Chapter 20 2 The strength of the bond in nitrogen is important

A)

N

B)

P

C)

As

D)

Sb

E)

Bi

79. Why is nitrogen not able to form molecules with five covalent bonds?

A)

Because nitrogen can only form a trigonal bipyramidal shape when it bonds with

other elements.

B)

Because nitrogen has such a high ionization energy that having five covalent bonds

is not possible.

C)

Because nitrogen only exists as N2 gas at room temperature.

D)

Because of nitrogen’s small size and lack of available d orbitals for electrons.

E)

At least two of the above are correct.

80. The ability of the Group 5A elements to form __________ greatly decreases after nitrogen.

A)

molecules with five covalent bonds

B)

pi bonds

C)

larger molecules with single bonds

D)

molecules with four covalent bonds

E)

all of these

81. Compounds containing bismuth in the +5 oxidation state tend to be ________, and

compounds containing bismuth in the +3 oxidation state tend to be ________.

A)

ionic, ionic

B)

ionic, molecular

C)

molecular, molecular

D)

molecular, ionic

E)

none of these

82. Choose the correct molecular structure for AsCl5.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

83. Choose the correct molecular structure for PCl3.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

84. Pi bonding tends to be important in all elements of Group 5A.

85. Choose the correct molecular structure for NH4+.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

86. The strength of the NN bond in nitrogen is important

A)

Because it allows N2 gas to serve as a medium for experiments involving oxygen

or water.

B)

Both thermodynamically and kinetically.

C)

In the use of nitrogen-based explosives.

D)

In the exothermic decomposition of binary compounds containing nitrogen.

E)

All of these.

87. The process of transforming N2 to a form usable by animals and plants is called

A)

nitrogen fixation

B)

fertilization

C)

denitrification

D)

the Ostwald process

E)

nitrogenation

88. In which of the following compounds does N have its maximum oxidation state?

A)

N2O5

B)

N2O

C)

NO

D)

N2O3

E)

NO2

89. The strength of the triple bond in the N2 molecule is important

A)

both kinetically and thermodynamically

B)

kinetically but not thermodynamically

C)

thermodynamically but not kinetically

D)

neither thermodynamically nor kinetically

E)

none of these

90. Which of the following is not a possible oxidation state of nitrogen?

A)

+2

B)

+1

C)

0

D)

-2

E)

-4

91. The Ostwald process

A)

is used to manufacture ammonia

B)

transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds

C)

is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits

D)

is used to produce nitric acid

E)

none of these

92. The Haber process

A)

is used to manufacture ammonia

B)

transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds

C)

is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits

D)

is used to produce nitric acid

E)

none of these

93. All of the following contribute to nitrogen-fixation except

A)

lightning

B)

bacteria on the roots of legumes

C)

the combustion process in car engines

D)

the Haber process

E)

the Ostwald process

94. Recent studies indicate that lightning may be responsible for as much as _____% of the total

fixed nitrogen available on earth.

A)

5

B)

25

C)

50

D)

75

E)

95

95. The most important hydride of nitrogen is

A)

ammonia

B)

hydrazine

C)

styrofoam

D)

agricultural pesticides

E)

none of these

96. What nitrogen-containing compound is used as rocket fuel?

A)

nitrous oxide

B)

ammonia

C)

nitric oxide

D)

hydrazine

E)

nitrogen dioxide

97. Which of the following is not a use of hydrazine?

A)

Blowing agent.

B)

Fungicides.

C)

Herbicides.

D)

Insecticides.

E)

All are uses of hydrazine.

98. Dinitrogen monoxide is more commonly known as

A)

nitric oxide

B)

laughing gas

C)

hydrazine

D)

nitrous oxide

E)

two of these

99. What nitrogen-containing compound has a role in controlling the earth’s temperature?

A)

N2O

B)

nitric oxide

C)

nitrogen oxide

D)

ammonia

E)

N2

100. What nitrogen-containing compound is produced commercially in the Ostwald process?

A)

hydrazine

B)

nitric acid

C)

nitrous acid

D)

ammonia

E)

nitrous oxide

101. Nitroglycerin, the main component of dynamite, decomposes very rapidly and

exothermically according to the equation:

4C3H5N3O9(l) → 6N2(g) + 12CO2(g) + 10H2O(g) + O2(g) + energy

What is the total volume of products that would be produced from 595 g of nitroglycerin?

Assume the heat released caused the temperature to become 233°C and the pressure to be

10.0 atm.

A)

36.3 L

B)

78.9 L

C)

16.3 L

D)

58.7 L

E)

93.9 L

102. Which of the following are reasons why the chemical properties of phosphorus are quite

different from those of nitrogen, even though they are located very closely on the periodic

table?

I.

the greater electronegativity of nitrogen

II.

the larger size of the phosphorus atom

III.

nitrogen’s ability to form stronger pi bonds

IV.

the empty valence d orbitals on phosphorus

A)

I, II

B)

I, II, IV

C)

II only

D)

III, IV

E)

I, II, III, IV

103. Which of the following titration curves best represents phosphorous acid, H3PO3, being

titrated with a strong base?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

104. Which is the most reactive form of phosphorus?

A)

Black phosphorus.

B)

White phosphorus.

C)

Red phosphorus.

D)

Two of these are equally reactive.

E)

All of these (A-C) are equally reactive.

105. Which form of phosphorus is highly toxic?

A)

white phosphorus

B)

red phosphorus

C)

black phosphorus

D)

tetraphosphorus decaoxide

E)

none of these

106. Phosphorus is found in nature

A)

as white phosphorus

B)

as red phosphorus

C)

as black phosphorus

D)

usually as the PO43– ion in phosphate rock

E)

in gypsum

107. Why is phosphorus added to soil as a fertilizer?

A)

It is essential for plant growth.

