Chapter 2—Your Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When comparing factors that encompass psychological health, which of the following most apply?
a.
physical and mental health
b.
mental state and social health
c.
emotional and mental states
d.
mental health only
2. Which of the following most distinguishes emotional health?
a.
feelings and moods
b.
mental stability
c.
thoughts
d.
social well-being
3. According to the textbook, an emotionally healthy person is characterized by the ability to ____.
a.
routinely ask for help
b.
adapt to a variety of circumstances
c.
use logical thought processes
d.
understand that the self should be the center of the universe
4. What does compassion for others and depth in intimate relationships most indicate?
a.
spiritual health
b.
emotional health
c.
mental health
d.
social health
5. What is a key characteristic of mental health?
a.
The ability to have many acquaintances
b.
Being suspicious of the motivations of others
c.
The ability to carry out responsibilities
d.
Limited emotional reactivity
6. Who popularized the positive psychology movement?
a.
Sigmund Freud
b.
Carl Jung
c.
Abraham Maslow
d.
Martin Seligman
7. What are positive psychologists most likely to study?
a.
wisdom and courage
b.
love and hate
c.
hope and trust
d.
humor and resilience
8. What field is most concerned with the “scientific study of ordinary human strengths and values”?
a.
sociology
b.
social psychology
c.
positive psychology
d.
cognitive psychology
9. Self-compassion is most characterized by ____.
a.
avoiding painful thoughts
b.
engaging in negative self-talk
c.
identifying personal inadequacies
d.
recognizing discomfort as an unavoidable part of the human experience
10. The term emotional quotient refers to the ability to ____.
a.
understand yourself
b.
use emotions to guide your thinking and actions
c.
track how many times you get emotional or upset
d.
have feelings and moods
11. College students who rank high in conscientiousness are less likely to ____.
a.
binge drink
b.
wear seat beats
c.
eat vegetables
d.
keep a journal
12. According to Maslow, what is the most basic need for personality development?
a.
self-respect
b.
food and shelter
c.
protection from harm
d.
receiving affection
13. People with a high emotional quotient are more likely to ____.
a.
work from home
b.
exhibit signs of depression
c.
effectively deal with stress
d.
rely on “gut feelings”
14. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what will be achieved by individuals who function at the
highest possible level?
a.
marital bliss
b.
terminal happiness
c.
self-actualization
d.
basic fulfillment
15. According to the textbook, what is the most effective way to increase self-esteem?
a.
meditation
b.
exercise
c.
friendships
d.
positive thinking
16. Compliments, kudos, and encouragement most illustrate ____.
a.
self-actualization
b.
self-esteem
c.
positive affirmations
d.
emotional agility
17. Research suggests that true happiness is based on ____.
a.
spending money on things that are pleasurable
b.
spending money on bigger material things
c.
having more education
d.
surrounding yourself with happy people
18. The genetic component that contributes to individual differences in contentment refers to one’s
happiness ____.
a.
set point
b.
quotient
c.
disposition
d.
effect
19. Which characteristic describes an inclination to expect the best possible outcome?
a.
happiness
b.
assertiveness
c.
optimism
d.
altruism
20. An example of optimism would be to ____.
a.
have expectations for a positive outcome
b.
perceive negative experiences as the norm
c.
blame others when things go wrong
d.
see setbacks as permanent
21. What percentage of people are happy just about every day?
a.
2%
b.
5%
c.
10%
d.
13%
22. The technique of “reframing” refers to ____.
a.
using humor in a negative situation
b.
being independent in determining your attitude
c.
developing an external locus of control
d.
looking at a negative experience in a more positive light
23. What percentage of people report experiencing a bad mood four out of every five days?
a.
5%
b.
8%
c.
12%
d.
17%
24. Most bad moods are caused by ____.
a.
work
b.
weather
c.
genetics
d.
diet
25. The ability to cultivate independence from familial and societal influences refers to ____.
a.
mood management
b.
autonomy
c.
emotional quotient
d.
identity security
26. Individuals who are true to themselves and develop independence demonstrate ____.
a.
optimism
b.
autonomy
c.
assertiveness
d.
extroversion
27. An autonomous individual has a locus of control that is ____.
a.
negative
b.
internal
c.
individualized
d.
external
28. The ability to identify your basic purpose in life and experience the fulfillment of achieving your full
potential best exemplifies ____.
a.
emotional health
b.
spiritual health
c.
social health
d.
intellectual health
29. According to your textbook, spirituality involves ____.
a.
having a sense of religiosity
b.
identifying a basic purpose in life
c.
giving to your church on a regular basis
d.
praying at least once a day
30. Which of the following translates into a capacity to sense, understand, and tap into the highest parts of
ourselves, others, and the world around us?
a.
emotional intelligence
b.
spiritual intelligence
c.
intelligence quotient
d.
emotional quotient
31. What is a key difference between “spirituality” and “spiritual intelligence”?
a.
Spiritual intelligence is grounded in old-fashioned morality.
b.
