E)
a chain of nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds
122. The structures of proteins are partially determined by the order of various amino acids in the
macromolecule. This level of structural determination is known as
A)
primary structure
B)
secondary structure
C)
tertiary structure
D)
quaternary structure
E)
order of bases
123. The analysis of a protein for its amino acid content is valuable in determining the protein’s
A)
tertiary structure
B)
secondary structure
C)
quaternary structure
D)
primary structure
E)
main structure
124. The primary structure of a protein chain is
A)
the order of amino acids
B)
the arrangement of the chain in the long molecule
C)
the overall shape of the protein
D)
determined by the types of bonds it contains
E)
determined by the side chains
125. How many possible sequences can be made for a polypeptide with five different amino
acids?
A)
5
B)
25
C)
32
D)
120
E)
none of these
126. Hydrogen bonding between C=O groups and NH groups in the backbone of a protein
determines the
A)
primary structure
B)
secondary structure
C)
tertiary structure
D)
quaternary structure
E)
all of these
127. The alpha helix of a protein is held in a coiled conformation partly because of
A)
hydrogen bonding
B)
optical activity
C)
active sites
D)
double bonding
E)
ionization energies
128. A pleated sheet arrangement of proteins
A)
is found in muscle fibers
B)
contains interchain hydrogen bonds
C)
is found in silk fibers
D)
results when hydrogen bonds occur between protein chains
E)
all of these
129. An example of a secondary structure of a protein is
A)
an alpha amino acid
B)
a peptide linkage
C)
a pleated sheet
D)
serine
E)
none of these
130. In order to give someone a “permanent” (permanent waving of hair), these must be broken
and reformed.
A)
disulfide linkages
B)
pleated sheets
C)
alpha helices
D)
alpha amino acids
E)
globular proteins
131. The overall shape of a protein is maintained by
A)
hydrogen bonding
B)
ionic bonds
C)
dipole-dipole bonding
D)
covalent bonds
E)
all of these
132. Which statement (A–D) is false with respect to proteins?
A)
Primary structure refers to the sequence of nucleotides.
B)
Secondary structure includes -helixes.
C)
Tertiary structure includes disulfide bonds.
D)
The overall shape of a protein is related to the tertiary structure.
E)
All are false.
133. The secondary and tertiary structures of most biomolecules are determined by
A)
hydrophobic bonding
B)
hydrogen bonding
C)
salt bridges
D)
disulfide bonds
E)
all of these
134. When heat is added to proteins, the hydrogen bonding in the secondary structure breaks
apart. What are the algebraic signs of H and S for the denaturation process?
A)
Both H and S are positive.
B)
Both H and S are negative.
C)
H is positive and S is negative.
D)
H is negative and S is positive.
E)
H is positive and S is 0.
135. The process of breaking down the three-dimensional structure of a protein is called
A)
degradation
B)
denaturation
C)
decomposition
D)
fission
E)
none of these
136. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
A)
Sucrose.
B)
Glucose.
C)
Fructose.
D)
Galactose.
E)
All of these are monosaccharides.
137. The following represents the structure of a carbohydrate. Which of the choices would more
specifically classify this compound?
A)
Hexose and ketose
B)
Pentose and aldose
C)
Hexose and aldose
D)
Pentose and ketose
E)
Tetrose and aldose
138. Which of the following would be the correct classification of the carbohydrate shown
below?
A)
monosaccharide
B)
disaccharide
C)
polysaccharide
D)
starch
E)
cellulose
139. The monomers that make up a starch molecule are:
I.
optically active
II.
not optically active
III.
aldehydes
IV.
ketones
and the polymer itself is formed primarily by:
V.
addition.
VI.
condensation.
A)
I, III, V
B)
II, IV, VI
C)
I, III, VI
D)
II, IV, V
E)
I, IV, VI
140. Table sugar is a disaccharide formed from
A)
alpha-D-glucose and fructose
B)
beta-D-glucose and fructose
C)
D-galactose and D-ribose
D)
D-galactose and fructose
E)
none of these
141. All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true except which one?
A)
They serve as a food source for most organisms.
