Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 1
Chapter 21 – Chemistry of the Main-Group Metals
1. Within a group, as the atomic numbers of the elements increase, the
A)
ionization energies decrease.
B)
atomic masses decrease.
C)
elements become less metallic.
D)
atomic radii decrease.
E)
electronegativities increase.
2. Which of the following statements about the general properties of the main group metals is
not correct?
A)
Metallic character increases down a group.
B)
Metallic character decreases left to right across a period.
C)
The majority of main group metal oxides are acidic.
D)
Main group metals tend to form cations (lose electrons) in their reactions.
E)
Main group metal reactivity tends to increase down a group.
3. Which of the following statements about the general properties of the main group nonmetals
is incorrect?
A)
The oxides of nonmetals tend to be acidic.
B)
The ionization energies of the nonmetals increase down a group.
C)
Nonmetals tend to be insulators.
D)
Nonmetals tend to form monoatomic anions or oxoanions.
E)
The highest possible oxidation state for all but the most electronegative nonmetals
is equal to the group number of the element.
4. Which element commonly has both +1 and +3 oxidation states?
A)
Tl
B)
Pb
C)
Ba
D)
Al
E)
Cu
5. All of the following elements have the oxidation states listed except
A)
Sn2+.
B)
Sn+.
C)
Pb2+.
D)
Tl+.
E)
Tl3+.
6. Choose the most metallic element.
A)
As
B)
P
C)
Bi
D)
N
E)
Sb
7. Which element in Group IVA has the strongest metallic character?
A)
None of the elements in Group IVA is metallic.
B)
Pb
C)
Si
D)
C
E)
Ge
8. Which of the following exhibits the greatest metallic character?
A)
Ge
B)
Ga
C)
Br
D)
As
E)
All are equally metallic.
Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 3
9. Which of the following is not a normal characteristic of a metal?
A)
ability to form cations
B)
low ionization energy
C)
conductor of electricity
D)
high electron affinity
E)
malleability
10. Metals usually act as
A)
oxidizing agents.
B)
reducing agents.
C)
conjugate bases.
D)
conjugate acids.
E)
ion exchange agents.
11. Which of the following is not a property of metals?
A)
ductile
B)
heat conductor
C)
malleable
D)
luminous
E)
electrical conductor
12. Which of the following statements is true?
A)
An alloy may also be an ore.
B)
A metal may also be a mineral.
C)
A mineral may also be an alloy.
D)
A mineral may also be an ore.
E)
All of these statements are true.
13. Bauxite is the principal ore of which element(s)?
A)
B
B)
Tl
C)
Al
D)
Ga
E)
all of these
14. At which step in the production of a metal would a blast furnace be used?
A)
preliminary treatment
B)
refining
C)
reduction
D)
smithing
E)
extruding
15. Roasting is an example of which step in the production of a metal?
A)
reduction
B)
alloying
C)
smithing
D)
refining
E)
preliminary treatment
16. What is the metallurgical process of roasting?
A)
A heating process done in the presence of carbon to reduce a metal oxide mineral
to the metal.
B)
A heating process done in the presence of carbon to reduce a metal sulfide mineral
to the metal.
C)
A heating process done in the presence of air to oxidize a metal mineral to the
metal oxide.
D)
A heating process done in the presence of air to convert a metal sulfide mineral to
the metal oxide mineral.
E)
A heating process done in the presence of air to reduce a metal oxide mineral to
the metal.
Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 5
17. A chemical method of isolating aluminum oxide from aluminum ore is called
A)
the Hall–Héroult process.
B)
the Solvay process.
C)
the Goldschmidt process.
D)
the Bayer process.
E)
the Dow process.
18. In the first stage of the Bayer process bauxite is mixed with a strong base. What is the
purpose of the strong base?
A)
Strong base dissolves the silicate constituents of the ore, leaving pure aluminum
oxide as a precipitate to be collected by filtration.
B)
Strong base favors the formation of a soluble anion of the aluminum, leaving the
silicates and other impurities as precipitates to be removed by filtration.
C)
Strong base dissolves the silicate constituents of the ore and precipitates the
aluminum as Al(OH)3 for collection by filtration.