Spiritual intelligence does not focus on a God above.
c.
Spirituality is more based on “happiness and peace.”
d.
Spiritual intelligence is more value-oriented than spirituality.
32. To evaluate things, people, events, and oneself, a person should focus on which of the following
criteria?
a.
values
b.
beliefs
c.
religion
d.
expectations
33. One of the most effective “gratitude interventions” is ____.
a.
composing an apology letter
b.
exercising
c.
giving gifts to people
d.
keeping a diary of things for which you are thankful
34. Forgiving someone is a ____.
a.
sign of weakness
b.
simple process
c.
one-time thing
d.
way to reclaim one’s power to choose
35. Inadequate sleep has been linked to ____.
a.
weight loss
b.
depression
c.
low cholesterol
d.
religious attendance
36. The most common complaint of college students is ____.
a.
daytime sleepiness
b.
insomnia
c.
restless leg syndrome
d.
sleep apnea
37. Which is more likely to occur with sleep deprivation?
a.
enhanced memory recall
b.
weight gain
c.
reduced stress
d.
increased production of antibodies
38. Which statement best describes research on college students and sleep?
a.
Male students generally have poorer sleep patterns than female students.
b.
Female students experience more issues related to academic performance and sleep.
c.
The sleeping patterns of male students improve over the course of the year.
d.
Female students report better sleep quality than males at the beginning of the year.
39. During what stage does slow-wave sleep begin?
a.
NREM stage 1
b.
NREM stage 2
c.
NREM stage 3
d.
REM sleep
40. The vivid-dreams stage of sleep occurs at which point?
a.
non-REM stage 1 twilight zone
b.
stage 3 delta slow-wave sleep
c.
REM sleep
d.
dozing-off stage during a power nap
41. What happens during REM sleep?
a.
The large muscles of the arms and legs are paralyzed.
b.
Blood flow through the brain slows down.
c.
The eyes are not responsive to light.
d.
Delta sleep occurs.
42. According to the textbook, what behavioral method is most effective for people with insomnia?
a.
phototherapy
b.
cognitive therapy
c.
aromatherapy
d.
hydrotherapy
43. A CPAP machine might be particularly useful for someone suffering from ____.
a.
sleep apnea
b.
a circadian rhythm disorder
c.
restless leg syndrome
d.
insomnia
44. A common sleep disorder that usually occurs among people who work odd shifts or switch from a day
to night shift is ____.
a.
circadian rhythm disorder
b.
sleep apnea
c.
restless leg syndrome
d.
insomnia
45. How many American adults suffer from a specific sleep disorder?
a.
10 million
b.
20 million
c.
30 million
d.
40 million
COMPLETION
1. Your ____________________ health can be identified by your feelings and mood.
2. ____________________ is the ability to monitor and use emotions to guide thinking and actions.
3. The top level of one’s psychological health, once all other levels of well-being have been met, is
known as ____________________.
4. Positive thinking and talking is one of the most useful techniques for boosting
____________________.
ANS:
5. About 50 percent of your happiness quotient is based on ___________________.
6. Expecting a very good outcome in a situation is called ____________________.
7. The effects of caffeine can linger for up to ____________________.
8. The term ____________________ refer to the criteria by which you evaluate things, people, events
and yourself.
9. When a person is said to be ____________________, he or she has independence and control of their
life.
10. According to your textbook, you don’t have to believe in ____________________ to be spiritually
intelligent.
11. The capacity to sense, understand, and tap into the highest parts of ourselves is known as
____________________.
12. Praying directly to a higher power refers to ____________________ prayer.
13. The word forgive comes from the Greek word for ____________________.
14. There are _______ stages of NREM sleep.
15. Another name for REM sleep is ____________________ sleep.
16. ____________________ is a lack of sleep so severe that it interferes with functioning during the day.
17. ____________________ is the absence of breathing for a brief period.
18. ____________________ disorders are problems involving the time of sleep.
19. After aspirin, ____________________ are the most widely used drugs in the United States.
20. A common dietary supplement sometimes used as a sleeping aid is ____________________.
MATCHING
Match the items with the most appropriate description:
a.
values
f.
emotional health
b.
gratitude
g.
reframing
c.
mood
h.
autonomy
d.
self-actualization
i.
optimism
e.
spiritual intelligence
j.
self-esteem
1. Fullest potential
2. Best predictor of college adjustment
3. Feelings and moods
4. Anticipating positive outcomes
5. Positive spin
6. Criteria by which you evaluate others, and yourself
7. Capacity to tap into the world around us
8. Appreciation for everything that makes life a little better
9. Independence
10. Sustained emotional state
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast the characteristics that a psychologically healthy person might exhibit with
those that a psychologically unhealthy person might exhibit.
2. Discuss the factors that account for a person’s happiness quotient.
3. Explain the difference between possessing internal versus external locus of control. Provide an
example of each.
4. Discuss how having a spiritual life can enhance one’s overall health and wellness.
5. Explain the differences between the four stages of REM sleep.