Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
1. What are the female gametes?
a.
uterus
b.
ova
c.
fallopian tubes
d.
semen
e.
ovaries
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.1 – Describe the male and female reproductive systems
2. What is the principal estrogen secreted by the ovaries?
a.
estrone
b.
estriol
c.
progesterone
d.
menstruum
e.
estradiol
e
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.1 – Describe the male and female reproductive systems
3. What is the production of female eggs called?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.1 – Describe the male and female reproductive systems
4. What is the lowest portion of the uterus called?
a.
vagina
b.
endometrium
c.
cervix
d.
vulva
e.
perineum
c
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.2 – Summarize the male and female reproductive functions and organs
5. What is the male equivalent of the female clitoris?
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
a.
prostate gland
b.
scrotum
c.
testes
d.
penis
e.
epididymis
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.2 – Summarize the male and female reproductive functions and organs
6. How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
a.
48
b.
46
c.
32
d.
24
e.
23
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.3 – Describe the process of gametogenesis
7. Gametogenesis is accomplished by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.3 – Describe the process of gametogenesis
8. What is the chromosomal designation of a human female?
a.
XY
b.
YY
c.
XX
d.
XZ
e.
ZZ
c
20.1 Uniqueness of the Reproductive System
HUPH.SHER.16.20.1.4 – Describe the three sex levels that differentiate males from females
9. Where is the coolest temperature found that is best suited for spermatogenesis?
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
a.
scrotum
b.
inguinal canal
c.
epididymis
d.
Wolffian ducts
e.
abdominal cavity
a
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.2.1 – Explain the importance of the scrotal location of the testes
10. What endocrine cells produce testosterone in the male?
a.
Leydig cells
b.
Sertoli cells
c.
inguinal cells
d.
granulosa cells
e.
islets of Langerhans
a
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.2.2 – Describe the five categories of effects of testosterone
11. How many chromosomes do human spermatogonia contain?
a.
22
b.
23
c.
32
d.
44
e.
46
e
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.2.3 – Describe the three stages of spermatogenesis
12. What are the three major stages of spermatogenesis?
a.
mitotic proliferation, sperm differentiation, and delivery
b.
testosterone secretion, sperm differentiation, and packaging
c.
mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and packaging
d.
testosterone secretion, meiosis, and packaging
e.
mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and delivery
c
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.2.3 – Describe the three stages of spermatogenesis
13. Where are Sertoli cells located or housed?
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
a.
Leydig cells
b.
epididymis
c.
ductus deferens
d.
seminiferous tubules
e.
Müllerian ducts
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
14. The testes are controlled by what two gonadotropic hormones?
a.
testosterone and estrogen
b.
LH and FSH
c.
androgens and ACTH
d.
cAMP and testosterone
e.
FSH and growth hormone
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
15. The enhancement of sperm’s ability to fertilize in the male and female reproductive tracts is known as:
a.
activation
b.
capacitation
c.
synergistic response
d.
initiation
e.
ignition
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
16. What is the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm?
a.
fructose
b.
glucose
c.
galactose
d.
lactic acid
e.
fatty acids
a
20.2 Male Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.2.4 – Describe the functions of the accessory sex glands
17. In what phase of the sexual response cycle does ejaculation occur?
a.
excitation phase
b.
resolution phase
c.
plateau phase
d.
orgasmic phase
e.
seminal phase
20.3 Sexual Intercourse between Males and Females
HUPH.SHER.16.20.3.2 – Summarize the four phases in the male sexual response cycle
18. A man is considered clinically infertile if his sperm concentration falls below:
a.
400 million/mL of semen
b.
165 million/mL of semen
c.
100 million/mL of semen
d.
60 million/mL of semen
e.
20 million/mL of semen
20.3 Sexual Intercourse between Males and Females
19. What is the sympathetic rhythmic contraction rate (in response to orgasm) in both males and females?
a.
0.1-second intervals
b.
0.4-second intervals
c.
0.8-second intervals
d.
1.2-second intervals
e.
1.8-second intervals
20.3 Sexual Intercourse between Males and Females
HUPH.SHER.16.20.3.4 – Describe the similarities between the female and male sexual cycle
20. What dual functions do the ovaries perform?
a.
oogenesis and lactation
b.
menstruation and ovulation
c.
oogenesis and secreting female sex hormones
d.
menstruation and secreting female sex hormones
e.
oogenesis and gametogenesis
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.1 – Describe the complex cycles that characterize the female
21. How many chromosomes do human primary oocytes contain?
a.
48
b.
46
c.
32
d.
24
e.
23
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.2 – Compare the steps in oogenesis and spermatogenesis
22. After the onset of puberty, the ovary constantly alternates between what two phases?
a.
primary and secondary phases
b.
initial and late phases
c.
estrogen and progesterone phases
d.
follicular and luteal phases
e.
ovulating and menstrual phases
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.3 – Describe the two phases in the ovarian cycle
23. Thecal and granulosa cells are collectively known as:
a.
follicular cells
b.
ovulatory cells
c.
menstrual cells
d.
luteal cells
e.
secondary cells
a
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.3 – Describe the two phases in the ovarian cycle
24. The luteal phase is characterized by the presence of a(n):
a.
endometrium
b.
corona radiata
c.
corpus luteum
d.
zona pellucida
e.
antrum
c
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
reproductive system
25. What enzyme do granulosa cells contain?
a.
inhibin
b.
lactase
c.
kisspeptin
d.
granulase
e.
aromatase
e
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
26. For how long will the corpus luteum function if fertilization does not occur?
a.
