Chapter 21 2 Ammonia is the conjugate acid of the strongly basic nitride

64. Which of the following reactions does not represent a commercial method for preparing

hydrogen gas?

A)

C3H8(g) + 3H2O(g) → 3CO(g) + 7H2(g)

B)

C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)

C)

2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)

D)

2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

E)

CO(g) + H2O(g) → CO2(g) + H2(g)

65. The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is the reaction of methane and water at high

temperatures (800–1000°C) and high pressures (10–15 atm) with nickel as a catalyst.

If 150.0 g of CH4 and 150.0 g of H2O are reacted at 915°C and 11.0 atm, how much

hydrogen should be available for industrial use?

A)

171 L

B)

1330 L

C)

249 L

D)

25.0 L

E)

222 L

66. A sample of pure deuterium oxide, D2O, is mixed with a sample of pure water, H2O. After a

period of time, the mixture will be

A)

mostly H2O.

B)

mostly D3O+.

C)

mostly D2O.

D)

an equilibrium mixture of D2O, H2O, and DOH.

E)

mostly OD–.

67. What is the general formula for an alkali metal hydride? (M = metal)

A)

MH

B)

M(OH)2

C)

MH2

D)

MH3

E)

MOH

68. Which of the following reactions describes the formation of an ionic hydride?

A)

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

B)

H2(g) + Br2() → 2HBr(g)

C)

2Li(s) + H2(g) → 2LiH(s)

D)

H2(g) + C2H4(g) → C2H6(g)

E)

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

69. Which of the following reactions describes the formation of a covalent hydride?

A)

2Rb(s) + H2(g) → 2RbH(s)

B)

2Li(s) + H2(g) → 2LiH(s)

C)

Mg(s) + H2(g) → MgH2(s)

D)

(s) + 6H2(g) → (g)

E)

2Al(s) + 3H2(g) → 2AlH3(s)

70. Catenation is

A)

the ability of a compound to form more than one type of unit-cell structure.

B)

the transformation of minerals to gems.

C)

the formation of more than one type of cation, such as Fe2+ and Fe3+.

D)

the covalent bonding of two or more atoms of the same element to one another.

E)

the ability of an element to form more than one oxide.

71. Which property of carbon distinguishes it from the other elements in its group?

A)

the existence of more than one allotrope of carbon

B)

its four valence electrons

C)

its nonmetallic character

D)

the ability of carbon to catenate to a high degree

E)

the ability of carbon to form more than one oxide

72. Which of the following compounds is not an allotrope of carbon?

A)

diamond

B)

All are allotropes of carbon.

C)

methane

D)

graphite

E)

buckminsterfullerene

73. Which of the following statements concerning oxides of carbon is false?

A)

Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced when an organic

substance is burned in an oxygen-lean environment.

B)

Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are toxic in large quantities.

C)

Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are colorless.

D)

Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide support most combustion reactions.

E)

Both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are odorless.

74. Highly pure silicon for the manufacture of solid state electronic devices is made on an

industrial scale by

A)

reduction of SiCl4(g) with hydrogen gas.

B)

reduction of SiO2(s) with coke (amorphous carbon).

C)

thermal decomposition of SiH4(g).

D)

reduction of SiCl4(g) with an alkali metal.

E)

reduction of SiO2(s) with aluminum.

75. Which of the following is not a form of silicon dioxide?

A)

sand

B)

quartz

C)

amethyst

D)

glass

E)

silicone

76. Which of the following is not a possible formula for a silicate anion?

A)

SiO3–

B)

Si4O1310–

C)

Si2O76–

D)

Si6O1812–

E)

SiO44–

77. What small molecule is the eliminated as part of a condensation reaction?

A)

H2O

B)

CO2

C)

O2

D)

H2

E)

HCl

78. Which of the following is not an example of “fixing” nitrogen?

A)

Scientists combine dinitrogen and hydrogen gases to form ammonia.

