the blood.
D) the blood pressure.
26) Which blood vessels have the thinnest walls?
A) arterioles
B) veins
C) venules
D) capillaries
27) In humans, which blood vessels have valves?
A) arteries in the neck
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
28) As blood moves away from the heart toward the tissues, the relative size of blood vessels
________, the blood pressure ________, and the velocity of blood flow ________.
A) decreases; drops; slows
B) decreases; increases; increases
C) decreases; drops; increases
D) increases; drops; slows
29) In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?
A) arteries in the head
B) arterioles in the legs
C) capillaries in the feet
D) veins in the head
30) Which kind of vessel has the lowest blood velocity?
A) artery
B) capillary
C) venule
D) vein
31) Which of the following factors contributes to the flow of blood in veins?
A) skeletal muscle contractions
B) the number of red blood cells in venous blood
C) the diameter of capillaries
D) blood pressure generated by the heart
32) Which of the following statements regarding blood pressure is false?
A) Normal blood pressure for adult humans is usually at or below 120/80.
B) Hypertension is defined as persistent systolic pressure above 120 and/or diastolic above 80.
C) High blood pressure can lead to an enlarged and weakened heart, increased risk of heart
attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
D) The higher number in a blood pressure reading measures the force of a heart contraction.
33) Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure?
A) regular exercise
B) eating a heart-healthy diet
C) smoking
D) maintaining proper weight
34) At any given time, what percentage of the body’s capillaries have blood flowing through
them?
A) 5-10%
B) 20-25%
C) 40-50%
D) 85-90%
35) Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by
A) one-way valves.
B) precapillary sphincters only.
C) smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles only.
D) precapillary sphincters and smooth muscle in the walls of arterioles.
36) What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the
interstitial fluid?
A) artery
B) arteriole
C) capillary
D) venule
37) The diameter of a capillary is about the same as that of
A) a nerve.
B) a red blood cell.
C) an arteriole.
D) a venule.
38) One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by
A) alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries.
B) osmosis.
C) pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall.
D) active transport utilizing ATP.
39) Whether there is a net flow of fluid into or out of a capillary at a given point along its length
depends upon
A) whether the fluid contains nutrients or wastes.
B) whether or not the fluid contains oxygen.
C) the balance between blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
D) the needs of the tissue.
40) The liquid part of blood is called
A) water.
B) plasma.
C) serum.
D) interstitial fluid.
41) Cells make up about what percentage of total blood volume?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 80%
42) Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following activities except
A) fighting infection.
B) maintaining osmotic balance.
C) carrying oxygen.
D) blood clotting.
43) Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is true?
A) The main function of erythrocytes is to carry nutrients.
B) Erythrocytes are shaped like biconcave disks.
C) Each erythrocyte contains about 1 million molecules of hemoglobin.
D) Erythrocytes in adult humans have nuclei.
44) Which of the following cells are phagocytes?
A) monocytes and neutrophils
B) basophils and eosinophils
C) lymphocytes only
D) lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils
45) How long do human red blood cells circulate in the blood before they wear out and have to
be replaced?
A) 1 to 2 weeks
B) 1 month
C) 3 to 4 months
D) 10 to 12 months
46) What is the most common cause of anemia?
A) vitamin deficiency
B) low blood pressure
C) iron deficiency
D) inefficient hemoglobin production
47) An adult human’s red blood cells are formed in the
A) spleen.
B) liver.
C) bone marrow.
D) thoracic cavity.
48) Which of the following can increase red blood cell concentration in a unit of blood?
A) training at low altitudes
B) reducing blood levels of EPO
C) blood doping
D) hydration
49) Blood clots are formed by platelets and the plasma protein
A) thrombin.
B) sealin.
C) hemophilin.
D) fibrinogen.
50) Which of the following statements about blood clotting is true?
A) The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels.
B) During the clotting response, platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid.
C) Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen.
D) Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.
51) Stem cells found in the red marrow inside bones
A) phagocytize bacterial cells.
B) are primarily important in blood clotting.
C) are responsible for an immune response.
D) can differentiate into all blood cells and platelets.
52) Bone marrow stem cells are sometimes used to treat certain blood cell diseases, such as
A) leukemia.
B) anemia.
C) cardiovascular disease.
D) hemophilia.