Chapter 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context
True / False
1. Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.45
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Comprehension
2. Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Easy
p. 45
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Comprehension
3. Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining,
and modifying a system.
a.
True
b.
False
False
issues associated with creating, maintaining,and modifying a system.
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p. 45
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Knowledge
4. Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire
Chapter 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context
system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.46
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
Bloom’s: Comprehension
5. When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of
ensuring project success.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.47
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Comprehension
6. According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually
happened, but what it means.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p.48
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
7. Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.
a.
True
b.
False
8. An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for
other groups under contract.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.50
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
9. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Easy
p. 50
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Bloom’s: Knowledge
10. The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p. 51
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Bloom’s: Knowledge
11. Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies’ problems can be traced to its organizational
structure.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.51
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
12. The same organization can have different subcultures.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.51
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
13. An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager’s job more difficult
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Easy
p.51
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG – Technology
Bloom’s: Knowledge
14. Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.52
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
15. Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.52
INFO.SCHW.14.11 – LO: 2-3
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Focusing on Stakeholder Needs
16. Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project
stakeholders.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p.52
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Focusing on Stakeholder Needs
17. The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.54
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Bloom’s: Knowledge
18. Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.
a.
True
b.
False
True
managers to cooperate.
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.54
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Bloom’s: Knowledge
19. Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.56
INFO.SCHW.14.11 – LO: 2-3
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Focusing on Stakeholder Needs
Bloom’s: Knowledge
20. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p. 57
INFO.SCHW.14.12 – LO: 2-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
Bloom’s: Comprehension
21. The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.59
INFO.SCHW.14.12 – LO: 2-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Bloom’s: Knowledge
22. The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive
approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.61
INFO.SCHW.14.12 – LO: 2-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
Bloom’s: Knowledge
23. An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur
after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.62
INFO.SCHW.14.12 – LO: 2-4
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle
Bloom’s: Comprehension
24. The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.64
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
25. The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.67
INFO.SCHW.14.14 – LO: 2-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Recent Trends Affecting Information Technology Project Management
Bloom’s: Knowledge
26. Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams.
a.
True
b.
False
False
Feedback: The project manager’s leadership style affects all teams, especially virtual ones.
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.68
INFO.SCHW.14.14 – LO: 2-6
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Recent Trends Affecting Information Technology Project Management
Bloom’s: Knowledge
Multiple Choice
27. Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within
the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the
organization.
a.
Linear analysis
b.
Systems thinking
c.
Reductionism
d.
The silo approach
b
Difficulty: Moderate
The Context of Information Technology Projects
Bloom’s: Knowledge
28. _____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its
components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs.
a.
Linear programming
b.
Independent component analysis
c.
Principal component analysis
d.
Systems analysis
d
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.45
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Knowledge
29. The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the
goals and policies set by top management.
a.
structural frame
b.
human resources frame
c.
political frame
d.
symbolic frame
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.47
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
30. The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the
needs of people.
a.
structural
b.
human resources
c.
political
d.
symbolic
b
INFO.SCHW.14.9 – LO: 2-1
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
A Systems View of Project Management
Bloom’s: Knowledge
31. The symbolic perspective of an organization:
a.
focuses on different groups’ roles and
responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management.
b.
views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.
c.
focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.
d.
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Bloom’s: Comprehension
32. The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and
interest groups.
a.
political frame
b.
symbolic frame
c.
structural frame
d.
human resources frame
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
33. Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a
strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s
dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame
Difficulty: Moderate
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Application
Chapter 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context
of the organization.
a.
political
b.
symbolic
c.
structural
d.
human resources
b
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.48
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Application
34. In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report
directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these
departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational
structure.
a.
project
b.
symbolic
c.
matrix
d.
functional
d
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.49
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Application
35. In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to
the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.
a.
project
b.
symbolic
c.
matrix
d.
functional
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p.50
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
36. In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project
managers.
a.
project
b.
symbolic
c.
matrix
d.
functional
1
Difficulty: Moderate
p. 50
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
37. Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
a.
functional
b.
project
c.
matrix
d.
circular
b
1
Difficulty: Easy
p.50
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
38. Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.
a.
functional
b.
project
c.
matrix
d.
circular
1
Difficulty: Easy
P.50
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
39. Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?
a.
In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and
there is little interaction between employees from different departments.
b.
Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working
on their projects.
c.
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate
to high authority.
d.
A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional
managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Difficulty: Moderate
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
40. _____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.
a.
Chain of command
b.
Line of control
c.
Organizational culture
d.
Organizational structure
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
41. The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into
account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.
a.
member identity
b.
group emphasis
c.
people focus
d.
unit integration
Bloom’s: Knowledge
42. _____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or
profession.
a.
Member identity
b.
People focus
c.
Group emphasis
d.
Unit integration
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
43. _____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other.
a.
Member identity
b.
People focus
c.
Group emphasis
d.
Unit integration
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
44. In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____.
a.
the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
b.
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior
c.
the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the
organization
d.
the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
Difficulty: Easy
p.51
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
45. In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____.
a.
the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
b.
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior
c.
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve
results
d.
the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
46. _____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.
a.
Means-ends orientation
b.
Open-systems focus
c.
Conflict tolerance
d.
Risk tolerance
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge
47. In organizational culture, control refers to _____.
a.
the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment
b.
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
c.
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve
results
d.
the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
Difficulty: Easy
INFO.SCHW.14.10 – LO: 2-2
United States – BUSPROG: Analytic
Understanding Organizations
Bloom’s: Knowledge