Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
29. Acid rain is precipitation having a pH that is
30. Peroxyacetyl nitrate, called PAN for short, is a powerful lachrymator. A lachrymator is
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
31. Determine which of the following pollutants are of capable of forming acid rain when
combined with water.
I. SO2
II. SO3
III. CaCO3
IV. CaO
32. Which one of the following indoor air pollutants has adverse health effects because it is
radioactive?
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
33.
The rate constant of the reaction O + O3 → 2O2 is 7.0 105 M–1 s–1 at –40C and 4.8 106 M–1s–1 at 25C. Calculate the
activation energy of this reaction.
34.
The rate constant of the reaction Cl + CHCl3 → HCl + CCl3 is 5.8 107 M–1s–1 at 25C and has an activation energy of 11.0
kJ/mol. Calculate the rate constant for this reaction in the lower stratosphere where the temperature is –57C.
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
35.
A possible reaction leading to removal of ClO from the atmosphere is 2ClO → Cl2 + O2. Studies of this reaction have
yielded an Arrhenius frequency factor (A) and activation energy of 1.0 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 and 13.2 kJ/mol,
respectively. Calculate the rate constant for the disappearance of ClO at –30C.
36.
An unusual atmospheric reaction leading to ozone destruction is CF3O + O3 → CF3O2 + O2, the analysis of which has
yielded an Arrhenius frequency factor (A) and activation energy of 2.0 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 and 11.6 kJ/mol,
respectively. Calculate the rate constant for this reaction at an altitude of 35 km, where the temperature is –34C.
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
37.
What mass of solid CaO is needed to remove the sulfur dioxide from 1.0 106 m3 of air having an SO2 concentration of 1.5
10–9 M? Assume that the reaction leading to removal of the sulfur dioxide is CaO(s) + SO2(g) → CaCO3(s).
38. Excluding water vapor, list the four most prevalent gases in our atmosphere from most
abundant to least abundant.
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
39. Name four regions of the atmosphere in order of increasing altitude.
40.
Select True or False: The steps in the reaction scheme for nitrogen fixation by lightening are as follow:
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO2(aq) + HNO3(aq)
41.
Select True or False: The steps in the mechanism by which ozone is formed in the stratosphere are shown here:
O2(g) + O → 2O(g)
O(g) + O2(g) → O3(g)
42.
Select True or False: The steps in the mechanism of ozone destruction by chlorine atoms is shown here:
Cl2(g) + O3(g) → 2ClO(g) + O2(g)
ClO(g) + O(g) → O2(g) + Cl(g)
43.
Select True or False: The steps in the mechanism of ozone destruction by nitric oxide (NO) are shown here:
NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)
NO2(g) + O(g) → NO(g) + O2(g)
44. Which one of the following is not considered a “greenhouse gas?”
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
45. Shown here are the four steps that show how sulfur in coal is converted to sulfuric acid in
acid rain. Which step, if any, shows an unbalanced equation?
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
46.
Select True or False: The reaction that shows how the acidic oxide N2O5 combines with water to generate nitric acid leading
to acid rain is shown in the balanced equation here.
N2O5(g) + H2O(l) → 2 HNO2(aq)
47.
Select True or False: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of acid rain with limestone rock is shown here:
CaCO3 + 2H+ → Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
48. Of the following which one, if any, is not one of the primary pollutants removed from
automobile exhaust by catalytic converters.
49.
Select True or False: The following balanced equation shows what happens to nitrogen dioxide in sunlight.
NO2(g) + hn → NO(g) + O(g)
Chapter 20 – Chemistry in the Atmosphere
50. The average person breathes about 20 m3 of air a day. What mass of particulates would a
person breathe in a day if the particulate level were 400 micrograms per cubic meter?