1 week
b.
10 days
c.
2 weeks
d.
3 weeks
e.
28 days
c
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
27. How long does the menstrual, or uterine, cycle last on average?
a.
1 week
b.
10 days
c.
2 weeks
d.
3 weeks
e.
28 days
e
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
cyclic changes in the uterus and the cervix
28. What causes dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps)?
a.
ovulation
b.
prostaglandin overproduction
c.
estrogen overproduction
d.
progesterone underproduction
e.
LH underproduction
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.3 – Describe the two phases in the ovarian cycle
29. Between what ages does menopause typically occur in women?
a.
30 – 35
b.
35 – 45
c.
45 – 55
d.
55 – 65
e.
65 – 70
c
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.7 – Discuss how menopause affects women
30. Within what timeframe must fertilization occur after ovulation?
a.
24 hours
b.
48 hours
c.
72 hours
d.
5 days
e.
7 days
a
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
31. What is the longest timeframe that sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract?
a.
24 hours
b.
48 hours
c.
72 hours
d.
5 days
e.
7 days
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
32. In about 95% of ectopic tubal pregnancies, the morula implants in the lining of the:
a.
uterus
b.
oviduct
c.
ovaries
d.
endometrium
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
cyclic changes in the uterus and the cervix
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
e.
vagina
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
33. The endometrial tissue that’s modified at the implantation site is called the:
a.
decidua
b.
morula
c.
blastocyst
d.
trophoblast
e.
chorion
a
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
34. How long after implantation is the placenta well established and operational (albeit not fully developed)?
a.
5 days
b.
3 weeks
c.
5 weeks
d.
8 weeks
e.
12 weeks
c
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
35. What function does placental PTHrp (parathyroid hormone–related peptide) serve?
a.
It helps prepare the mammary glands for lactation.
b.
It increases maternal plasma Ca2+ levels for use in calcifying fetal bones.
c.
It softens the cervix in preparation for cervical dilation at parturition.
d.
It maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy.
e.
It stimulates growth of the myometrium.
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
36. How long is the period of gestation (pregnancy) in humans from conception?
a.
about 33 weeks
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
b.
about 34 weeks
c.
about 36 weeks
d.
about 38 weeks
e.
about 40 weeks
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
demands of gestation
37. What peptide hormone causes cervical softening?
a.
oxytocin
b.
progesterone
c.
corticotrophin-releasing hormone
d.
vasopressin
e.
relaxin
e
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.13 – Discuss the four factors that trigger the onset of parturition
38. What are the three stages of labor?
a.
rupturing of the amniotic sac, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta
b.
rupturing of the amniotic sac, labor pains, and delivery of the baby
c.
rupturing of the amniotic sac, cervical dilation, and delivery of the baby
d.
cervical dilation, delivery of the baby, and delivery of the placenta
e.
cervical dilation, labor pains, and delivery of the baby
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
HUPH.SHER.16.20.4.14 – Describe the three stages of labor
39. Where is oxytocin stored?
a.
thalamus
b.
hypothalamus
c.
pineal
d.
anterior pituitary
e.
posterior pituitary
e
20.4 Female Reproductive Physiology
40. What antibody is present in great amounts in breast milk?
a.
IgA
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
b.
IgE
c.
IgM
d.
lactoferrin
e.
Lactobacillus bifidus
a
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
41. The vaginal opening is located in the perineum between the urethral opening anteriorly and the anal opening
posteriorly.
a.
True
b.
False
True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
42. Nuclear division in the specialized case of gametes is accomplished by meiosis, in which only a half set of genetic
information is distributed to each of four new daughter cells.
a.
True
b.
False
True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
43. In humans, 20 autosomal chromosomes code for general human characteristics and for specific traits such as eye
color.
a.
True
b.
False
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
44. Phenotypic sex, the apparent anatomic sex of an individual, is hormonally mediated and depends on the genetically
determined gonadal sex.
a.
True
b.
False
True
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
45. In males, the reproductive tract develops from the Müllerian ducts and the Wolffian ducts degenerate.
Chapter 20 – The Reproductive Systembrad
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. Most of testosterone’s actions ultimately function to ensure delivery of sperm to the female.
a.
True
b.
False
True
47. A spermatozoon has four parts: a head capped with an acrosome, an upper piece, a lower piece, and a tail.
a.
True
b.
False
False
48. The epididymal ducts from each testis converge to form a large, thick-walled, muscular duct called the Wolffian duct.
a.
True
b.
False
False
49. The prostate gland secretes an acidic fluid that neutralizes the alkaline vaginal secretions, an important function
because sperm are more viable in a slightly acidic environment.
a.
True
b.
False
False
50. Prostaglandins stimulate contractions of the smooth muscle in the reproductive tracts of both genders, thereby helping
transport sperm to the site of fertilization in the female oviduct.
a.
True
b.
False