D)
Strong base dissolves the silicates and aluminum constituents of the ore, allowing
for the removal of any insoluble impurities by filtration and eventual precipitation
of the aluminum from the filtrate.
E)
The strong base, along with HF, is used to extract the aluminum from the ore as
cryolite, a compound used in the electrolytic reduction of aluminum.
19. A solution may contain NaCl, MgCl2, and/or AlCl3. When sodium hydroxide is added, a
white precipitate forms that dissolves as more NaOH is added. Therefore,
A)
the solution definitely contains AlCl3 and cannot contain MgCl2.
B)
the solution contains only NaCl.
C)
the solution contains at least two of the compounds, but it cannot be determined
which two are present.
D)
the solution definitely contains AlCl3 and probably contains MgCl2.
E)
the solution can contain only AlCl3.
20. Which element is found in the ore galena?
A)
aluminum
B)
lead
C)
silicon
D)
germanium
E)
tin
21. Which of the following equations represents the roasting of lead(II) sulfide ore?
A)
PbS(s) + 4H2O(l) → Pb(OH)3–(aq) + H2S(aq) + H3O+(aq)
B)
PbS(s) + H2(g) → Pb(s) + H2S(g)
C)
2PbS(s) + C(s) → 2Pb(s) + CS2(l)
D)
PbS(s) + 2H2O(l) → Pb(OH)2(s) + H2S(aq)
E)
2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)
22. The commercial method of isolating magnesium from seawater is called
A)
the Solvay process.
B)
the Goldschmidt process.
C)
the Dow process.
D)
the Hall–Héroult process.
E)
the Bayer process.
23. Which of the following elements is obtained commercially from seawater and salt brine?
A)
beryllium
B)
sulfur
C)
potassium
D)
magnesium
E)
aluminum
24. Which of the following is initially obtained commercially by electrolytic reduction?
A)
magnesium
B)
fluorine
C)
copper
D)
iodine
E)
bromine
Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 7
25. Aluminum is obtained from a Al2O3–Na3AlF6 mixture by
A)
reduction with hydrogen.
B)
reduction with carbon monoxide.
C)
flotation.
D)
reduction with carbon.
E)
electrolysis.
26. Aluminum is produced commercially by electrolysis in a cell that contains
A)
AlCl3(aq).
B)
aluminum anodes and cathodes.
C)
Al2O3(l) + Na3AlF6(l).
D)
AlCl3(aq) + Na3AlF6(aq).
E)
aluminum anodes.
27. Cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the production of
A)
HF.
B)
NaF.
C)
Na.
D)
Al.
E)
F2.
28. Which of the following processes is used commercially in the production of aluminum?
A)
Goldschmidt process
B)
Hall–Héroult process
C)
Dow process
D)
Frasch process
E)
Ostwald process
29. In the production of aluminum by the Hall–Héroult process, what is the product produced at
the cathode?
A)
CO
B)
F2
C)
Al
D)
Na
E)
O2
Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 8
30. The valence electrons in a metal crystal are
A)
delocalized between every two atoms.
B)
localized between every two atoms.
C)
found only on the surface of the crystal.
D)
delocalized only by an applied potential.
E)
free to travel throughout the crystal.
31. Which of the following statements concerning the description of metals is/are correct?
1.
Metals may be simply viewed as a sea of positive ions which are free to move
over the entire metal crystal.
2.
Molecular orbital theory shows that the large number of overlapping valence
orbitals on the metal atoms in a crystal are so close together that they form
bands.
3.
Molecular orbital theory shows that electrons can become mobile when some
of the electrons in a band are excited into unoccupied orbitals within the same
band or a nearby band.
A)
1 only
B)
2 only
C)
3 only
D)
1 and 2
E)
2 and 3
32. Which of Figures I–V best represents the band theory description of metallic sodium?
A)
Figure IV
B)
Figure II
C)
Figure V
D)
Figure I
E)
Figure III
33. Which of the following properties of the alkali metals does not increase with increasing
atomic number?
