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61) When taken by pregnant women, ________ decreases the chance of neural tube defects in
infants.
A) folic acid
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin K
D) calcium
62) Xerostomia is the scientific name for “dry mouth.” Dry mouth can be a medical concern
because chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems as well as problems tasting, chewing, and
swallowing. Dry mouth is likely due to an inadequate production of ________.
A) saliva
B) chyme
C) amylase
D) bile
63) Which of the following diseases is associated with obesity?
A) chicken pox
B) multiple sclerosis
C) cardiovascular disease
D) rheumatoid arthritis
64) Which of the following is a hormone produced by adipose cells that helps to control
appetite?
A) insulin
B) bile
C) gastrin
D) leptin
65) Which of the following is widely regarded as a healthy approach to losing weight?
A) gastric bypass surgery
B) regularly engaging in exercise in addition to monitoring food intake
C) substituting fatty acids for carbohydrates
D) trimming daily carbohydrates back to less than 80 grams per day
66) Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?
A) high levels of HDL
B) high levels of LDL
C) high consumption of trans fats
D) high consumption of dietary cholesterol
67) To reduce the risk of cancer, it has been suggested that a diet high in ________ is beneficial.
A) vitamin E
B) bacon
C) red meat
D) antioxidants
68) Enzymes are required to help digest the four large macromolecules found in the foods we
eat. Which of the following is not a true representation of the enzymes that digest these
macromolecules?
A) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylase to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed
by maltase to form monosaccharides.
B) Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by nucleases to maltose, which is then hydrolyzed by lipase
to form monosaccharides.
C) Polypeptides are hydrolyzed by trypsin to small polypeptides, which are then hydrolyzed by
peptidases to form amino acids.
D) Fat globules are hydrolyzed by bile salt fat droplets, which are then hydrolyzed by lipase to
form fatty acids and glycerol.
69) Scientists have studied the effects of television watching on the metabolic rate of children
and its potential implications for childhood obesity. In a study of 15 obese children and 16
normal weight children, it was found that the metabolic rate of all children significantly
decreased while watching television compared to their metabolic rate when they were at normal
rest. The drop was greater for obese children, but the difference in drops between the two groups
of children was not statistically significant. What is a reasonable conclusion to draw from this
study?
A) Television watching does not affect childhood obesity.
B) Television watching is an activity that should be carefully considered when studying factors
that may affect adult obesity.
C) Television watching contributes more to childhood obesity than the overconsumption of
sugary foods.
D) Television watching is an activity that should be carefully considered when studying factors
that may affect childhood obesity.
70) Pica is a disorder that is characterized by a desire to consume dirt or clay, both of which
contain iron. Pica can be associated with an iron deficiency that may cause
A) muscle cramps.
B) tooth decay.
C) anemia.
D) paralysis.
71) Metabolic activities that involve “burning” carbohydrates release energy. When our bodies
“burn” carbohydrates, what are we doing?
A) transferring some energy from the carbohydrate molecule to other molecules and releasing
lower energy food molecules into the alimentary canal
B) breaking down food molecules into smaller molecules such as simple sugars that have more
energy than the original food molecule and can be used in the cell more easily
C) transferring energy from the bonds in food molecules to molecules that make that energy
more readily available (like ATP) and releasing simple low-energy molecules (like CO2 and
H2O) to the environment
D) breaking down carbohydrate molecules to smaller components that are then used to build
larger molecules that the body needs
72) Why would a person not get vitamin A from a salad filled with leafy green vegetables unless
the salad also has nuts, cheese, or meat?
A) because vitamin A is fat-soluble
B) because vitamin A is only found in meat
C) because vitamin A is water-soluble
D) because vitamin A is needed to maintain osmotic balance of human cells
21.2 Art Questions
1) Which of these teeth is an incisor?
A) tooth A
B) tooth B
C) tooth C
D) tooth D
2) Which arrow shows the release of digestive enzymes by the pancreas?
A) arrow A
B) arrow B
C) arrow C
D) arrow D
22
3) According to the figure above, which amino acid is found in corn but not in beans?
A) methionine
B) valine
C) threonine
D) lysine
4) Refer to the figure above. As an adult, if you had to choose only one of these two foods (corn
or beans) to provide you with essential amino acids, which would you choose?
A) corn, because it provides more essential amino acids than beans
B) beans, because they provide more essential amino acids than corn
C) Both are choices of the same value because they provide histidine.
D) corn, because it grows more successfully than beans
Based on the figure below, answer the questions that follow.
5) A person who is 5′ 7″ and weighs 170 pounds would be considered
A) normal.
B) overweight.
C) obese.
D) extremely obese.
6) A normal BMI (body mass index) for a person who is 6′ 1″ and weighs 150 pounds would be
A) approximately 18.5-20.
B) approximately 23-24.
C) approximately 17.5-18.5.
D) approximately 25-26.
21.3 Scenario Questions
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Fred is a 24-year-old college student whose father was just diagnosed with cardiovascular
disease. Since he knows that these problems often run in families, Fred has asked his doctor to
recommend a plan so that he can minimize his risk of developing similar problems. The
following are a few of the doctor’s recommendations: quit smoking, exercise for at least 30
minutes per day, reduce saturated fats and trans fats in his diet, and increase the number of fruits
and vegetables in his diet.