B)

Bacteria convert dinitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonium ion and nitrate

ion containing compounds.

C)

Denitrifying bacteria decompose organic compounds into dinitrogen gas.

D)

When magnesium combusts in air, some magnesium also reacts with dinitrogen to

produce magnesium nitride.

E)

Lightning strikes in the atmosphere produce nitrogen monoxide from dinitrogen

and dioxygen gases.

79. Dinitrogen gas is prepared commercially

A)

from the decomposition of ammonia.

B)

from the decomposition of magnesium nitride.

C)

from the electrolytic reduction of ammonium salts.

D)

from the distillation of air.

E)

from the electrolytic reduction of nitrate salts.

80. The oxidation state of nitrogen (given in parentheses) is correct in all the following cases

except

A)

HN3 (–1).

B)

N2O3 (+3).

C)

HNO3 (+5).

D)

NH4+ (–3).

E)

N2O (+1).

81. What is the gas obtained by gently heating NH4NO3?

A)

N2

B)

NO2

C)

N2O

D)

NO3

E)

N2O3

82. Nitric acid can be obtained directly by the reaction of _____________with water.

A)

N2O

B)

NO

C)

N2

D)

N2O3

E)

N2O5

83. Which of the following equations describes the reaction of copper metal with dilute nitric

acid?

A)

Cu(s) + 4H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

B)

4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 4Cu2+(aq) + N2O(g) + 15H2O(l)

C)

5Cu(s) + 12H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 5Cu2+(aq) + N2(g) + 18H2O(l)

D)

4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + NO3–(aq) → 4Cu2+(aq) + NH4+(aq) + 13H2O(l)

E)

3Cu(s) + 8H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 12H2O(l)

84. Which of the following equations describes the reaction of copper metal with concentrated

nitric acid?

A)

4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + NO3–(aq) → 4Cu2+(aq) + NH4+(aq) + 13H2O(l)

B)

5Cu(s) + 12H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 5Cu2+(aq) + N2(g) + 18H2O(l)

C)

Cu(s) + 4H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

D)

3Cu(s) + 8H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 12H2O(l)

E)

4Cu(s) + 10H3O+(aq) + 2NO3–(aq) → 4Cu2+(aq) + N2O(g) + 15H2O(l)

85. In which of the following pairs is the nonmetal oxide the acid anhydride of the acid with

which it is paired?

A)

N2O3 and HNO3

B)

N2O5 and HNO3

C)

NO2 and HNO3

D)

NO2 and HNO2

E)

NO and HNO2

86. Nitric acid is obtained commercially from

A)

NH3.

B)

NH4NO3.

C)

Mg3N2.

D)

NaNO2.

E)

CO(NH2)2.

87. Which nitrogen-containing compound is produced commercially via the Ostwald process?

A)

NH4NO3

B)

N2O

C)

NH3

D)

NO

E)

HNO3

88. The commercial preparation of nitric acid involves a number of reactions. Which of the

reaction sequences below summarizes part of this process?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

89. Which of the following statements about ammonia is incorrect?

A)

Ammonia can be generated on a small scale from the reaction of an ionic nitride

with water or by heating a solution of an ammonium salt with a strong base.

B)

Ammonia is the conjugate acid of the strongly basic nitride ion (N3−).

C)

Large quantities of ammonia are converted to urea (CO(NH2)2), which is used as a

fertilizer, livestock feed supplement, and in the manufacture of some plastics.

D)

Large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) are produced by the catalytic oxidation of

ammonia.

E)

Ammonia is produced commercially by the Haber process.

90. Which of the following statements concerning phosphorus is false?

A)

At room temperature, white phosphorus is a molecular solid, while red phosphorus

is a polymeric form of phosphorus..

B)

The molecular formula of white phosphorus is P4.

C)

Phosphorus is commonly found in phosphate minerals such as fluorapatite.

D)

Because phosphorus may use 3d orbitals for bonding, it can form the +7 oxidation

state.

