Figure 23.3
Using Figure 23.3, match the following:
104)
Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self–digestion.
104)
105)
Cells of the stomach that secrete HCl are ________ cells.
105)
Figure 23.1
Using Figure 23.1, match the following:
106)
Serosa.
106)
107)
Identify three ways the small intestine is modified to increase the surface area for digestion
and absorption.
107)
108)
Name two regions of the digestive tract where mechanical food breakdown processes are
very important. Name two organs that are primarily food conduits. Name the organ where
protein digestion is begun. Name the organ where fat digestion begins.
108)
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.
109)
The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress–relaxation response is termed
plasticity.
109)
110)
Gastric accommodation is an example of smooth muscle plasticity.
110)
111)
Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the
parietal cells.
111)
112)
Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.
112)
113)
The submucosal nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI
motility.
113)
114)
The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.
114)
115)
The relatively unchanging pressure in a filling stomach is due to the contraction of the stomach
oblique muscle layer.
115)
116)
The stomach’s contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.
116)
117)
The only essential function of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.
117)
118)
Peyer’s patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.
118)
119)
The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.
119)
120)
The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.
120)
121)
When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx.
121)
122)
The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food.
122)
123)
The pharyngeal–esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the
swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.
123)
124)
Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by myxovirus.
124)
125)
All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine
are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the
mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.
125)
126)
Another term for swallowing is deglutition.
126)
127)
Stellate macrophages are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and
worn–out cells.
127)
128)
Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.
128)
129)
Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach.
The reason for this is the presence of HCl.
129)
130)
Dentin anchors the tooth in place.
130)
131)
The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.
131)
132)
The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather
than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
132)
133)
The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.
133)
134)
Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid.
134)
135)
Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a
phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.
135)
136)
The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal
mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.
136)
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
137)
Increases output of pancreatic juice
rich in bicarbonate ions.
A)
Secretin
137)
Match the following:
138)
Enzymatic breakdown of any type of
food molecule.
139)
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions
that move foodstuffs through the
alimentary tube.
140)
Chemical or mechanical process of
breaking down foodstuffs into simpler
units.
A)
Digestion
C)
Peristalsis
138)
139)
140)
Match the following:
141)
Stimulates insulin release and mildly
inhibits HCl production.
Cholecystokinin
142)
Increases output of enzymatic–rich
pancreatic juice.
A)
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
141)
142)
Match the following:
143)
Process by which simpler chemical
units pass through the lumen of the
gastrointestinal tract into the blood or
lymph.
A)
Absorption
143)
Match the following:
144)
Increases HCl secretion and stimulates
contraction of intestinal muscle.
A)
Gastrin
144)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
145)
A patient has esophageal cancer and must have a feeding tube inserted. The nurse tells the patient that the tube
will be inserted surgically into the duodenum. The patient’s wife asks why the tube will not be inserted into the
stomach. What should the nurse say?
146)
A woman is brought to an emergency room complaining of severe pain in her left iliac region. She claims
previous episodes and says that the condition is worse when she is constipated, and is relieved by defecation. A
large, tender mass is palpated in the left iliac fossa and a barium study reveals a large number of diverticula in
her descending and sigmoid colon. What are diverticula, and what is believed to promote their formation? Does
this woman have diverticulitis or diverticulosis? Explain.
147)
A patient is 67 years old and has had a hiatal hernia for three years. In the last year, she has complained of
worsening heartburn, especially at night. What are the characteristic symptoms of a hiatal hernia and which of
these symptoms did the patient have?
148)
A 45–year–old patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver. He is thin and
malnourished. His abdomen is very large due to an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. His lower
extremities are very swollen. Explain why these changes have occurred.
149)
Sami has been hospitalized with acute gastritis. Her symptoms were epigastric pressure (just above the
stomach), headache, nausea, and vomiting with traces of old dark blood. She revealed that she had been
suffering back pain and drank four shots of gin and took three aspirin to “kill the pain.” What led the physician
to make this diagnosis, and what may have caused the sudden attack?
150)
Mrs. Wong goes to the emergency room with the following symptoms: severe pain in the umbilical region, loss
of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. While she was waiting to see a doctor, the pain moved to the lower right
abdominal quadrant. What is the likely diagnosis and treatment?
151)
A patient was admitted to the hospital because of severe epigastric pain. He has noted that his stools were
darker than the usual brown color. He appears pale and very anxious. The history reports that he drinks 2–3
beers per day and smokes 2 packs of cigarettes a day. Based on the assessment data, what condition might the
nurse determine this patient has? Explain why.
152)
A 45–year–old patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cirrhosis of the liver. The nurse is
observing him closely for the possibility of gastrointestinal bleeding. Why is this considered a possible
complication?
153)
Jose is brought to the emergency room complaining of a burning sensation in his chest, increased salivation, and
difficulty in swallowing. He is having difficulty breathing and feels the presence of a “lump in his throat.” The
diagnosis is gastroesophageal reflux disease. Explain.
Answer Key
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Answer Key
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Answer Key
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Answer Key
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Answer Key
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