A)
ionic radius
B)
reactivity with water
C)
atomic radius
D)
atomic mass
E)
ionization energy
34. Which element reacts most vigorously with water?
A)
Al
B)
Li
C)
Ba
D)
Mg
E)
Cs
35. Which of the following metals is expected to have the fastest reaction with water?
A)
Li
B)
K
C)
Cs
D)
Na
E)
Rb
36. Which of the following alkali metals has the highest melting point?
A)
Li
B)
Na
C)
Rb
D)
Cs
E)
K
37. An alkali metal (designated M) reacts with water with the formation of
A)
MOH + H2.
B)
M2O + H2.
C)
M(OH)2 + H2.
D)
MO + H2.
E)
MOH + O2.
38. Which of the following metals will have the most vigorous reaction with water?
A)
Ga
B)
Li
C)
K
D)
Ca
E)
Ba
39. Which one of the following metals reacts least vigorously with water?
A)
Li
B)
Ca
C)
Na
D)
Mg
E)
K
40. Which of the following is not a property of the alkali metals?
A)
They form +1 cations in ionic compounds.
B)
Their hydroxides tend to be amphoteric.
C)
They do not occur as free metals in nature.
D)
They are the most reactive of all metals.
E)
They are soft and silvery.
41. Which is the most fundamental reason why potassium is more reactive than sodium?
A)
The effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons of potassium is less than the
effective nuclear charge on the valence electrons of sodium.
B)
The electronegativity of potassium is less than the electronegativity of sodium.
C)
The atomic radius of potassium is larger than the atomic radius of sodium.
D)
The ionization energy of potassium is larger than the ionization energy of sodium.
E)
The ionic radius of potassium is larger than the ionic radius of sodium.
42. Which of the following statements about lithium is false?
A)
Lithium reacts with oxygen to produce lithium peroxide.
B)
The commercial source of lithium is the ore spodumene.
C)
Lithium metal is obtained by electrolysis of lithium chloride.
D)
Lithium reacts with water to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
E)
Lithium is commonly used as the anode in batteries.
43. Which of the following statements about compounds of lithium is false?
A)
Lithium hydroxide is a strong base.
B)
Lithium carbonate is much more soluble in water than is sodium carbonate.
C)
Lithium carbonate is a medication used to treat bipolar disorder.
D)
Lithium hydroxide is used to remove carbon dioxide from the air in spacecraft.
E)
Lithium hydroxide is produced by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with lithium
carbonate.
44. Which alkali metal is capable of forming a stable nitride?
A)
Cs
B)
Na
C)
Rb
D)
K
E)
Li
45. Which of the following is not an important use of sodium compounds?
A)
NaCl as a food preservative
B)
Na2CO3 in the manufacture of glass
C)
NaOH in the extraction of Al2O3 from ore
D)
NaI in the production of iodine
E)
NaOH in the manufacture of soap
46. Which of the following statements about sodium is false?
A)
Sodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium peroxide.
B)
Sodium ions are a significant component of seawater.
C)
Sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydride and oxygen gas.
D)
Sodium metal is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride.
E)
Sodium metal is a strong reducing agent.
47. Which of the following statements is true?
A)
The Solvay process is used to produce lead from galena ore.
B)
The Solvay process is used to produce magnesium from seawater.
C)
The Solvay process is used to produce sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and
limestone.
D)
The Solvay process is used to separate aluminum oxide from bauxite ore.
E)
The Solvay process is used to produce aluminum metal from the electrolysis of
aluminum oxide in cryolite.
48. Which of the following is not a reaction used in the Solvay process?
A)
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → H2(g) + Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq)
B)
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
C)
NH3(g) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq) → NaHCO3(s) + NH4Cl(aq)
D)
2NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
E)
CaO(s) + 2NH4Cl(aq) → 2NH3(g) + CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
49. The Solvay process is an industrial method for the production of what compound?
A)
Li2CO3
B)
Na2CO3
C)
NaOH
D)
KO2
E)
KNO3
50. Almost all the potassium metal produced is used in the preparation of what compound?
A)
KNO3
B)
K2O2
C)
KOH
D)
KO2
E)
KCl
51. Which of the following statements concerning potassium and its compounds is false?
A)
Potash consists mostly of potassium carbonate.