E)

White phosphorus spontaneously combusts when exposed to air.

91. A primary industrial purpose of calcium phosphate is

A)

use as a fungicide.

B)

direct use as a plant growth supplement.

C)

use for treatment with sulfuric acid to make fertilizers.

D)

use as a starting material for PVC plastics.

E)

use to make phosphorus-containing vitamin pills.

92. When P4O10 reacts with water, the product is

A)

HPO3.

B)

H4P2O7.

C)

H3PO2.

D)

H3PO3.

E)

H3PO4.

93. Which formula–name combination is incorrect?

A)

H3PO4, orthophosphoric acid

B)

H5P3O10, pentaphosphoric acid

C)

H3P3O9, trimetaphosphoric acid

D)

P4O10, tetraphosphorus decoxide

E)

H4P2O7, diphosphoric acid

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 25

94. Polyphosphoric and metaphosphoric acids are made by a series of _____ reactions of

orthophosphoric acid.

A)

condensation

B)

oxidation

C)

reduction

D)

combustion

E)

precipitation

95. Which of the following is the acid anhydride of orthophosphoric acid?

A)

P4O10

B)

PO4

C)

P4 (white phosphorus)

D)

P4O6

E)

P fired phosphorus)

96. What is the largest source for the commercial preparation of oxygen?

A)

peroxides

B)

air

C)

silicates

D)

water

E)

carbonates

97. Suppose a metal (M) that is capable of forming +1, +2, and +3 oxidation states is heated and

reacted with excess dioxygen gas. What is the most likely result?

A)

The metal will be oxidized to the +1 oxidation state and form a superoxide

compound having the formula MO2.

B)

The metal will be oxidized to the +1 oxidation state and form a peroxide

compound having the formula M2O2.

C)

The metal will be oxidized to the +2 oxidation state and form a compound having

the formula MO.

D)

The metal will be oxidized to the +1 oxidation state and form a compound having

the formula M2O.

E)

The metal will be oxidized to the +3 oxidation state and form a compound having

the formula M2O3.

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 26

98. Which of the following compounds would not be expected to react with oxygen?

A)

NH3

B)

N2H4

C)

N2O5

D)

N2O4

E)

Li3N

99. Which of the following elements is least likely to form a stable oxide?

A)

Fe

B)

Ca

C)

S8

D)

P4

E)

He

100. Which of the following compounds is a peroxide?

A)

Al2O3

B)

Na2O2

C)

BaO

D)

SiO2

E)

Na2O

101. A superoxide ion can be distinguished from the peroxide ion and the oxide ion because

A)

the superoxide ion is stable.

B)

the superoxide ion is paramagnetic.

C)

the superoxide ion is diamagnetic.

D)

the superoxide ion is an acid.

E)

the superoxide ion is a base.

102. Which of the following is not an allotropic form of sulfur?

A)

S10

B)

S6

C)

S2

D)

S4

E)

S8

103. Which of the following statements concerning sulfur is incorrect?

A)

Sulfur exists in different allotropic forms.

B)

Sulfur is readily soluble in water.

C)

Sulfur has common oxidation states of –2, 0, +4, and +6.

D)

Sulfur may act as either an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent.

E)

Sulfur may exist as S8 molecules.

104. The process of using superheated water to melt underground deposits of sulfur and force

them to the surface is called

A)

the Claus process.

B)

the Frasch process.

C)

the Dow process.

D)

the steam-reforming process.

E)

the contact process.

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 28

105. The process by which free sulfur is obtained by the partial burning of hydrogen sulfide is

called

A)

the Frasch process.

B)

the Dow process.

C)

the Claus process.

D)

the Ostwald process.

E)

the contact process.

106. Which of the following statements about sulfur is incorrect?

A)

The complete combustion of sulfur produces sulfur trioxide as the major product.

B)

In the Frasch process, underground deposits of sulfur are melted and forced to the

surface under pressure.

