Chapter 22 1 List the name of powdered form of carbon

Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2e (Tro)

Chapter 22 Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Silicon atoms are too large to form pi bonds between them.

B) Silicates are covalent atomic solids that contain silicon and oxygen.

C) Silicon is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.

D) Silicon is one of the strongest oxidizing agents.

E) All of the above are true.

2) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) All silicates are composed of SiO4 tetrahedra that bond together through an oxygen to form single

chains.

B) The fibrous nature of asbestos comes from its silicate sheet structure.

C) In some silicates, ionic bonding between a metal ion and an SixOyz- ion is what holds the structure

together.

D) The flakiness of mica comes from its single silicate chain structure.

E) None of the above are true.

3) Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one third of the silicons are replaced by an

aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by potassium ions.

A) K2(AlO2)(SiO2)2

B) K(AlO2)(SiO2)

C) K(AlO2)2(SiO2)2

D) K(AlO2)(SiO2)2

E) K2(AlO2)2(SiO2)2

4) Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one fourth of the silicons are replaced by an

aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by sodium ions.

A) Na2(AlO2)2(SiO2)

B) Na2(AlO2)2(SiO2)3

C) Na(AlO2)2(SiO2)

D) Na2(AlO2)2(SiO2)2

E) Na(AlO2)(SiO2)3

5) Determine the formula for an aluminosilicate where one half of the silicons are replaced by an

aluminum atom. The charge is balanced by magnesium ions.

A) Mg(AlO2)2(SiO2)2

B) Mg2(AlO2)2(SiO2)2

C) Mg2(AlO2)2(SiO2)

D) Mg2(AlO2)(SiO2)2

E) Mg(AlO2)(SiO2)2

6) Give the shape of a boron trihalide.

A) trigonal planar

B) tetrahedral

C) linear

D) trigonal pyramidal

E) bent

7) Give the bond angle of a boron trihalide.

A) 60°

B) 45°

C) 120°

D) 109.5°

E) 105°

8) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Boron is a large component of Earth’s crust.

B) Boron is usually found in its elemental state in the Earth’s crust.

C) Due to borons small size and low electronegativity, it behaves as a semimetal instead of a metal.

D) Boron atoms don’t typically bond to one another due to its small atomic radius.

E) There are at least 5 allotropes of elemental boron.

9) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Boron oxide, when added to silicon oxide glass, forms a more heat stable glass called Pyrex.

B) Boron most commonly forms compounds that fulfill the octet rule.

C) Boron forms fairly weak bonds with oxygen, due to their large electronegativity difference.

D) Boron trichloride is an example of a strong Lewis base.

E) None of the above are TRUE.

10) Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B7H72-.

A) vertices = 4, faces = 10

B) vertices = 7, faces = 14

C) vertices = 3, faces = 6

D) vertices = 14, faces = 24

E) vertices = 7, faces = 10

11) Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B10H102-.

A) vertices = 10, faces = 16

B) vertices = 5, faces = 6

C) vertices = 5, faces = 10

D) vertices = 10, faces = 20

E) vertices = 20, faces = 36

12) Determine the number of vertices and faces in the closo-Borane B12H122-.

A) vertices = 12, faces = 24

B) vertices = 12, faces = 20

C) vertices = 8, faces = 16

D) vertices = 6, faces = 8

E) vertices = 8, faces = 12

13) What is the major detraction from using bituminous coal as an energy source?

A) It has a very low carbon content.

B) It contains a high amount of sulfur, which when burned contributes to acid rain.

C) It has an extremely high surface area which makes it difficult to burn.

D) Bituminous coal is noncrystalline, which gives it a low energy/gram ratio.

E) There are no detractions from using bituminous coal.

14) List the name of powdered form of carbon, which is a component of soot.

A) diamond

B) graphite

C) fullerenes

D) bucky balls

E) carbon black

15) Identify the form of carbon that is a good lubricant.

A) nanotube

B) buckyball

C) graphite

D) diamond

E) fullerene

16) Identify the form of carbon that is used commercially for bike frames and golf clubs.

A) nanotube

B) buckyball

C) graphite

D) diamond

E) fullerene

17) Identify the form of carbon that is used commercially for cutting tools and for gems.

A) nanotube

B) buckyball

C) graphite

D) diamond

E) fullerene

18) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Sheets of graphitic carbon bond strongly to one another.

B) The graphite form of carbon is more dense than diamond.

C) Carbon atoms sometimes cluster together into substances called fullerenes.

D) The diamond form of carbon conducts electricity.

E) None of the above are true.

19) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Ionic carbides form between carbon and another high electronegativity element.

B) Carbides are soft materials with low melting points.

C) Metallic carbides are more malleable than the pure metal.

D) Covalent carbides are formed between carbon and a low electronegativity nonmetal.

E) None of the above are true.

20) Determine the oxidation state of carbon in the ionic carbide, CaC2.

A) -2

B) +4

C) -1

D) +1

E) -4

21) Determine the oxidation state of carbon in the carbonate ion, CO32-.

A) +2

B) +4

C) +3

D) +6

E) +8

22) Determine the oxidation state of carbon in the carbon monoxide, CO.

A) +2

B) +4

C) +3

D) +6

E) +8

23) Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in NO2⁻.

A) -1

B) -2

C) +5

D)

E) +3

24) Identify an example of a nitrate.

