43) Genetic engineering is being used by the pharmaceutical industry. Which of the following is not
currently one of the uses?
A) production of human insulin
B) production of human growth hormone
C) production of tissue plasminogen activator
D) genetic modification of plants to produce vaccines
E) creation of products that will remove poisons from the human body
44) Genetically engineered plants
A) are more difficult to engineer than animals.
B) include a transgenic rice plant that can help prevent vitamin A deficiency.
C) are being rapidly developed, but traditional plant breeding programs are still the only method used to
develop new plants.
D) are able to fix nitrogen themselves.
E) are banned throughout the world.
45) Scientists developed a set of guidelines to address the safety of DNA technology. Which of the
following is one of the adopted safety measures?
A) Microorganisms used in recombinant DNA experiments are genetically crippled to ensure that they
cannot survive outside of the laboratory.
B) Genetically modified organisms are not allowed to be part of our food supply.
C) Transgenic plants are engineered so that the plant genes cannot hybridize.
D) Experiments involving HIV or other potentially dangerous viruses have been banned.
E) Recombinant plasmids cannot be replicated.
46) One successful form of gene therapy has involved delivery of an allele for the enzyme adenosine
deaminase (ADA) to bone marrow cells of a child with SCID, and delivery of these engineered cells
back to the bone marrow of the affected child. What is one major reason for the success of this
procedure as opposed to many other efforts at gene therapy?
A) The engineered bone marrow cells from this patient can be used for any other SCID patient.
B) The ADA-introduced allele causes all other ADA-negative cells to die.
C) The engineered cells, when reintroduced into the patient, find their way back to the bone marrow.
D) No vector is required to introduce the allele into ADA-negative cells.
E) The immune system fails to recognize cells with the variant gene.
47) Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene therapy is problematic?
A) Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce gene product.
B) Most cells with engineered genes overwhelm other cells in a tissue.
C) Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to replicate.
D) Transferred genes may not have appropriately controlled activity.
E) mRNA from transferred genes cannot be translated.
48) As genetic technology makes testing for a wide variety of genotypes possible, which of the
following is likely to be an increasingly troublesome issue?
A) use of genotype information to provide positive identification of criminals
B) using technology to identify genes that cause criminal behaviors
C) the need to legislate for the protection of the privacy of genetic information
D) discrimination against certain racial groups because of major genetic differences
E) alteration of human phenotypes to prevent early disease
Art Questions
Use Figure 20.1 to answer the following question.
Figure 20.1
49) Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in Figure 20.1?
A) ligase
B) transcriptase
C) a restriction enzyme
D) RNA polymerase
E) DNA polymerase
Use Figure 20.2 to answer the following question.
Figure 20.2
50) The segment of DNA shown in Figure 20.2 has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction
fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the
separation and identity of these fragments?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Use Figure 20.3 to answer the following questions. The DNA profiles that follow represent four
different individuals.
Figure 20.3
51) Which of the following statements is consistent with the results?
A) B is the child of A and C.
B) C is the child of A and B.
C) D is the child of B and C.
D) A is the child of B and C.
E) A is the child of C and D.
52) Which of the following statements is most likely true?
A) D is the child of A and C.
B) D is the child of A and B.
C) D is the child of B and C.
D) A is the child of C and D.
E) B is the child of A and C.
53) Which of the following are probably siblings?
A) A and B
B) A and C
C) A and D
D) C and D
E) B and D
Scenario Questions
Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A eukaryotic gene has “sticky ends” produced by the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. The gene is added
to a mixture containing EcoRI and a bacterial plasmid that carries two genes conferring resistance to
ampicillin and tetracycline. The plasmid has one recognition site for EcoRI located in the tetracycline
resistance gene. This mixture is incubated for several hours, exposed to DNA ligase, and then added to
bacteria growing in nutrient broth. The bacteria are allowed to grow overnight and are streaked on a
plate using a technique that produces isolated colonies that are clones of the original. Samples of these
colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient broth plus ampicillin, nutrient broth plus
tetracycline, nutrient broth plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient broth without antibiotics.
54) Bacteria that contain the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow
A) in the nutrient broth plus ampicillin, but not in the broth containing tetracycline.
B) only in the broth containing both antibiotics.
C) in the broth containing tetracycline, but not in the broth containing ampicillin.
D) in all four types of broth.
E) in the nutrient broth without antibiotics only.
55) Bacteria containing a plasmid into which the eukaryotic gene has integrated would grow in
A) the nutrient broth only.
B) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth only.
C) the nutrient broth, the ampicillin broth, and the tetracycline broth.
D) all four types of broth.
E) the ampicillin broth and the nutrient broth.
56) Bacteria that do not take up any plasmids would grow on which media?
A) the nutrient broth only
B) the nutrient broth and the tetracycline broth
C) the nutrient broth and the ampicillin broth
D) the tetracycline broth and the ampicillin broth
E) all three broths
Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A group of six students has taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used a
restriction enzyme known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest.
57) Why might they be conducting such an experiment?
A) to find the location of this gene in the human genome
B) to prepare to isolate the chromosome on which the gene of interest is found
C) to find which of the students has which alleles
D) to collect population data that can be used to assess natural selection
E) to collect population data that can be used to study genetic drift
58) Their next two steps, in order, should be
A) use of a fluorescent probe for the gene sequence, then electrophoresis.