C)

In the first step of the contact process, sulfur trioxide is produced from sulfur

dioxide and oxygen using a vanadium catalyst.

D)

Sulfur dioxide produced from the combustion of fossil fuels has been implicated in

respiratory ailments.

E)

In the Claus process, free sulfur is obtained by the partial burning of hydrogen

sulfide.

107. In which of the following compounds does sulfur exist in the +4 oxidation state?

A)

KHSO3

B)

Na2S4O6

C)

Na2S2O3

D)

K2SO4

E)

H2S2O8

108. Which of the following is not a commercial use for sulfur dioxide?

A)

in the preparation of sulfuric acid

B)

as a disinfectant

C)

as a bleaching agent for wood pulp

D)

in a fire extinguisher

E)

as a food preservative

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 29

109. Which molecule does not have a bent molecular geometry?

A)

H2O

B)

SO2

C)

N2O

D)

O3

E)

H2S

110. Which of the following statements concerning elemental chlorine is incorrect?

A)

Cl2 is used to purify water.

B)

Cl2 is used in the preparation of polyvinyl chloride.

C)

Cl2 is used in the production of bleaching agents.

D)

Cl2 is used for the preparation of NaCl.

E)

Cl2 is used in the preparation of Br2.

111. Which of the following ions are oxidized by chlorine gas in an aqueous solution?

A)

F− only

B)

Br− only

C)

I− only

D)

Br− and I−

E)

I−, Br−, and F−

112. Most HCl(g) is obtained commercially

A)

by reaction of MnO2 with concentrated HCl.

B)

by reaction of NaCl with concentrated H2SO4.

C)

by electrolysis of NaCl.

D)

by distillation of HCl(aq).

E)

as a by-product from the chlorination of hydrocarbons.

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 30

113. Which of the following statements concerning chlorine and its compounds is false?

A)

At high temperatures, perchloric acid decomposes explosively.

B)

Chlorine is a weaker oxidizing agent than either bromine or iodine.

C)

Common bleach is a solution of sodium hypochlorite.

D)

Hydrogen chloride gas is commercially prepared by heating sodium chloride with

concentrated sulfuric acid.

E)

In aqueous solution, chlorine disproportionates in basic solution to form chloride

and hypochlorite.

114. Which of the following reactions is a disproportionation?

A)

CaSiO3(s) + 8HCl(aq) → H2SiCl6(aq) + CaCl2(aq) + 3H2O(l)

B)

Cl2(aq) + 2I–(aq) → I2(aq) + 2Cl–(aq)

C)

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

D)

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

E)

Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → NaClO(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

115. In hot, basic solution, the hypochlorite ion is unstable. What are the products of its

decomposition?

A)

HCl(aq) and Cl2(g)

B)

ClO3–(aq) and ClO4–(aq)

C)

Cl–(aq) and Cl2(g)

D)

ClO2–(aq) and ClO3–(aq)

E)

Cl–(aq) and ClO3–(g)

116. What is the acid anhydride of perchloric acid?

A)

Cl2O

B)

Cl2O3

C)

Cl2O7

D)

Cl2O5

E)

ClO2

Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 31

117. Which of the noble gases was detected in the spectrum of the sun before it was ever isolated

on earth?

A)

neon

B)

krypton

C)

xenon

D)

argon

E)

helium

118. Which of the noble gases is not obtained commercially by distillation of liquid air?

A)

krypton

B)

neon

C)

helium

D)

argon

E)

xenon

119. Which of the following noble gases has, thus far, eluded formation of a compound?

A)

xenon

B)

radon

C)

krypton

D)

neon

E)

argon

120. What is the principal source of commercial helium?

A)

Certain natural gas wells.

B)

Fractional distillation of air.

C)

It is a byproduct of commercial fusion research.

D)

It is a byproduct of commercial fission reactors.

E)

The mineral cleveite, a uranium ore.