Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 8155
82.
Which of the following would cause stagflation?
a.
aggregate demand shifts right
b.
aggregate demand shifts left
c.
aggregate supply shifts right
d.
aggregate supply shifts left
83.
Which of the following would cause stagflation?
a.
rising government expenditures
b.
rising oil prices
c.
a falling money supply
d.
technical progress
8156 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Figure 33–8.
84.
Refer to Figure 33-8. Suppose the economy starts at Z. If changes occur that move the
economy to a new short
run equilibrium of P1 and Y1 , then it must be the case that
a.
short run aggregate supply has decreased.
b.
short run aggregate supply has increased.
c.
aggregate demand has increased.
d.
aggregate demand has decreased.
85.
Refer to Figure 33-8. Suppose the economy starts at Z. If changes occur that move the
economy to a new short
run equilibrium of P3 and Y3 , then it must be the case that
a.
short run aggregate supply has decreased.
b.
short run aggregate supply has increased.
c.
aggregate demand has increased.
d.
aggregate demand has decreased.
86.
Refer to Figure 33–8. Suppose the economy starts at Z. Stagflation would be consistent with the
move to
a.
P1 and Y1 .
b.
P1 and Y3 .
c.
P3 and Y1 .
d.
P3 and Y3 .
8158 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
Figure 33–9.
87.
Refer to Figure 33-9. Suppose the economy starts where LRAS = AD1 = SRAS1. A decrease
in short-run
aggregate supply would be consistent with the movement to
a.
P1, Y1.
b.
P2, Y1.
c.
P1, Y2.
d.
P3, Y2.
Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 8159
Figure 33-10.
88.
Refer to Figure 33-10. If the economy starts at point A, a short-run fall in output would be
consistent with a
movement to point
a.
A.
b.
B.
c.
C.
d.
D.
89.
Refer to Figure 33-10. If the economy starts at point C, stagflation would be consistent with
point
a.
A.
b.
B.
c.
C.
d.
D.
Figure 33-11.
90.
Refer to Figure 33-11. A movement from P1 and Y2, to P2 and Y1 would be consistent with
a.
a decrease in consumption expenditures.
b.
stagflation.
c.
sticky-wages.
d.
an increase in net exports.
91.
Suppose that there is an increase in the costs of production that shifts the short-run aggregate
supply curve left. If
there is no policy response, then eventually
a.
because unemployment is low, wages will be bid up and short-run aggregate supply will shift
right.
b.
because unemployment is low, wages will be bid down and short–run aggregate supply will shift
right.
c.
because unemployment is high, wages will be bid up and short–run aggregate supply will shift
right.
d.
because unemployment is high, wages will be bid down and short–run aggregate supply will
shift right.
92.
Other things the same, an increase in the expected price level shifts
a.
short-run aggregate supply right.
b.
short-run aggregate supply left.
c.
aggregate-demand right.
d.
aggregated-demand left.
93.
The short-run effects of an increase in the expected price level include
a.
a lower level of output and a lower price level.
b.
a lower level of output and a higher price level.
c.
a higher level of output and a lower price level.
d.
a higher level of output and a higher price level.
94.
Which of the following would raise the price level in both the short and long run?
a.
an increase in taxes
b.
an increase in government expenditures
c.
a decrease in the minimum wage
d.
an increase in the capital stock
95.
Which of the following would cause prices to rise and real GDP to fall in the short run?
a.
an increase in the expected price level.
b.
an increase in the capital stock.
c.
an increase in the money supply.
d.
an increase in taxes.
96.
Which of the following will reduce the price level and real output in the short run?
a.
an increase in government purchases.
b.
an decrease in oil prices
c.
a decrease in the money supply
d.
technical progress
97.
Imagine the U.S. economy is in long-run equilibrium. Then suppose the value of the U.S. dollar
decreases. At the
same time, people in the U.S. revise their expectations so that the expected
price level rises. We would expect that
in the short–run
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
98.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is an increase in the supply of labor as
well as an increase
in the money supply, then we would expect that in the short-run,
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
99.
Suppose that the economy is at long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp rise in the stock market
combined with a
significant increase in the minimum wage, then in the short run
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
100.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is an increase in government purchases
at the same time
there is a large increase in the price of oil, then in the short-run
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
101.
Suppose the economy is in long–run equilibrium. Concerns about pollution cause the government
to significantly
restrict the production of electricity. At the same time, taxes fall. In the short-run
a.
real GDP will rise, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall, and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
102.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. Senator A succeeds in getting taxes raised. At
the same time,
Senator B succeeds in getting major restrictions on logging removed. In the short run
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
real GDP will fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same.
