The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 2 Population and Health
1) The United States census is politically important because
A) immigrants without proper documentation are tracked and deported by the Census Bureau,
which explains immigrants’ historically low rates of participation in censuses.
B) statistical sampling reveals that homeless people are overcounted, particularly in large cities.
C) some legislative seats, including those of the U.S. House of Representatives, are apportioned
according to population.
D) every vote counts equally in a presidential election.
E) the U.S. democratic process is never influenced by corporations and corporate money.
2) Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most
populous country south of the Philippines is
A) Australia.
B) Indonesia.
C) New Zealand.
D) China.
E) Malaysia.
3) Geographers might characterize as overpopulated a country where
A) there are too many people according to a standard economic measure of poverty.
B) the population numbers less than one million, but there is concern that the country’s natural
resources are adequate for only half that number.
C) the population numbers more than 100 million and there is concern about the finite limits of
natural resources, although the resources available in the country seem adequate to that
population.
D) the population numbers more than one million, and there is an average distribution of
population to resources.
E) All of these answer choices are correct.
4) A homeless person living in a small town would be ________ to be counted in the U.S.
Census than a homeless person living in a large city.
A) less likely
B) equally (neither more nor less) likely
C) more likely
D) nearly as likely
5) Analyzing a world map and the population maps in this chapter, you can deduce that the most
populous country within 2,000 miles of Australia is
A) India.
B) Indonesia.
C) New Zealand.
D) China.
E) Malaysia.
6) The Earth area of permanent human settlement is called the
A) hot zone.
B) civilized world.
C) geophenom.
D) ecumene.
E) subpolar region.
7) The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is
A) Bangladesh.
B) China.
C) India.
D) Indonesia.
E) Thailand.
8) The countries depicted as smaller, or more limited in size, on the population cartogram have
A) higher levels of wealth and higher populations.
B) lower levels of wealth and higher populations.
C) lower populations.
D) lower populations and lesser land areas.
E) lower technical proficiency in cartography and geospatial reasoning.
9) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce that
Turkey was intensively settled by
A) 5000 BC.
B) AD 50.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1.
E) AD 1900.
10) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce
that the eastern coast of Australia was intensively settled by
A) 5000 BC.
B) AD 50.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1900.
E) AD 1.
11) Analyzing the map(s) of ecumene in this chapter, along with a world map, we can deduce
that Peru was intensively settled before
A) 5000 BC.
B) 1000 BC.
C) AD 1500.
D) AD 1.
E) AD 1900.
12) Relatively few people live at ________, but there are significant exceptions, especially in
Latin America.
A) low elevations
B) sea-level
C) high elevations
D) or near coastlines
E) the poles
13) Comparing the charts, maps, and other data on the world population growth in this chapter,
one can deduce that after the Ice Age, approximately 10,000 years ago Earth’s human population
A) changed little because of the availability of food from massive land animals.
B) began a long period of near stagnation, following a heretofore unprecedented period of rapid
growth.
C) had not yet appeared on the surface of the planet.
D) began to increase at a heretofore unprecedented rate, following millennia of near stagnation.
E) increased at unprecedented rates for two centuries, then declined again.
14) Among the following world regions, the least densely populated is
A) East Asia.
B) Southeast Asia.
C) Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Europe.
E) South Asia.
15) Physiological density is the number of
A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country.
B) farmers per area of farmland.
C) people per area of flat land.
D) people per area suitable for agriculture.
E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.
16) Land suited for agriculture is called
A) population density.
B) agricultural density.
C) physiological land.
D) arid land.
E) arable land.
17) We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its physiological density by
A) increasing the amount of agricultural land.
B) limiting the number of farmers.
C) increasing the areas of its urban centers.
D) increasing the size of its population.
E) limiting the number of farm animals.
18) We can calculate that a country would raise, or increase, its agricultural density if it
A) decreased the amount of agricultural land.
B) decreased the number of farmers.
C) increased the areas of its urban centers.
D) increased the size of its population.
E) decreased the number of farm animals.
19) We can calculate that a country would lower its arithmetic density by
A) increasing the amount of agricultural land.
B) limiting the number of farmers.
C) increasing the areas of its urban centers.
D) limiting the size of its population.
E) increasing the size of its population.
20) India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density although
their landscapes and sizes are quite different. From this we can conclude that the two countries
have roughly the same
A) level of output per farmer.
B) number of people per area of land.
C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food.
D) number of farmers per area of land.
E) number of people per area of arable land.
21) Given the data in this chapter about urban and rural population concentrations, we might
expect to find a lower proportion of farmers living in which of these areas?
A) East Asia
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Southeastern Europe
E) Sub-Saharan Africa
22) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a
A) high physiological density.
B) low physiological density.
C) high agricultural density.
D) low agricultural density.
E) low arithmetic density.
23) If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very
low, then a country has
A) inefficient farmers or farmers that are out of work.
B) a large number of farmers, although the number of farmers is not as great as the number of
people living in the cities.
C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space
available to live in.
D) too many people for the available resources, particularly in regards to agricultural land.
E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture.
24) The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is
A) total birth rate.
B) crude birth rate.
C) total fertility rate.
D) total increase rate.
E) crude fertility rate.
25) The fertility rate based on the number of live births per 1,000 residents is the
A) crude birth rate.
B) crude fertility rate.
C) infant birth rate.
D) natural increase rate.
E) life expectancy at birth.