B)
Potassium is so soft that it can be cut with a butter knife.
C)
Potassium reacts with oxygen to produce potassium superoxide.
D)
Potassium superoxide is used in self-contained breathing apparatuses.
E)
Potassium metal is prepared by electrolysis of potassium chloride.
52. Which of the following statements concerning magnesium is false?
A)
Magnesium ion is the third most abundant dissolved ion in the oceans.
B)
Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.
C)
Magnesium has a low density compared to most metals.
D)
Magnesium is the least reactive alkaline earth metal.
E)
Magnesium is used as a reducing agent in the production of zirconium.
53. Which of the following statements concerning magnesium is false?
A)
Milk of magnesia is composed of a slurry of magnesium hydroxide.
B)
Combustion of magnesium produces an intense white light.
C)
Carbon dioxide may be used to put out magnesium fires.
D)
Magnesium hydroxide is relatively insoluble in water.
E)
Firebricks are a hardened form of magnesium oxide.
54. Which of the following statements concerning calcium is false?
A)
Calcium metal is produced by the reduction of calcium oxide by aluminum.
B)
Coral reefs are composed mainly of calcium hydroxide.
C)
The mineral gypsum is composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
D)
Calcium reacts with hydrogen to produce calcium hydride.
E)
Seashells are composed principally of calcium carbonate.
55. Which of the following combinations of common name and formula is incorrect?
A)
plaster of Paris, CaHCO3
B)
slaked lime, Ca(OH)2
C)
quicklime, CaO
D)
limestone, CaCO3
E)
slag, CaSiO3
56. Which of the following hydroxides has amphoteric character?
A)
Al(OH)3
B)
CsOH
C)
Ba(OH)2
D)
KOH
E)
B(OH)3
57. Which of the following statements concerning aluminum is false?
A)
Sapphires and rubies are composed principally of aluminum oxide.
B)
Aluminum hydroxide is amphoteric.
C)
Aluminum can have both +1 and +3 oxidation states.
D)
The main industrial source of aluminum is bauxite ore.
E)
Corundum is a hard mineral of aluminum oxide.
58. The Goldschmidt process is a method to
A)
produce lead from galena ore.
B)
prepare aluminum metal from electrolysis of aluminum hydroxide and cryolite.
C)
prepare sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and calcium carbonate.
D)
produce magnesium from seawater.
E)
prepare a metal by reduction of its oxide with aluminum metal.
59. Which of the following equations describes the application of the Goldschmidt process to
iron(III) oxide?
A)
2Fe2O3(s) + 6H2(g) → 4FeH3(s) + 3O2(g)
B)
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) → Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
C)
Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O(l) → 2Fe(OH)3(aq)
D)
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → 2Fe(l) + Al2O3(l)
E)
2Fe2O3(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3O2(g)
Test Bank General Chemistry, 10th edition 16
60. Which of the following statements concerning tin is false?
A)
Tin(IV) chloride is a molecular liquid.
B)
Tin metal is obtained from the mineral cassiterite.
C)
Tin(II) compounds are strong oxidizing agents.
D)
Solder and bronze are both alloys of tin.
E)
One allotrope of tin is a metal, and the other allotrope is a nonmetal.
61. Which of the following statements concerning lead is false?
A)
Lead is predominantly used to make electrodes in batteries.
B)
Lead ions exist only in the +4 oxidation state.
C)
Lead reacts with hydrochloric acid, but because lead(II) chloride is insoluble in
water, the reaction soon stops.
D)
Lead is commercially prepared by reducing lead(II) oxide with carbon monoxide.
E)
Lead is commonly found in galena, a lead(II) sulfide mineral.
62. Which of the following metals tends to form compounds where the metal has a +2 or +4
oxidation number?
A)
Al
B)
Mg
C)
Sn
D)
Na
E)
Ba
63. Which of the following statements about hydrogen is/are correct?
1.
It has three isotopes.
2.
It is the most abundant element in the universe.
3.
An atom of deuterium is about three times the mass of protium.
A)
1 only
B)
2 only
C)
3 only
D)
1 and 2
E)
1, 2 and 3