Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
44. Genes are composed of sequences of ____.
a.
ions
b.
chromosomes
c.
cells
d.
nucleotides
e.
proteins
45. The law of conservation of matter states that whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change,
____.
a.
atoms can be created
b.
atoms can be destroyed
c.
atoms cannot be created or destroyed
d.
atoms can be destroyed if we compost them
e.
atoms can be created by reactions between organic compounds
46. If a carbon atom combines with oxygen atoms to form CO2, this would be described as ____.
a.
a physical change
b.
a chemical change
c.
both a physical and chemical change
d.
first a physical change, but then it becomes a chemical change
e.
neither a physical change or a chemical change, but a scientific change
47. Energy can be formally defined as the ____.
a.
velocity of any moving object
b.
heat generated by atoms losing electrons
c.
capacity to do work
d.
displacement of heat from the sun to the earth
Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
e.
process of moving objects
48. Most forms of energy can be classified as either ____.
a.
chemical or physical
b.
kinetic or mechanical
c.
potential or mechanical
d.
chemical or kinetic
e.
potential or kinetic
49. Kinetic energy is energy associated with ____.
a.
chemical reactions
b.
motion
c.
food
d.
coal
e.
elevation differences
50. An example of potential energy is ____.
a.
electricity flowing through a wire
b.
the chemical energy in a candy bar
c.
a bullet fired at high velocity
d.
the falling of a leaf from a tree
e.
the flowing of water
51. Which statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics?
a.
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
b.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
c.
Heat is a form of kinetic energy.
d.
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy in living systems.
e.
When energy is used up, it’s gone.
52. Wind farms are viable options for supplying more of our energy needs in the future because ____.
a.
high-speed wind is a form of medium-quality energy
b.
high-speed wind is a form of high-quality energy
c.
high-speed wind is a form of low-quality energy
d.
wind continuously moves at great speeds around the globe
e.
wind is potential energy
53. The second law of thermodynamics says that whenever energy is converted from one form to another in a
physical or chemical change, ____.
a.
more energy will be present in the second form
b.
heat is absorbed
c.
light is produced
d.
we end up with lower-quality or less useable energy than we started with
e.
the second form of energy will always be kinetic
54. ____ is a measure of the amount of energy available to do useful work.
a.
Energy quality
b.
Energy effectiveness
Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
c.
Energy conservation
d.
Energy efficiency
e.
Energy radiation
55. Which of the following energy forms is low-quality?
a.
the energy released by burning coal
b.
the heat dispersed in the ocean
c.
concentrated sunlight
d.
high-speed wind
e.
the energy released by burning wood
56. A positive feedback loop ____.
a.
increases a change to a system
b.
always results in a beneficial change to a system
c.
decreases a change to a system
d.
never results in a beneficial change to a system
e.
stabilizes a system
57. A thermostat set to 62 °F turns on the furnace when a house cools below that temperature, and shuts the
furnace off when a house warms above that temperature. This is an example of a simple ____.
a.
positive feedback loop
b.
negative feedback loop
c.
system loop
d.
tipping point
e.
thermodynamic loop
58. A form of kinetic energy that travels in the form of a wave as a result of changes in electrical and magnetic
fields is ____.
a.
wind
b.
electromagnetic radiation
c.
waterfalls
d.
electricity
e.
heat energy
59. Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
a.
infrared radiation
b.
radio waves
c.
visible light
d.
ultraviolet (UV) radiation
e.
microwaves
60. Most living systems can be described as having inputs, ____, and outputs.
a.
thermodynamics
b.
positive transfers
c.
throughputs
d.
kinetics
e.
creations
Matching
Match items with their appropriate chemical description.
Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
a.
NH4+
b.
molecule
c.
electron
d.
proton
e.
neutron
f.
pH
g.
Ca
h.
P
i.
mass number
j.
NO3–
k.
C6H12O6
DIFFICULTY:
BLOOM’S: Remember
REFERENCES:
2.2 What Is Matter and What Happens When It Undergoes Change?
QUESTION TYPE:
Matching
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
ENVS.MLSP.16.2.2 – Explain what matter is made of and the law governing changes in
matter.
ENVS.MLSP.16.2.2.2 – Describe the three building blocks of matter.
61. The chemical symbol for the element calcium
ANSWER:
62. A subatomic particle with no net electrical charge
ANSWER:
e
63. The nitrate ion
ANSWER:
64. The chemical symbol for the element phosphorus
ANSWER:
65. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
ANSWER:
66. Subatomic particle with a positive charge
ANSWER:
67. The ammonium ion
ANSWER:
a
68. The scale used to measure acidity
ANSWER:
69. The chemical formula for glucose
70. Subatomic particle with a negative charge
Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
71. Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
72. In a scientific investigation, one of the groups involved in the investigation has a chosen variable changed in
a known way. This group is designated as the ____________________group.
73. A well-tested and widely accepted scientific hypothesis or a group of related hypotheses is called a(n)
____________________.
74. A possible and testable explanation that needs further investigation is called a(n) ____________________.
75. Matter that is near the earth’s surface, that is highly concentrated, and that has great potential for use as a
resource, is referred to as ____________________.
76. A(n) ____________________ is a type of matter that has a unique set of properties and that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
77. A chemical that is a combination of two or more different elements is called a(n) ____________________.
78. An atom or group of atoms with one or more net positive or negative charges is called a(n)
____________________.
79. The pH of a solution is a measure of ____________________ ions and ____________________ ions in that
solution.
80. The ____________________ ion, studied by Bormann and Likens, is an essential nutrient for plant growth.
81. A simple carbohydrate that plants and animals use to obtain energy is ____________________.
82. _____________________ occurs when two isotopes of light elements are forced together at extremely high
temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus.
Chapter 02 – Science – Matter – and Energy
83. ____________________ occurs when the nuclei of certain isotopes with large mass numbers are split apart
into lighter nuclei and release energy when struck by a neutron.
84. Flowing water is an example of ____________________ energy.
85. Organic compounds always contain ____________________ atoms.
86. Within some DNA molecules are certain sequences of nucleotides called
87. Macromolecules formed from a number of monomers are called ____________________.
88. The law of ____________________ of matter states that whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical
change, no atoms are created or destroyed.
89. A(n) ____________________ is a set of components that function and interact in some regular way.
90. Give an example of a way you can convert potential energy into kinetic energy.
91. What does it mean to say that scientific knowledge advances in a “self-correcting way”?
92. Give an example of a positive feedback loop.
93. What are the physical states and chemical forms of matter?
94. Explain why the Bormann-Likens scientific investigation of clear-cutting forest watersheds is considered
reliable science.
95. List an example of each of the following terms: element, compound, ion, organic compound, simple
carbohydrate.
96. Explain how genes, traits, and chromosomes are related.
97. Why do scientists not talk about “proof” when discussing scientific research?
98. Explain why it is incorrect to say that scientific theories are unreliable because they are not scientific laws.
99. Describe three limitations of science in general (as well as environmental science).