103.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp rise in
the stock market, an
increase in government purchases, an increase in the money supply and a
decline in the value of the dollar. In the
short run
a.
the price level and real GDP will both rise.
b.
the price level and real GDP will both fall.
c.
neither the price leave nor real GDP will change.
d.
All of the above are possible.
104.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is an increase in
the money supply, a
tax decrease, a pessimistic revision of expectations about future business
conditions, and a rise in the value of the
dollar. In the short run, we would expect
a.
the price level and real GDP both to rise.
b.
the price level and real GDP both to fall.
c.
the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.
d.
All of the above are possible.
105.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase
in the supply of
labor, a major new discovery of oil, and new environmental regulations that raise
the cost of electricity production.
In the short run
a.
the price level will rise and real GDP will fall.
b.
the price level will fall and real GDP will rise.
c.
the price level and real GDP will both stay the same.
d.
All of the above are possible.
106.
Suppose the economy is in long–run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of
skilled immigrants,
a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in
electricity production. In the short run, we
would expect
a.
the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.
b.
the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.
c.
the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.
d.
All of the above are possible.
107.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp increase in the minimum
wage as well as an
increase in taxes, then in the short run, real GDP will
a.
rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, the price level might
rise, fall, or stay
the same but real GDP will be unaffected.
b.
fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, the price level might
rise, fall, or stay
the same but real GDP will be unaffected.
c.
rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, the price level might
rise, fall, or stay
the same but real GDP will be lower.
d.
fall and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, the price level might
rise, fall, or stay
the same but real GDP will be lower.
108.
Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. If there is a sharp decline in government
purchases combined with
a significant increase in immigration of skilled workers, then in the
short run,
a.
real GDP will rise and the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long-run, real
GDP will rise and
the price level might rise, fall, or stay the same.
b.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long-run, real
GDP and the
price level will be unaffected.
c.
the price level will rise, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, real
GDP will rise
and the price level will fall.
d.
the price level will fall, and real GDP might rise, fall, or stay the same. In the long run, real
GDP will rise and
the price level will fall.
109.
In 1986, OPEC countries increased their production of oil. This caused
a.
the price level to rise.
b.
aggregate supply to shift right.
c.
unemployment to rise.
d.
None of the above is correct.
110.
In the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. This
a.
shifted aggregate supply left, the price level rose, and real GDP fell.
b.
caused U.S. prices to fall, and real GDP rose.
c.
caused an increase in U.S. prices and real GDP.
d.
caused a decrease in U.S. prices and real GDP.
111.
The recessions of the 1970s are often attributed to
a.
declining inflation expectations.
b.
an increase in oil prices.
c.
declines in the price of stock.
d.
decreases in the money supply.
112.
Changes in the price of oil
a.
can only lead to recessions.
b.
have not contributed much to output fluctuations in the United States.
c.
change the economy principally by changing aggregate demand.
d.
created both inflation and recession in the United States in the 1970s.
113.
The recession of 2008–2009 was preceded by
a.
a sharp decline in housing prices.
b.
large losses among financial institutions that owned mortgage-backed securities.
c.
rises in mortgage defaults and home foreclosures.
d.
all of the above
114.
During the 2008–2009 recession real GDP fell by about
a.
2%
b.
4%
c.
6%
d.
8%
115.
During the 2008-2009 unemployment rose from about 4.4% to about
a.
6%
b.
8%
c.
10%
d.
12%
116.
Which of the following affected aggregate demand during the recession of 2008-2009?
a.
a decline in residential construction and a decrease in lending
b.
a decline in residential construction but not a decrease in lending
c.
a decrease in lending but not a decline in residential construction
d.
neither a decrease in residential construction nor a decrease in lending
117.
Which of the following did the Fed do during the recession of 2008-2009?
a.
lowered the federal funds rate and sold securities and loans
b.
lowered the federal funds rate and purchased securities and loans
c.
raised the federal funds rate and sold securities and loans
d.
raised the federal funds rate and purchased securities and loans
118.
Which of the following correctly describes actions of the U.S. government during the recession
of 2008-2009?
a.
It refused to provide banks funding and made no significant changes in government spending.
b.
It refused to provide banks funding but made a large increase in government spending.
c.
It became part owner of some banks but made no significant change in government spending
d.
It became part owner of some banks and made a large increase in government spending.
119.
If a central bank is independent,
a.
it has the ability to alter taxes.
b.
it allocates savings to firms.
c.
it restricts trade to increase domestic employment.
d.
it operations are not controlled by the political process.