26) When the world’s population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of
growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. That period of 45 years
is known as
A) doubling time.
B) doubling life expectancy.
C) double increase rate.
D) double overpopulation.
E) double demographic transition.
27) The world’s annual ________ is currently approximately 1.2 percent, at which rate the
world’s population is projected to double in about 54 years.
A) natural increase rate (NIR)
B) life expectancy rate (LER)
C) crude birth rate (CBR)
D) life increase rate (LIR)
E) natural expectancy rate (NER)
28) A decline in a country’s crude birth rate would result in an increase in that country’s
A) total fertility rate.
B) life expectancy rate.
C) crude death rate.
D) doubling time.
E) natural increase rate.
29) Life expectancy is lowest on average in
A) Africa.
B) East Asia.
C) North America.
D) Europe.
E) Southeast Asia.
30) The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the
A) crude birth rate.
B) life data rate.
C) natural increase rate.
D) total fertility rate.
E) new birth rate.
31) The Phatak family in India decides to have five children, although India’s official approach
to demographic growth includes a public relations campaign encouraging smaller families. This
illustrates
A) that children represent an economic liability to rural families, despite India’s policy.
B) this family fears that high infant mortality rates are associated with smaller family sizes.
C) that the women in this family have little or no power in relation to family planning.
D) an example of conflict between individual and government fertility goals.
E) the demographic realization that India’s population pyramid is skewed because of preference
for male children.
32) Analyzing the maps of fertility and mortality in this chapter, we see more countries with high
birth rates and high rates of infant mortality in
A) East Asia, excluding Japan.
B) South Asia, excluding Bangladesh.
C) Africa south of the Sahara.
D) Southeast Asia.
E) North America.
33) Analyzing various maps in this chapter along with a world map, we see that Laos has the
highest rates of fertility and infant mortality among its neighbors in
A) East Asia.
B) South Asia.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Africa.
E) Southwestern Asia.
34) Analyzing the maps of crude birth rates and total fertility rates in this chapter, we can
surmise that Afghanistan has a higher TFR and CBR than its neighbors in
A) South Asia only.
B) Southwest Asia only.
C) Southwest Asia and South Asia.
D) South Asia and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia only.
35) Analyzing the map(s) in this chapter dealing with infant mortality rates, as well as a world
map, we can deduce that
A) Papua New Guinea has a lower IMR than Indonesia.
B) India has a lower IMR than Russia.
C) Brazil has a lower IMR than Bolivia.
D) Madagascar has a lower IMR than South Africa.
E) Chad has a lower IMR than Egypt.
36) Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2011, but 35 of them died before
reaching their first birthday. These data can be used to report Country D’s
A) crude death rate.
B) infant mortality rate.
C) early life expectancy.
D) murder rate.
E) terminal increase rate.
37) It may sound strange to hear that the ________ is generally lower for less developed
countries than for more developed countries, but the difference is correlated to the average age of
each population.
A) crude birth rate
B) crude death rate
C) infant mortality rate
D) natural increase rate
E) total growth rate
38) We can hypothesize with some confidence that Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than
the United States because Costa Rica
A) has a higher sex ratio.
B) has more hospitals per person.
C) has a milder climate.
D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition.
E) has a lower percentage of elderly people.
39) Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a
CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?
A) Country A
B) Country B
C) The NIR is the same in both countries.
D) The rate depends on total population, so it can’t be computed from this information.
E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR.
40) Among the world’s countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is
________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates.
A) greater
B) less
C) the same as
D) more related to income
E) less dependent on social services
41) Japan is dealing with economic concerns about an aging population by
A) increasing the birth rate.
B) encouraging women and older people to work.
C) encouraging intermarriage between Japanese and non-Japanese workers.
D) increasing its longstanding policy of moving polluting industries to China.
E) encouraging immigration.
42) Country A has approximately 100,000 children between the ages of 0 and 14, although it has
a high infant mortality rate. It also has 202,000 elderly people who have retired from work,
although most continue to live in multi-generational households with their children and
grandchildren. Country A also has 310,000 people who can participate in the workforce. We can
use these data to calculate that the
A) dependency ratio is about 50 percent.
B) life expectancy ratio is about 50 percent.
C) population ratio is high.
D) dependency ratio is about 67 percent.
E) dependency ratio is about 33 percent.
43) The shape of a country’s population pyramid
A) is determined primarily by its crude birth rate.
B) has no correlation to its crude death rate.
C) cannot be used to estimate the country’s dependency rate.
D) cannot be used to estimate the country’s sex ratio.
E) is determined primarily by the combination of its crude birth rate and its crude growth rate.
44) A European country’s population pyramid would drastically change shape if it began to
resemble
A) the population pyramid of Japan.
B) the age-sex diagram of the United States.
C) the population pyramid of Nigeria.
D) the age-sex diagram of Australia.
E) the population pyramid of Canada.
45) The population pyramid of a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan may
appear ________ because the city’s population is dominated by elderly people.
A) “upside down”
B) to have a wide base
C) to have perfectly vertical sides
D) to be an “age-sex ratio”
E) “rightside-up”
46) One demographic feature with the most significant future implications is that
A) the natural increase rate is larger every year.
B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth
century.
C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries.
D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth.
E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate.
47) The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic
transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5
48) The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic
transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) none of these stages
49) The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic
transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5
50) Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition?
A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4
E) Stage 5