A) NaN3

B) NaNO2

C) NaNO3

D) NO2

E) NO

25) Determine the oxidation state of phosphorus in P2O74⁻.

A) +5

B) +4

C) +3

D) +7

E) +2

26) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Ammonium nitrate is a good explosive.

B) Sodium nitrite is used as a meat preservative.

C) NO2 reacts with water to form nitric acid.

D) Hydrazine is a good reducing agent.

E) All of the above are true.

27) Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Phosphoric acid is used to produce the “fizziness” in soda.

B) Sodium phosphate is an additive in baked goods to give them a longer shelf life.

C) Phosphorus can range in oxidation state from -3 to +5.

D) The phosphorus in the phosphite ion has an oxidation state of – 3

E) None of the above are true.

28) Tetraphosphorus decoxide reacts with water to produce phosphoric acid. Write a balanced reaction

for this process.

A) P4O10 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO4

B) P2O5 + 3 H2O → 2 H3PO3

C) P4 + 3 O2 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO4

D) P4O10 + 4 H2O → 4 H2PO3

E) P4 + 3 O2 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3

29) Identify the oxygen compound that kills bacteria and is used as a disinfectant.

A) O3

B) O2

C) SO2

D) SO3

E) NO2

30) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Water and H2S have the same bond angles.

B) Hydrofluoric acid is a strong reducing agent.

C) Sulfur is a stronger oxidizing agent than oxygen.

D) Water is less stable than H2S.

E) Sulfuric acid is a strong oxidizing agent.

31) Identify the compound that smells like a rotten egg.

A) SO2

B) H2SO3

C) H2SO4

D) S4

E) H2S

32) Identify the compound that is formed by volcanos and is a coal pollutant.

A) SO2

B) H2SO3

C) H2SO4

D) S4

E) H2S

33) Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in S2O32-.

A) +3

B) +6

C) +2

D) +4

E) 0

34) Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in SO2.

A) +3

B) +6

C) +2

D) +4

E) 0

35) Write the balanced equation that represents the formation of hydrofluoric acid from the reaction of

calcium fluoride with sulfuric acid.

A) CaF2 + H2S → CaS + 2 HF

B) CF4 + 2 H2S → 4 HF + CS2

C) CF4 + 2 H2SO4 → 4 HF + CS2 + CO2

D) CaF2 + H2SO4 → 2 HF + CaSO4

E) CaF2 + H2SO3 → CaSO3 + 2 HF

Algorithmic Questions

1) Which of the following are MAJOR components of Earth’s crust?

A) oxygen and silicon

B) calcium and silicon

C) oxygen and hydrogen

D) oxygen, magnesium and carbon

E) oxygen, hydrogen and carbon

2) Give the formula of the compound that is in common glass.

A) SiO2

B) Si2O3

C) SiO3

D) Si2O8

E) SiO4

3) Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the phyllosilicate

Zn3(Si2O5)2(OH)x.

A) 6

B) 4

C) 3

D) 1

E) 2

4) Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the pyroxene Srx(SiO3)2.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 4

D) 6

E) 3

5) Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the pyrosilicate BaxSi2O7.

A) 1

B) 3

C) 6

D) 4

E) 2

6) Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the orthosilicate BaxSiO4.

A) 3

B) 1

C) 2

D) 4

E) 6

7) Refer to the above table. Use charge balance to determine the value of x in the amphibole

Ca2(OH)2Znx(Si4O11)2.

A) 1

B) 4

C) 2

D) 5

E) 3

8) Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for ZnBa2(Si2O7).

A) orthosilicate

B) pyrosilicate

C) pyroxene

D) amphibole

E) phyllosilicate

9) Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for CaZn(SiO4).

A) pyrosilicate

B) amphibole

C) orthosilicate

D) phyllosilicate

E) pyroxene

10) Refer to the above table. Predict the silicate structure for NaAl(SiO3)2.

A) phyllosilicate

B) orthosilicate

C) amphibole

D) pyroxene

E) pyrosilicate

11) Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in KN3.

A) +1

B) +3

C) -2

D) –

E) -3

12) Determine the oxidation state of nitrogen in NO3⁻.

A) -1

B) -6

C) +2

D) +4

E) +5

13) Identify an example of a nitrite.

A) NaNO2

B) NO

C) N2O

D) LiNO3

E) NO3

14) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in K2O2?

A) -4

B) +4

C) -3

D) -1

E) +1

15) What is the oxidation number of oxygen in K2O?

A) -4

B) +4

C) -2

D) -3

E) +1

16) Determine the oxidation state of bromine in BrO⁻.

A) 0

B) +1

C) -3

D) -1

E) +2

Matching Questions

Match the following.

A) SiO44-

B) Si4O116-

C) Si2O76-

D) Si2O52-

E) SiO32-

1) orthosilicate

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22.3

2) pyroxene

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22.3

3) pyrosilicate

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22.3

4) amphibole

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22.3

5) phyllosilicate

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 22.3

Short Answer Questions

1) Why are phosphate compounds added to detergents?

2) Why are the chemical properties of nitrogen and phosphorus so different when they are in the same

family?

3) Describe the major production method for obtaining oxygen.

4) Describe the Frasch process for obtaining sulfur.

5) Draw the Lewis structure for IF4⁻ and determine the geometry of the ion.

6) Write the balanced reaction that shows the formation of ICl3 from its elements.