Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
67. The electronegativity of nitrogen (N) is 3.0, while the electronegativity of hydrogen (H)
is 2.1. Knowing this, consider how the electrons will be shared in ammonia (NH3). What do
you predict about the polarity of ammonia?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about electronegativity? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
68. Magnesium chloride is a salt formed with ionic bonds between one magnesium ion and
two chloride ions. Magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and chlorine has seven
electrons in its outer shell. How are the electrons transferred between these atoms?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about reduction and
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge to the
formation of ions through reduction and oxidation.
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about oxidations and reductions? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
69. Magnesium chloride is a salt formed with ionic bonds between one magnesium ion and
two chloride ions. Magnesium has two electrons in its outer shell and chlorine has seven
electrons in its outer shell. How are the electrons transferred between these atoms?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about reduction and
oxidations.
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge to the
formation of ions through reduction and oxidation.
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about oxidations and reductions? How does it relate to the question?
o If an atom gains an electron it becomes reduced and forms a negative charge.
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
70. The common basilisk lizard will run across water on its hind legs in an erect position
when startled by predators. This lizard has large feet and flaps of skin along its toes. What
properties of water allow this lizard to walk on water?
71. How is the bond in F2 different from the bond in KCl?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
72. Carbon has 4 valence electrons and oxygen has 6. Carbon dioxide would contain _____.
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the formation
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of the
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about covalent bonds? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
73. If water were non-polar it would not form hydrogen bonds. At normal room temperatures
this non-polar water would be _____.
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
74. Proteins are three dimensional molecules made of strands of amino acids (imagine a ball
of string). There are 20 different amino acids used in proteins found in living organisms.
Some of these amino acids are polar and others are non-polar. Where would a series of non-
polar amino acids most likely be located in a protein that is found in the cytosol of an animal
cell?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about non-polar
amino acids.
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about non-polar molecules? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
75. According to most car mechanics, plain water is the best coolant to use in an engine
provided the engine is not being exposed to freezing temperatures. If the car is subject to
freezing temperatures then a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (antifreeze) is
recommended but it does not cool as efficiently as plain water. Why would ethylene glycol
reduce the cooling efficiency of water?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the ability of
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your understanding of the
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about the properties of water? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
76. Dennis had a history of heart disease in his family and was reducing his intake of
saturated fats. Saturated means each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as it
can accept. If a carbon were bonded to two carbons, how many hydrogens could it accept?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about forming
covalent bonds.
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of the
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about covalent bonds? How does it relate to the question?
full outer shell. This means it needs to form 4 covalent bonds.
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water