B)

It is often found in an inaccessible form in the soil.

C)

Most soils do not have large amounts of phosphorus.

D)

Two of these.

E)

All of these.

108. What Group 6A element has been studied for its ability to protect against cancer?

A)

sulfur

B)

polonium

C)

selenium

D)

tellurium

E)

oxygen

109. What Group 6A element was discovered in pitchblende by the Curies?

A)

sulfur

B)

polonium

C)

selenium

D)

tellurium

E)

oxygen

110. What Group 6A element has 27 isotopes and is highly toxic and very radioactive?

A)

sulfur

B)

polonium

C)

selenium

D)

tellurium

E)

oxygen

111. What Group 6A elements are semiconductors?

A)

selenium and polonium

B)

tellurium and polonium

C)

sulfur and selenium

D)

selenium and tellurium

E)

sulfur and tellurium

112. Choose the correct molecular structure for SeBr4.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

113. Choose the correct molecular structure for SeF6.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

114. All of the following are true about ozone except:

A)

It causes skin cancer.

B)

It is formed in the pollution from car exhaust.

C)

It can be used to purify water.

D)

It exists naturally in the upper atmosphere.

E)

It prevents UV light from reaching the earth.

115. What process is used to recover sulfur?

A)

the Haber process

B)

the Ostwald process

C)

the Frasch process

D)

the contact process

E)

the wet process

116. The fact that the SO molecule is very unstable while O2 is stable can be best explained

because:

A)

The S-O bond is inherently unstable.

B)

Sulfur lacks the ability to form double bonds.

C)

The difference in electronegativity between the sulfur atom and the oxygen atom

makes it unlikely for the S-O bond to form.

D)

There exists much stronger pi bonding between oxygen atoms than between a

sulfur atom and oxygen atom.

E)

None of these.

117. Choose the species with the largest bond strength.

A)

F2

B)

Cl2

C)

Br2

D)

I2

E)

All are the same.

118. Choose the species with the largest ionization energy.

A)

F

B)

Cl

C)

Br

D)

I

E)

All are the same.

119. Choose the species with the largest radius.

A)

F

B)

F–

C)

Cl

D)

Cl–

E)

All are the same.

120. Of F, Cl, Br, and I, which of the following correctly lists the largest radius of the anion, the

element with the highest electronegativity, and the highest bond energy of the diatomic

molecule, respectively?

A)

I–, Cl, F2

B)

I–, F, Br2

C)

Br–, Br, I2

D)

I–, F, Cl2

E)

none of these

121. Choose the species with the smallest hydration energy (absolute value).

A)

F–

B)

Cl–

C)

Br–

D)

I–

E)

all the same

122. Choose the species that is the most reactive.

A)

F2

B)

Cl2

C)

Br2

D)

I2

E)

all are the same.

123. Choose the correct molecular structure for ClO2–.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

124. Choose the correct molecular structure for ClO4–.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

octahedral

E)

none of these

125. Choose the group containing the most reactive nonmetals.

A)

Group 1A

B)

Group 3A

C)

Group 5A

D)

Group 7A

E)

Group 8A

126. For the process X–(g) → X–(aq), select the ion with the most negative value of H.

A)

F–

B)

Cl–

C)

Br–

D)

I–

E)

all the same

127. For the process X–(g) → X–(aq), select the ion with the most negative value of S.

A)

F–

B)

Cl–

C)

Br–

D)

I–

E)

all the same

128. Within the halogen family, as atomic number increases:

A)

Covalent radius decreases.

B)

Ionic radius increases.

C)

Melting point decreases.

D)

Electronegativity increases.

E)

None of these.

129. The bond strength of HCl is greater than that of HF.

130. The acid HClO4 is a stronger acid than HClO2.

131. All of the following statements about helium are true except:

A)

It forms no compounds.

B)

It is used as a coolant.

C)

The major sources on earth are natural gas deposits.

D)

It is used in luminescent lighting.

E)

It is a component of the sun.

132. Of the following, which form compounds?

I.

Ne

II.

Kr

III.

Xe

IV.

Rn

A)

I, II

B)

II, III

C)

I, II, III

D)

II, III, IV

E)

III, IV

133. Choose the correct molecular structure for XeF4.

A)

trigonal bipyramidal

B)

trigonal planar

C)

tetrahedral

D)

square planar

E)

none of these

134. Which of the following noble gases have been observed to form compounds?

A)

He and Ar

B)

Kr and Xe

C)

Xe

D)

Ar, Kr, and Xe

E)

The noble gases never form compounds since they have filled outer shells.

135. Which of the following is not a known compound?

A)

XeF4

B)

KrF2

C)

ArBr4

D)

XeO3

E)

At least two of the above are not compounds.

Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions:

136. Lithium metal with excess O2(g).

137. Rubidium metal with O2(g).

138. Cesium metal with Cl2(g).

139. Sodium metal with H2(g).

140. Lithium metal with H2O(l).

141. Magnesium metal with O2(g).

142. Strontium metal with Br2(l).

143. Aluminum metal with O2(g) at high temperatures.

144. Gallium metal with I2(s).

145. Tin metal with O2(g).

146. Lead metal with Br2(l).

Write a balanced equation for each of the following:

147. The reaction of hydrazine with O2(g)

148. The oxidation of copper metal by 6 M nitric acid

149. The thermal decomposition of NO(g)

150. The decomposition of nitric acid in sunlight

151. The reaction of sodium phosphide with water

152. The reaction of P4O10(s) with water

153. The oxidation of sulfur dioxide by oxygen gas

154. The reaction of chlorine gas with cold water

155. The reaction of xenon hexafluoride with excess water