B) electrophoresis of the fragments followed by autoradiography.
C) electrophoresis of the fragments, followed by the use of a probe.
D) use of a ligase that will anneal the pieces, followed by Southern blotting.
E) use of reverse transcriptase to make cDNA, followed by electrophoresis.
59) Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each
have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?
A) Each pair of students has a different gene for this function.
B) The two students who have two fragments have one restriction site in this region.
C) The two students who have two fragments have two restriction sites within this gene.
D) The students with three fragments are said to have “fragile sites.”
E) Each of these students is heterozygous for this gene.
Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) results from a translocation between human chromosomes 9 and
22. The resulting chromosome 22 is significantly shorter than usual, and it is known as a Philadelphia
(Ph’) chromosome. The junction at the site of the translocation causes overexpression of a thymine
kinase receptor. A new drug (Gleevec or imatinib) has been found to inhibit the disease if the patient is
treated early.
60) Which of the following would be a reasonably efficient technique for confirming the diagnosis of
CML?
A) searching for the number of telomeric sequences on chromosome 22
B) looking for a Ph’ chromosome in a peripheral blood smear
C) enzyme assay for thymine kinase activity
D) FISH study to determine the chromosomal location of all chromosome 22 fragments
E) identification of the disease phenotype in review of the patient’s records
61) Why would Gleevec most probably cause remission of the disease?
A) It reverses the chromosomal translocation.
B) It eliminates the Ph’ chromosome.
C) It removes Ph’-containing progenitor cells.
D) The drug inhibits the replication of the affected chromosome.
E) The drug inhibits the specific thymine kinase receptor.
62) One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human proteins, such as vaccines.
Which of the following is a possible hindrance that must be overcome?
A) prevention of transmission of plant allergens to the vaccine recipients
B) prevention of vaccine-containing plants being consumed by insects
C) use of plant cells to translate non-plant-derived mRNA
D) inability of the human digestive system to accept plant-derived protein
E) the need to cook all such plants before consuming them
Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Pharmacogenetics is an increasingly important discipline that uses genetic information to tailor the
prescription of drug treatments to individuals. In the case of chemotherapy for breast cancer, for
example, different patients need and/or respond to different treatments.
63) Patients whose tumors are HER-2 positive respond to herceptin whereas other patients do not.
Patients whose tumors have estrogen receptors will be best served if
A) their estrogen receptors are blocked by using RNAi.
B) their estrogen release is activated and/or elevated.
C) the estrogen receptors are blocked by other molecules that can use the same receptors.
D) they are given herceptin as well as estrogen.
E) they are given a complete hysterectomy.
64) Breast tumor biopsy specimens can be typed for a number of gene expression patterns. Together,
these can provide risk analysis for the likely aggressive growth and metastasis of the tumor. How can
this most help the physician and patient?
A) Some patients want to know as much as possible.
B) This can help them to decide whether and what kind of chemotherapy is warranted.
C) This can help them decide whether the tumor should be removed.
D) Some physicians may use the information to decide what to do, but not tell the patient.
E) This can help to aggregate health statistics.
End-of-Chapter Questions
The following questions are from the end-of–chapter “Test Your Understanding” section in Chapter 20
of the textbook.
65) Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?
A) restriction enzyme analysis of RFLPs
B) DNA ligase cutting DNA, creating sticky ends of restriction fragments
C) DNA polymerase polymerase chain reaction to amplify sections of DNA
D) reverse transcriptase production of cDNA from mRNA
E) electrophoresis separation of DNA fragments
66) Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because
A) plant genes do not contain introns.
B) more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells.
C) a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete plant.
D) genes can be inserted into plant cells by microinjection.
E) plant cells have larger nuclei.
67) A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year-old preserved skin of an extinct
dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from the sample with DNA from living birds,
which of the following would be most useful for increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for
testing?
A) RFLP analysis
B) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C) electroporation
D) gel electrophoresis
E) Southern blotting
68) DNA technology has many medical applications. Which of the following is not done routinely at
present?
A) production of hormones for treating diabetes and dwarfism
B) production of microbes that can metabolize toxins
C) introduction of genetically engineered genes into human gametes
D) prenatal identification of genetic disease alleles
E) genetic testing for carriers of harmful alleles
69) In recombinant DNA methods, the term vector can refer to
A) the enzyme that cuts DNA into restriction fragments.
B) the sticky end of a DNA fragment.
C) a SNP marker.
D) a plasmid used to transfer DNA into a living cell.
E) a DNA probe used to identify a particular gene.
70) Which of the following would not be true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the
starting material?
A) It could be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction.
B) It could be used to create a complete genomic library.
C) It was produced from mRNA using reverse transcriptase.
D) It could be used as a probe to detect genes expressed in the brain.
E) It lacks the introns of the human genes.
71) Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of
mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of
A) post-transcriptional processing.
B) electroporation.
C) post-translational processing.
D) nucleic acid hybridization.
E) restriction fragment ligation.
72) Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a
cutting site for a restriction enzyme?
A) AAGG
TTCC
B) AGTC
TCAG
C) GGCC
CCGG
D) ACCA
TGGT
E) AAAA
TTTT