Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition
Chapter 23: Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects
Test Bank
1. An echocardiogram was performed on a 5-year-old male child. The results indicated
thickened right and left ventricles. Arterial oxygen concentration is normal. What
condition does the boy have?
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Mild aortic insufficiency
C. Patent ductus arteriosus
D. Tricuspid stenosis
E. Mild mitral stenosis
2. The second heart sound is associated with which of the following?
A. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B. Closing of the A-V valves
C. Closing of the pulmonary valve
D. Opening of the A-V valves
E. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole
3. Which of the following heart murmurs is heard during diastole?
A. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. Aortic stenosis
C. Tricuspid valve regurgitation
D. Interventricular septal defect
E. Mitral regurgitation
4. An echocardiogram was performed on a 6-year-old child. The results indicated a
thickened right ventricle. Other data indicated that the patient had severely decreased
arterial oxygen content and equal systolic pressures in both cardiac ventricles. What
condition does the child have?
A. Interventricular septal defect
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Pulmonary valve stenosis
D. Pulmonary valve regurgitation
E. Patent ductus arteriosus
Test Bank
23-2
5. The fourth heart sound is associated with which of the following?
A. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B. Closing of the A-V valves
C. Closing of the pulmonary valve
D. Opening of the A-V valves
E. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole
6. Which of the following heart murmurs is heard only during diastole?
A. Patent ductus arteriosus
B. Aortic stenosis
C. Tricuspid valve stenosis
D. Interventricular septal defect
E. Mitral regurgitation
7. The third heart sound is associated with which of the following?
A. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B. Closing of the A-V valves
C. Closing of the pulmonary valve
D. Opening of the A-V valves
E. In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole
8. Which one of the following heart murmurs is heard during systole?
A. Interventricular septal defect
B. Mitral stenosis
C. Aortic regurgitation
D. Tricuspid stenosis
E. Pulmonary valve regurgitation
9. An increase in left atrial pressure is most likely to occur in which of the following heart
murmurs?
A. Tricuspid stenosis
B. Pulmonary valve regurgitation
C. Mitral regurgitation
D. Tricuspid regurgitation
Test Bank
23-3
10. An 80-year-old male patient at UMC has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. A chest x-
ray shows an enlarged heart but no edema fluid in the lungs. The mean QRS axis of his
EKG is 170. Pulmonary wedge pressure is normal. What is the diagnosis?
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Aortic stenosis
C. Pulmonary valve stenosis
D. Tricuspid stenosis
E. Mitral regurgitation
11. A 50-year-old female patient at UMC has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. A
murmur of relatively low pitch is heard maximally over the second intercostal space to
the right of the sternum. The chest x-ray shows an enlarged heart. The mean QRS axis of
the EKG is -45. The diagnosis is:
A. Mitral valve stenosis
B. Aortic valve stenosis
C. Pulmonary valve stenosis
D. Tricuspid valve stenosis
E. Tricuspid valve regurgitation
12. Which of the following heart murmurs is heard during systole?
A. Aortic valve regurgitation
B. Pulmonary valve regurgitation
C. Tricuspid valve stenosis
D. Mitral valve stenosis
E. Patent ductus arteriosus