1) Which of the following would match his doctor’s recommendations?
A) Eat fewer foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
B) Eat fewer foods that contain antioxidants.
C) Avoid cooking with olive oil.
D) Switch to a low-carb diet.
2) Fred explained to his family how the doctor’s advice would help prevent cardiovascular
disease, but he made a mistake in his explanation. Which of the following statements is false?
A) A diet high in saturated fats is associated with a higher risk of heart disease.
B) A diet high in saturated fats tends to increase LDL levels.
C) Exercise increases the body’s production of LDL.
D) Smoking will increase the body’s production of LDL.
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to
unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age
children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database,
2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the data table below and answer the questions that follow.
3) Which of the following sub-regions has shown the least variation in estimated prevalence (%)
of underweight preschool children from the year 1990 to the year 2015?
A) Eastern Asia
B) Caribbean
C) Northern Africa
D) Southern Africa
4) Which of the following regions has the greatest total percent decrease in estimated prevalence
(%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015?
A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Latin America and Caribbean
D) Oceania
5) Africa and the Latin America and Caribbean regions show a similar overall drop in estimated
prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015: 5.9% and 4.8%,
respectively. In the year 2011, the population of Africa was close to 1 billion, while the
population of the Latin America and Caribbean regions was closer to 500 million. Based on this
population data, which of these two regions’ drop in percentage is more dramatic, and why?
A) Africa, because it has more a higher number of sub-regions
B) Since the two drop averages are so similar over the same time period, they are equally
significant.
C) Africa, because it started at a much higher % rate than the Latin America and Caribbean
regions
D) Africa, because approximately two times as many individuals were removed from the
malnourished designation
6) The data for the developed countries category indicate that developed countries (e.g., the
United States) have the lowest estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from
1990 to 2015. However, what is concerning about these data?
A) There is little variation in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from
1990 to 2015.
B) These are the only data provided that show an increase in estimated prevalence (%) of
underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015.
C) The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children is very similar in year 1995
and year 2000.
D) The estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from 1990 to 2015 is only
slightly below the data for the Caribbean region.
After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Offering nutritious lunches in public schools is a popular health topic. School lunches have had
to meet new nutrition standards since the fall of 2012. In 2013, the USDA (United States
Department of Agriculture) reviewed data from the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary
Assessment to investigate whether students in schools that were already following the new
standards (school group A) and that therefore offered more fruits and vegetables than other
schools (school group B) actually ate more of them.
You will be presented with some of the overall findings of the review and will then be asked
questions related to these conclusions.
7) Finding #1: If schools offered greater amounts of fruits and vegetables, then more students ate
them. However, many students in both schools did not did not eat any fruits and vegetables. This
suggests that
A) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but
simply offering more may not be the only solution to bettering child lunch nutrition.
B) a lower amount of fruits and vegetables should be offered to students in both school group A
and school group B.
C) offering more fruits and vegetables decreases the chances that students in school group B will
eat them but increases the chances that students in school group A will eat them.
D) offering more fruits and vegetables increases the chances that students will eat them, but only
if they have all essential vitamins and minerals.
8) Finding #2: An unexpected finding was that if students came from economically poor homes
or homes that did not have adequate food, they did not have greater fruit and vegetable
consumption in school. What hypothesis were the researchers likely testing that produced this
finding?
A) Students who come from families with high incomes are more likely to eat greater amounts of
fruits and vegetables than students from families with low incomes.
B) Students who come from families with adequate access to fruits and vegetables are more
likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with low access to fruits
and vegetables.
C) Students who have families with their own gardens will be less likely to eat greater amounts
of fruits and vegetables.
D) Students who lack a high family income or who have low access to fruits and vegetables are
more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with a moderate
income or who have adequate access to fruits and vegetables.
9) Finding #3: Of all of the schools surveyed in 2005:
75% offered lunches that met new weekly standards for amounts of dark, green leafy vegetables
85% offered lunches that met new weekly standards for amounts for red/orange vegetables
21% offered lunches that met new weekly standards for legumes
97% offered lunches that met new weekly standards for amounts for “other” vegetables
This suggests that
A) a majority of schools are offering adequate servings of grains.
B) only 15% of schools need to serve more green vegetables.
C) a majority of schools need to serve more legumes in their lunches.
D) about 25% of schools need to serve more citrus fruits.
Consider the following food label and then answer the questions that follow.
Krispy Krackers — 100-Calorie Pouches
You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward
losing weight. You don’t feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a
dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy
your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label above for 100-calorie
pouches of Krispy Krackers.
10) In weighing the benefits of eating one serving of this item, you conclude that
A) it contributes to the recommended amount of dietary fiber.
B) it contributes to the recommended amount of iron.
C) it contributes to the recommended amount of calcium.
D) it contributes to the recommended amount of vitamin C.
11) What percentage of the daily value of water-soluble vitamins is provided by this package of
cookies?
A) 0%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) 4%
12) What percentage of the daily value of fat-soluble vitamins is provided by this package of
cookies?
A) 0%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) 4%
13) According to the Krispy Kracker label, which of the following contains the highest
percentage of nutrients needed for human diets?
A) calcium
B) iron
C) sodium
D) cholesterol