B)
They are used as a structural material for plants.
C)
Many have the empirical formula CH2O.
D)
Starch and cellulose are two important carbohydrates made of monosaccharides.
E)
Fructose, a sugar found in fruit, has five carbon atoms.
142. Which of the following pairs is incorrect?
A)
sucrose – disaccharide
B)
starch – polysaccharide
C)
glycogen – disaccharide
D)
cellulose – polysaccharide
E)
fructose – monosaccharide
143. What carbohydrate is the form in which plants store glucose for future use as cellular fuel?
A)
starch
B)
cellulose
C)
glycogen
D)
sucrose
E)
fructose
144. Which of the following is a carbohydrate reservoir for animals?
A)
starch
B)
cellulose
C)
glycogen
D)
two of these
E)
none of these
145. What carbohydrate breaks down rapidly when energy is needed?
A)
starch
B)
cellulose
C)
glycogen
D)
sucrose
E)
fructose
146. Which of the following can be found both in DNA and RNA?
A)
ribose
B)
deoxyribose
C)
uracil
D)
phosphate
E)
thymine
147. What does a nucleotide contain?
A)
a sugar and a phosphate only
B)
a sugar, a phosphate, and an organic base
C)
amino acids
D)
a sugar
E)
four organic bases
148. Protein synthesis in a human occurs
A)
in the nucleus
B)
on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C)
on the cell membranes
D)
by reading pairs of tRNA nucleotides called codons
E)
none of these
149. Which of the following is (are) not necessary for protein synthesis at the time and place
where synthesis occurs?
A)
amino acids
B)
mRNA
C)
DNA
D)
tRNA
E)
ribosomes
150. The complimentary nucleic acid sequence for the following DNA sequence—GAC TAC
GTT AGC—is
A)
GAC TAC GTT AGC
B)
TCA GCA TGG CTA
C)
CGA TTG CAT CAG
D)
CTG ATG CAA TCG
E)
none of these
151. The complimentary nucleic acid sequence for the following DNA sequence—ATG GAC
GTA TTC—is
A)
ATG GAC GTA TTC
B)
TAC CTG CAT AAG
C)
CGT TCA TGC GGA
D)
CTT ATG CAG GTA
E)
none of these
152. The complimentary nucleic acid sequence for the following DNA sequence—CTG ACT
TAC GCT—is
A)
AGT CAG GCA TAG
B)
CTG ACT TAC GCT
C)
GAC TGA ATG CGA
D)
TCG CAT TCA GTC
E)
none of these
153. Which of the following organic bases is not found in RNA?
A)
adenine
B)
guanine
C)
cytosine
D)
thymine
E)
uracil
154. What type of bonding occurs between two consecutive nucleotides in RNA?
A)
ester
B)
amide
C)
hydrogen
D)
ionic
E)
hydrophobic
155. Which of the following has the smallest molar mass?
A)
mRNA
B)
dRNA
C)
rRNA
D)
sRNA
E)
tRNA
156. An anticodon
A)
is part of tRNA
B)
complements the codon on mRNA
C)
codes for a specific amino acid
D)
is a sequence of three bases
E)
all of the above
157. Which of the following statements is correct?
A)
No one has ever made a polymer using amide bonds.
B)
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides joined together with amide bonds.
C)
The primary structure of DNA is determined by the order of amino acids.
D)
All of the above (A-C) statements are true.
E)
None of these.
158. Which statement is true?
A)
Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.
B)
Each gene in the DNA molecule codes for a specific protein.
C)
Messenger RNA can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each cell.
D)
When a peptide bond is formed, H2O is produced.
E)
All of these.
159. Indicate the total number of isomers in the following compound: C4H10
160. Draw the isomers for C4H10.
Write molecular equations for the following reactions:
161. halogenation of ethane
162. methyl substitution of benzene
163. formation of propyl propanoate
164. hydration of 2-butene
165. Draw and name the missing reactant below.
? + Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl
166. Draw and name the missing product below.
167. Draw and name the two possible missing products below.
acid catalyst
?